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Fig. S1. Expression of the C. elegans Wnt genes during the first stage of larval development. (A) Expression of the five Wnt genes in early (closed lines) and late (dotted lines) L1 larvae. Error bars indicate s.e.m. (B) The left and the right CAN neurons simultaneously induce cwn-1 expression during L1 development. The CAN neurons are visualized using a Pkal-1::gfp reporter. (C) Quantification of total Wnt smFISH spots during L1 larval development. (D) Measurements of mom-2 smFISH spots in the germ line precursor cells and cells in the tail during L1 larval development. (E) Quantification of sfrp-1 smFISH spots in the head and in tail neurons during L1 larval development.
Fig. S2. sfrp-1 encodes a secreted Frizzled-related protein. (A) Phylogenetic analysis of SFRPs family members of the chordates Ciona intestinalis (ci) and Homo sapiens (hs), the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (sm), the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ce), the arthropod Ixodes scapularis (is), the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis (nv) and the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica (aq). SFRPs cluster in two clades (Adamska et al., 2010): the SFRP1/2/5 cluster (pink), which includes C. elegans sfrp-1, and the SFRP3/4 cluster (green). The A. queenslandica SFRPs cluster separately, suggesting that the species diverged before the SFRP duplication. C. elegans CAM-1/ROR contains a CRD domain that is related to the CRD domain of SFRPs. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with ClustalW (using default parameter settings) (B) Schematic representation of the C. elegans sfrp-1 (Y73B6BL.21) gene structure and protein domains. The sfrp-1 deletion gk554 is a 1261 bp deletion that truncates the sfrp-1 gene upstream of the CRD and NTR domains.
Fig. S3. sfrp-1 suppresses the QR.d undermigration induced by hypomorphic Wnt secretion mutants. The final positions of QR.paa and QR.pap cells are indicated relative to the seam cells V1 to V6 (n>50). The broken line indicates the wild-type position.
Fig. S4. The sfrp-1 induced undermigration of the ALM neurons is not suppressed by mutation of lin-44, egl-20 or mom-2. (A) Schematic representation of ALM migration. (B) The final positions of the ALML and ALMR neurons are indicated relative to the seam cells V1 to V6 (n>50). The broken line indicates the wild-type position.
Fig. S5. The sfrp-1 induced undermigration of the CAN neurons is suppressed by mutation of cwn-1 or cwn-2. (A) Schematic representation of the CAN neuron migration. (B) The final positions of the CANL and CANR neurons are indicated relative to the seam cells V1 to V6 (n>50). The broken line indicates the wild-type position.
