Key references prior to 2000
1. Widdowson EM, McCance RA. The absorption and excretion of iron before, during and after a period of very high intake. Biochem J. 1937;31:2029�2034.
2. Hahn PF, Bale WF, Lawrence EO, Whipple GH. Radioactive iron and its metabolism in anemia : its absorption, transportation, and utilization. J Exp Med. 1939;69:739�753.
3. Hahn PF, Bale WF, Hettig RA, Kamen MD, Whipple GH. Radioactive iron and its excretion in urine, bile, and feces. J Exp Med. 1939;70:443�451.
4. Saylor L, Finch CA. Determination of iron absorption using two isotopes of iron. Am J Physiol 1953;172:372�376.
5. Noyes WD, Bothwell TH, Finch CA. The role of the reticulo-endothelial cell in iron metabolism. Br J Haematol. 1960;6:43�55.
6. Freireich EM, Miller A, Emerson C.P., Ross JF. The effect of inflammation on the utilization of erythrocyte and transferrin-bound radio-iron for red cell production. Blood. 1957;12:972.
7. Greenberg GR, Ashenbrucker H, Lauritsen M et al. The anemia of infection. V. Fate of injected radioactive iron in the presence of inflammation. J Clin Invest. 1947;26:121�125.
8. Gubler CJ, Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM. The anemia of infection. X. The effect of infection on the absorption and storage of iron by the rat. J Biol Chem. 1950;184:563�574.
9. Bush JA, Ashenbrucker H, Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM. The anemia of infection. XX. The kinetics of iron metabolism in the anemia associated with chronic infection. J Clin Invest. 1956;35:89�97.
10. Cartwright GE. The anemia of chronic disorders. Semin Hematol. 1966;3:351�375.
11. Cartwright GE, Lee GR. The anaemia of chronic disorders. Br J Haematol. 1971;21:147�152.
12. Beutler E, Buttenwieser E. The regulation of iron absorption. I. A search for humoral factors. J Lab Clin Med. 1960;55:274�280.
13. Krantz SB, Goldwasser E, Jacobson LO. Studies on Erythropoiesis. XIV. The Relationship of Humoral Stimulation to Iron Absorption. Blood. 1959;14:654�661.
14. Manis J, Schachter D. Active transport of iron by intestine: mucosal iron pools. Am J Physiol. 1964;207:893�900.
15. Manis JG, Schachter D. Active transport of iron by intestine: effects of oral iron and pregnancy. Am J Physiol. 1962;203:81�86.
16. Wheby MS, Jones LG, Crosby WH. Studies on Iron Absorption. Intestinal Regulatory Mechanisms. J Clin Invest. 1964;43:1433�1442.
17. Powell LW, Campbell CB, Wilson E. Intestinal mucosal uptake of iron and iron retention in idiopathic haemochromatosis as evidence for a mucosal abnormality. Gut. 1970;11:727�731.
18. Pippard MJ, Warner GT, Callender ST, Weatherall DJ. Iron absorption and loading in β-thalassemia intermedia. The Lancet. 1979;314:819�821.
19. Feder JN, Gnirke A, Thomas W et al. A novel MHC class I-like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis. Nat Genet. 1996;13:399�408.