Key to Palaearctic species of the genus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Neoneurus</tp:taxon-name></italic> Haliday

Gómez Durán

José-María

van Achterberg

Cornelis

Oviposition behaviour of four ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini and Ichneumonidae, Hybrizontinae), with the description of three new European species

Zookeys2682011201112559106

10.3897/zookeys.125.1754

Neoneurus

http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoneurus

Haliday, 1838

Fig. 44

Neoneurus

Haliday, 1838: 213 (no species). Type species (= first species included by Marshall (1897):

Neoneurus halidaii

Marshall, 1897 (examined; =

Neoneurus auctus

(Thomson, 1895); examined).

Key to Palaearctic species of the genus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Neoneurus</tp:taxon-name></italic> Haliday

1	Females: third and following antennal segments with short and adpressed setae; fore tibia widened subbasally (Figs 46, 49); metasoma apically with a strongly downcurved ovipositor and a short and elliptical ovipositor sheath (Fig. 53)	2
–	Males: third and following antennal segments with medium-sized and erect setae; fore tibia narrow subbasally (Figs 47, 50); ovipositor and ovipositor sheath absent	7Note. Males are unknown of the C. Asian Neoneurus curvicalcar Belokobylskij, 1986, and the European Neoneurus vesculussp. n. and Neoneurus recticalcar sp. n.
2	Fore femur straight in dorsal view (Fig. 45) and comparatively narrow in lateral view (Fig. 46); face without facial tubercles and bristles (Fig. 48); fore tibia without protuberances (Fig. 46); fore basitarsus 0.7–0.9 times as long as fore tibia (Fig. 46); [fore tibial spur 0.3–0.5 times hind basitarsus and its apical half narrow (Fig. 46); vertex finely transversely striate or rugulose; tegulae pale yellowish; anterior subalar prominence pale dark brown; pedicellus brown, darker than yellowish scapus; only European species with entirely black or dark brown metasoma]; W & E Palaearctic	Neoneurus auctus (Thomson, 1895)
–	Fore femur curved in dorsal view (Figs 51, 56, 59, 69) and comparatively wide in lateral view (Figs 50, 58, 70); face with pair of facial tubercles and a central bristle (Figs 52, 57, 60, 62, 67); fore tibia with protuberances (Figs 49, 55, 58, 63, 68); fore basitarsus about 0.5 times as long as fore tibia and apical half gradually narrowed (Figs 49, 55, 58)	3
3	Anterior subbasal tooth of fore tibia minute (Figs 49, 55); posterior longitudinal carina of fore tibia short (Figs 49, 55)	4
–	Anterior subbasal tooth of fore tibia wide triangular (Figs 58, 68); posterior longitudinal carina of fore tibia long, surpassing middle of tibia (Fig. 58)	5
4	Fore tibial spur nearly straight and 0.7–0.8 times as long as fore basitarsus (Fig. 55); facial tubercles minute, with slender bristle and distance between bristles 1.2–1.3 times width of scapus (Fig. 57); apical tooth of fore femur medium-sized (Fig. 56); fore tibia 4.5–5.0 times as long as wide (Fig. 57); mesopleuron sometimes partly pale yellowish medially; W Palaearctic	Neoneurus recticalcar van Achterberg, sp. n.
–	Fore tibial spur strongly curved and 0.8–0.9 times as long as fore basitarsus (Fig. 49); facial tubercles medium-sized, with robust bristle and distance between bristles about equal to width of scapus (Fig. 52); apical tooth of fore femur minute (Fig. 51); fore tibia about 6 times as long as wide (Fig. 49); mesopleuron dark brown medially; W & E Palaearctic	Neoneurus clypeatus (Foerster, 1862)
5	Posterior longitudinal carina of fore tibia with a submedial thorn-like protuberance; facial tubercles thick and nearly as long as pedicellus; [fore tibial spur distinctly curved in both sexes]; E Palaearctic (Mongolia)	Neoneurus armatus Tobias, 1977
–	Posterior longitudinal carina of fore tibia without a submedial thorn-like protuberance (Figs 58, 68); facial tubercles shorter than pedicellus (Figs 60, 67)	6
6	Pair of facial bristles minute, 0.2 times as long as pedicellus and distance between bristles about 1.2 times width of scapus (Fig. 60); posterior subbasal tooth of fore tibia small, narrow (Fig. 58); SW Palaearctic	Neoneurus vesculus van Achterberg & Gómez, sp. n.
–	Pair of facial bristles medium-sized, about as long as pedicellus and distance between bristles about equal to width of scapus (Fig. 67); posterior subbasal tooth of fore tibia medium-sized, wide triangular or falcate (Fig. 68); E Palaearctic (Kazakhstan)	Neoneurus curvicalcar Belokobylskij, 1986
7	Hind femur partly dark brown or black; fore tibial spur strongly curved; [vertex finely granulate; clypeus black]; Mongolia	Neoneurus armatus Tobias, 1977
–	Hind femur yellowish-brown or brown, sometimes infuscate basally; fore tibial spur moderately curved or nearly straight (Figs 47, 50)	8
8	Length of fore tarsus 1.8–2.0 times fore tibia and tibia widened apically (Fig. 47); fore tibial spur straight or nearly so and with medium-sized setae (Fig. 47); clypeus with satin sheen and transversely striate; epistomal suture obsolescent laterally; vertex dorsally transversely striate or rugulose; W & E Palaearctic	Neoneurus auctus (Thomson, 1895)
–	Length of fore tarsus 1.2–1.5 times fore tibia and tibia slender apically (Fig. 50); fore tibial spur moderately curved and with short setae (Fig. 50); clypeus shiny and smooth or nearly so; epistomal suture distinct laterally; vertex dorsally finely granulate or coriaceous; W & E Palaearctic	Neoneurus clypeatus (Foerster, 1862)

Figure 44.

Neoneurus auctus (Thomson), female, Netherlands, Oostkapelle. Habitus lateral.

Figures 45–48.

Neoneurus auctus (Thomson), female, Netherlands, Oostkapelle, but 47 male, Norway, Lom. 49–52. Neoneurus clypeatus (Foerster), female, Netherlands, Meijendel, but 50 male of same locality. 45–51 fore femur dorsal 46, 47, 49, 50 fore leg inner side lateral 48, 52 face dorsal. ast anterior subbasal tooth at apical tooth plc posterior longitudinal carina.

Figure 53.

Neoneurus clypeatus (Foerster), female, Netherlands, ‘t Harde. Habitus lateral.

Figure 2.

1 female of Elasmosoma luxemburgense approaches the ant’s metasoma with the hind legs extended in curved shape (arrow) 2 the fore legs are darted forward (arrow) 3 when alighting the hind legs brace the apex of the ant’s metasoma (arrow).

Figures 55–57.

Neoneurus recticalcar sp. n., female, holotype. 58–60. Neoneurus vesculus sp. n., female, holotype. 55, 58 fore leg inner side lateral 56, 59 fore femur dorsal 57, 60 face dorsal. 55–57 scale-line = 1.0× 58–60 1.2×. ast = anterior subbasal tooth at apical tooth plc posterior longitudinal carina pst posterior subbasal tooth.

Figures 67–71.

Neoneurus curvicalcar Belokobylskij, female, holotype. 67 head dorsal 68 fore tibia inner side lateral 69 fore femur dorsal 70 fore femur lateral 71 fore tibial spur. After Belokobylskij (1986).

Figure 62.

Female of Neoneurus vesculussp. n. 1 standing on the ground 2 on a grass stem and 3 hovering over the nest entrance.

Figure 63.

1 female of Neoneurus vesculussp. n. hovering over the nest entrance 2 worker of Formica cunicularia showing the mesonotum (yellow arrow) where the wasp’s head will hit, and the mesopleuron (red arrow) that will be braced by the wasp’s legs 3 after the first hit, the wasp’s metasoma is positioned vertically and its wings are folded.

Haliday

(1838) Essay on the classification of parasitic Hymenoptera.Entomological magazine5(3): 209–248.

Marshall

(1897) Rare Hymenoptera and Diptera in Cornwall.Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 33: 149-150.