The participating centres for UKPDS 36 were Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford; Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen; General Hospital, Birmingham; Hammersmith Hospital, London; City Hospital, Belfast; Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast; St Helier Hospital, Carshalton; Whittington Hospital, London; Norfolk and Norwich Hospital; Lister Hospital, Stevenage; Ninewells Hospital, Dundee; Northampton Hospital; Torbay Hospital; Peterborough General Hospital; Scarborough Hospital; Derbyshire Royal Infirmary; Manchester Royal Infirmary; Hope Hospital, Salford; Leicester General Hospital; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital.

Chief investigators: R C Turner, R R Holman; additional investigators: D R Matthews, H A W Neil; Statisticians: I M Stratton, C A Cull, H J McElroy, Z Mehta; biochemist: S E Manley; research associate: V Frighi: consultant statistician: R Peto; epidemiologist: A I Adler; administrator: P A Bassett; end point assessors: D R Matthews (Oxford), A D Wright (Birmingham), T L Dornan (Salford); retinal photography grading: E M Kohner, S Aldington, H Lipinski, R Collum, K Harrison, C MacIntyre, S Skinner, A Mortemore, D Nelson, S Cockley, S Levien, L Bodsworth, R Willox, T Biggs, S Dove, E Beattie, M Gradwell, S Staples, R Lam, F Taylor, L Leung (Hammersmith); dietician: E A Eeley (Oxford); biochemistry laboratory staff: M J Payne, R D Carter, S M Brownlee, K E Fisher, K Islam, R Jelfs, P A Williams, F A Williams, P J Sutton, A Ayres, L J Logie, C Lovatt, M A Evans, L A Stowell; consultant biochemist: I Ross (Aberdeen); Applications Programmer: I A Kennedy; Database clerk: D Croft; ECG Coding: A H Keen, C Rose (Guy's Hospital); Health Economists: M Raikou, A M Gray, A J McGuire, P Fenn (Oxford); Quality of Life Questionnaire: Z Mehta (Oxford), A E Fletcher, C Bulpitt, C Battersby (Hammersmith), J S Yudkin (Whittington); Mathematical Modeller: R Stevens (Oxford).

M R Stearn, S L Palmer, M S Hammersley, S L Franklin, R S Spivey, J C Levy, C R Tidy, N J Bell, J Steemson, B A Barrow, R Coster, K Waring, L Nolan, E Truscott, N Walravens, L Cook, H Lampard, C Merle, P Parker, J McVittie, I Draisey (Oxford); L E Murchison, A H E Brunt, M J Williams, D W Pearson, X M P Petrie, M E J Lean D Walmsley, F Lyall, E Christie, J Church, E Thomson, A Farrow, J M Stowers, M Stowers, K McHardy, N Patterson (Aberdeen); A D Wright, N A Levi, A C I Shearer, R J W Thompson, G Taylor, S Rayton, M Bradbury, A Glover, A Smyth-Osbourne, C Parkes, J Graham, P England, S Gyde, C Eagle, B Chakrabarti, J Smith, J Sherwell (Birmingham); N W Oakley, M A Whitehead, G P Hollier, T Pilkington, J Simpson, M Anderson, S Martin, J Kean, B Rice, A Rolland, J Nisbet (London, St Georges's); E M Kohner, A Dornhorst, M C Doddridge, M Dumskyj, S Walji, P Sharp, M Sleightholm, G Vanterpool, C Rose, G Frost, M Roseblade, S Elliott, S Forrester, M Foster, K Myers, R Chapman (London, Hammersmith); J R Hayes, R W Henry, M S Featherston, G P R Archbold, M Copeland, R Harper, I Richardson, S Martin, M Foster, H A Davison (City Hospital, Belfast); L Alexander, J H B Scarpello, D E Shiers, R J Tucker, J R H Worthington, S Angris, A Bates, J Walton, M Teasdale, J Browne, S Stanley, B A Davis, R C Strange (Stoke-on-Trent); D R Hadden, L Kennedy, A B Atkinson, P M Bell, D R McCance, J Rutherford, A M Culbert, C Hegan, H Tennet, N Webb, I Robinson, J Holmes, M Foster, J Rutherford, S Nesbitt (Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast); A S Spathis, S Hyer, M E Nanson, L M James, J M Tyrell, C Davis, P Strugnell, M Booth, H Petrie, D Clark, B Rice, S Hulland, J L Barron (Carshalton); J S Yudkin, B C Gould, J Singer, A Badenoch, S Walji, M McGregor, L Isenberg, M Eckert, K Alibhai, E Marriot, C Cox, R Price, M Fernandez, A Ryle, S Clarke, G Wallace, E Mehmed, J A Lankester, E Howard, A Waite, S MacFarlane (London, Whittington); R H Greenwood, J Wilson, M J Denholm, R C Temple, K Whitfield, F Johnson, C Munroe, S Gorick, E Duckworth, M Flatman, S Rainbow (Norwich); L J Borthwick, D J Wheatcroft, R J Seaman, R A Christie, W Wheatcroft, P Musk, J White, S McDougal, M Bond, P Raniga (Stevenage); J L Day, M J Doshi, J G Wilson, J R Howard-Williams, H Humphreys, A Graham, K Hicks, S Hexman, P Bayliss, D Pledger (Ipswich); R W Newton, R T Jung, C Roxburgh, B Kilgallon, L Dick, M Foster, N Waugh, S Kilby, A Ellingford, J Burns (Dundee); C V Fox, M C Holloway, H M Coghill, N Hein, A Fox, W Cowan, M Richard, K Quested, S J Evans (Northampton); R B Paisey, N P R Brown, A J Tucker, R Paisey, F Garrett, J Hogg, P Park, K Williams, P Harvey, R Wilcocks, S Mason, J Frost, C Warren, P Rocket, L Bower (Torbay); J M Roland, D J Brown, J Youens, K Stanton-King, H Mungall, V Ball, W Maddison, D Donnelly, S King, P Griffin, S Smith, S Church, G Dunn, A Wilson, K Palmer (Peterborough); P M Brown, D Humphriss, A J M Davidson, R Rose, L Armistead, S Townsend, P Poon (Scarborough); I D A Peacock, N J C Culverwell, M H Charlton, B P S Connolly, J Peacock, J Barrett, J Wain, W Beeston, G King, P G Hill (Derby); A J M Boulton, A M Robertson, V Katoulis, A Olukoga, H McDonald, S Kumar, F Abouaesha, B Abuaisha, E A Knowles, S Higgins, J Booker, J Sunter, K Breislin, R Parker, P Raval, J Curwell, H Davenport, G Shawcross, A Prest, J Grey, H Cole, C Sereviratne (Manchester); R J Young, T L Dornan, J R Clyne, M Gibson, I O'Connell, L M Wong, S J Wilson, K L Wright, C Wallace, D McDowell (Salford); A C Burden, E M Sellen, R Gregory, M Roshan, N Vaghela, M Burden, C Sherriff, S Mansingh, J Clarke, J Grenfell (Leicester); J E Tooke, K MacLeod, C Seamark, M Rammell, C Pym, J Stockman, C Yeo, J Piper, L Leighton, E Green, M Hoyle, K Jones, A Hudson, A J James, A Shore, A Higham, B Martin (Exeter)

UKPDS data committee: C A Cull, V Frighi, R R Holman, S E Manley, D R Matthews, H A W Neil, I M Stratton, R C Turner.

Data monitoring and ethics committee: W J H Butterfield, W R S Doll, R Eastman, F R Ferris, R R Holman, N Kurinij, R Peto, K McPherson, R F Mahler, T W Meade, G Shafer, R C Turner, P J Watkins.

Policy advisory group: C V Fox, D R Hadden, R R Holman, D R Matthews, R C Turner, A D Wright, J S Yudkin.

Steering committee for glucose study: D J Betteridge, R D Cohen, D Currie, J Darbyshire, J V Forrester, T Guppy, R R Holman, D G Johnston, A McGuire, M Murphy, A M el-Nahas, B Pentecost, D Spiegelhalter, R C Turner.

Additional funding: Medical Research Council, British Diabetic Association, the UK Department of Health, the US National Eye Institute and the US National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease in the National Institutes of Health, United States, the British Heart Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust, the Clothworkers' Foundation, the Health Promotion Research Trust, the Alan and Babette Sainsbury Trust, The Oxford University Medical Research Fund Committee. Novo-Nordisk, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoechst, Lilly, Lipha and Farmitalia Carlo Erba. British Diabetic Association members. GlaxoWellcome, SmithKline Beecham, Pfizer, Zeneca, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Boehringer Mannheim, Becton Dickinson, Owen Mumford, Securicor, Kodak and Cortecs Diagnostics.