############################################################################## # # # This CIF contains the data in a paper accepted for publication in # # Acta Crystallographica Section E. It conforms to the requirements of # # Notes for Authors for Acta Crystallographica Section E, and has been # # peer reviewed under the auspices of the IUCr Commission on Journals. # # # # Full details of the Crystallographic Information File format # # are given in the paper "The Crystallographic Information File (CIF): # # a New Standard Archive File for Crystallography" by S. R. Hall, F. H. # # Allen and I. D. Brown [Acta Cryst. (1991), A47, 655-685]. # # # # The current version of the core CIF dictionary is obtainable from # # ftp://ftp.iucr.org/pub/cif_core.dic. # # # # Software is freely available for graphical display of the structure(s) # # in this CIF. For information consult the CIF software page # # http://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/software. # # # # This file may be used for bona fide research purposes within the # # scientific community so long as proper attribution is given to the journal # # article from which it was obtained. # # # ############################################################################## data_I _audit_creation_method SHELXL-97 _chemical_name_systematic ; N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-bis(pyridin-2-yl)methanediamine ; _chemical_name_common ? _chemical_formula_moiety 'C13 H16 N4' _chemical_formula_sum 'C13 H16 N4' _chemical_formula_iupac 'C13 H16 N4' _chemical_formula_weight 228.30 _chemical_melting_point ? _symmetry_cell_setting monoclinic _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 21/n' _symmetry_space_group_name_hall -P2yn _space_group_name_Hall '-P 2yn' loop_ _symmetry_equiv_pos_as_xyz 'x, y, z' '-x+1/2, y+1/2, -z+1/2' '-x, -y, -z' 'x-1/2, -y-1/2, z-1/2' _cell_length_a 11.6652(7) _cell_length_b 8.3921(5) _cell_length_c 12.8966(7) _cell_angle_alpha 90.00 _cell_angle_beta 106.634(2) _cell_angle_gamma 90.00 _cell_volume 1209.69(12) _cell_formula_units_Z 4 _cell_measurement_reflns_used 2516 _cell_measurement_theta_min 2.08 _cell_measurement_theta_max 26.53 _cell_measurement_temperature 100(2) _exptl_crystal_description rod _exptl_crystal_colour colourless _exptl_crystal_size_max 0.12 _exptl_crystal_size_mid 0.08 _exptl_crystal_size_min 0.08 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 1.254 _exptl_crystal_density_meas ? _exptl_crystal_density_method 'not measured' _exptl_crystal_F_000 488 _exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu 0.079 _exptl_absorpt_correction_type multi-scan _exptl_absorpt_process_details '(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)' _exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min 0.9633 _exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max 0.9858 _exptl_special_details ? _diffrn_ambient_temperature 100(2) _diffrn_radiation_type MoK\a _diffrn_radiation_wavelength 0.71073 _diffrn_radiation_source 'fine-focus sealed tube' _diffrn_radiation_monochromator graphite _diffrn_measurement_device_type 'Bruker APEXII' _diffrn_measurement_method \q/2\f _diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean ? _diffrn_reflns_number 27844 _diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents 0.0504 _diffrn_reflns_av_sigmaI/netI 0.0258 _diffrn_reflns_theta_min 2.08 _diffrn_reflns_theta_max 26.53 _diffrn_reflns_theta_full 26.53 _diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max 0.999 _diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full 0.999 _diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min -14 _diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max 14 _diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min -10 _diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max 10 _diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min -16 _diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max 14 _diffrn_standards_number 4 _diffrn_standards_interval_count ? _diffrn_standards_interval_time 30 _diffrn_standards_decay_% 0.00 _refine_special_details ; Refinement of F^2^ against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F^2^, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F^2^. The threshold expression of F^2^ > \s(F^2^) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F^2^ are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. ; _reflns_number_total 2516 _reflns_number_gt 2105 _reflns_threshold_expression I>2sigma(I) _refine_ls_structure_factor_coef Fsqd _refine_ls_matrix_type full _refine_ls_R_factor_all 0.0467 _refine_ls_R_factor_gt 0.0378 _refine_ls_wR_factor_gt 0.1156 _refine_ls_wR_factor_ref 0.1250 _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref 0.963 _refine_ls_restrained_S_all 0.963 _refine_ls_number_reflns 2516 _refine_ls_number_parameters 218 _refine_ls_number_restraints 0 _refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment refall _refine_ls_weighting_scheme calc _refine_ls_weighting_details 'calc w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.1000P)^2^+0.0000P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3' _atom_sites_solution_hydrogens geom _atom_sites_solution_primary direct _atom_sites_solution_secondary difmap _refine_ls_shift/su_max 0.000 _refine_ls_shift/su_mean 0.000 _refine_diff_density_max 0.225 _refine_diff_density_min -0.206 _refine_ls_extinction_method none _refine_ls_extinction_coef ? loop_ _atom_type_symbol _atom_type_description _atom_type_scat_dispersion_real _atom_type_scat_dispersion_imag _atom_type_scat_source 'C' 'C' 0.0033 0.0016 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4' 'H' 'H' 0.0000 0.0000 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4' 'N' 'N' 0.0061 0.0033 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4' _computing_data_collection 'APEX2 (Bruker, 2007)' _computing_cell_refinement 'SAINT (Bruker, 2007)' _computing_data_reduction 'SAINT (Bruker, 2007)' _computing_structure_solution 'SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008)' _computing_structure_refinement 'SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008)' _computing_molecular_graphics 'DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Putz, 2005)' _computing_publication_material 'SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008)' loop_ _atom_site_type_symbol _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z _atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv _atom_site_adp_type _atom_site_calc_flag _atom_site_refinement_flags _atom_site_occupancy _atom_site_symmetry_multiplicity _atom_site_disorder_assembly _atom_site_disorder_group N N1 0.43474(8) 0.22148(11) 0.82931(7) 0.0194(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . N N2 0.61745(8) 0.11262(11) 0.82658(8) 0.0203(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . N N3 0.59838(8) -0.15394(11) 0.89105(8) 0.0189(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . N N4 0.79220(8) -0.22454(12) 0.98754(7) 0.0182(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C1 0.34526(10) 0.32394(15) 0.78856(9) 0.0211(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C2 0.33876(11) 0.42500(14) 0.70242(9) 0.0214(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C3 0.43186(10) 0.41792(14) 0.65514(9) 0.0200(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C4 0.52555(10) 0.31431(14) 0.69472(9) 0.0173(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C5 0.52473(10) 0.21664(13) 0.78366(9) 0.0160(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C6 0.71691(12) 0.09942(17) 0.78056(12) 0.0272(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C7 0.62117(10) 0.01339(13) 0.91939(9) 0.0173(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C8 0.47475(11) -0.19594(16) 0.83643(11) 0.0240(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C9 0.67862(10) -0.27049(13) 0.94043(8) 0.0163(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C10 0.64315(11) -0.43154(14) 0.93928(9) 0.0205(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C11 0.72811(12) -0.54307(15) 0.98755(9) 0.0248(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C12 0.84533(12) -0.49686(15) 1.03581(9) 0.0255(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . C C13 0.87199(11) -0.33721(14) 1.03368(9) 0.0221(3) Uani d . 1 1 . . H H1 0.2816(13) 0.3259(16) 0.8256(12) 0.031(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H2 0.2701(12) 0.4955(17) 0.6790(10) 0.029(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H3 0.4313(12) 0.4841(17) 0.5946(11) 0.028(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H4 0.5883(13) 0.3065(16) 0.6629(11) 0.025(3) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H5 0.7601(15) 0.201(2) 0.7856(14) 0.048(5) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H6 0.7696(15) 0.022(2) 0.8232(13) 0.047(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H7 0.6898(15) 0.059(2) 0.7046(14) 0.045(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H8 0.5576(11) 0.0536(14) 0.9520(10) 0.018(3) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H9 0.6997(13) 0.0194(15) 0.9712(11) 0.023(3) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H10 0.4350(13) -0.1019(18) 0.8023(12) 0.032(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H11 0.4723(12) -0.2806(19) 0.7818(13) 0.035(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H12 0.4316(13) -0.2327(17) 0.8900(12) 0.033(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H13 0.5616(13) -0.4628(16) 0.9100(11) 0.028(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H14 0.7042(13) -0.6532(18) 0.9862(12) 0.032(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H15 0.9091(13) -0.5706(18) 1.0696(11) 0.033(4) Uiso d . 1 1 . . H H16 0.9557(12) -0.3009(15) 1.0693(11) 0.021(3) Uiso d . 1 1 . . loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 N1 0.0190(5) 0.0203(5) 0.0189(5) 0.0021(4) 0.0054(4) 0.0009(4) N2 0.0208(5) 0.0187(5) 0.0239(5) 0.0052(4) 0.0102(4) 0.0059(4) N3 0.0177(5) 0.0145(5) 0.0211(5) -0.0003(4) 0.0003(4) 0.0002(4) N4 0.0185(5) 0.0185(5) 0.0166(5) 0.0017(4) 0.0035(4) 0.0008(4) C1 0.0178(6) 0.0235(6) 0.0218(6) 0.0025(5) 0.0051(5) -0.0018(5) C2 0.0200(6) 0.0186(6) 0.0218(6) 0.0038(5) -0.0002(5) -0.0010(5) C3 0.0260(6) 0.0146(6) 0.0170(6) -0.0035(5) 0.0021(5) 0.0005(4) C4 0.0186(6) 0.0159(6) 0.0177(6) -0.0029(4) 0.0055(5) -0.0019(4) C5 0.0178(6) 0.0133(6) 0.0162(5) -0.0015(4) 0.0037(4) -0.0029(4) C6 0.0236(7) 0.0254(7) 0.0363(8) 0.0077(6) 0.0145(6) 0.0075(6) C7 0.0197(6) 0.0149(6) 0.0159(6) 0.0004(5) 0.0030(5) 0.0000(4) C8 0.0196(6) 0.0204(7) 0.0274(7) -0.0006(5) -0.0007(5) -0.0002(5) C9 0.0208(6) 0.0172(6) 0.0120(5) 0.0008(5) 0.0063(4) 0.0005(4) C10 0.0254(7) 0.0185(6) 0.0178(6) -0.0024(5) 0.0067(5) -0.0015(4) C11 0.0400(8) 0.0151(6) 0.0208(6) 0.0022(5) 0.0111(6) 0.0001(5) C12 0.0342(7) 0.0219(6) 0.0202(6) 0.0119(5) 0.0072(5) 0.0039(5) C13 0.0224(6) 0.0258(7) 0.0173(6) 0.0063(5) 0.0044(5) 0.0011(5) _geom_special_details ; All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. ; loop_ _geom_bond_atom_site_label_1 _geom_bond_atom_site_label_2 _geom_bond_site_symmetry_2 _geom_bond_distance _geom_bond_publ_flag N1 C1 . 1.3382(15) ? N1 C5 . 1.3431(15) ? N2 C5 . 1.3769(15) ? N2 C7 . 1.4485(14) ? N2 C6 . 1.4508(15) ? N3 C9 . 1.3773(15) ? N3 C8 . 1.4556(15) ? N3 C7 . 1.4563(15) ? N4 C13 . 1.3406(15) ? N4 C9 . 1.3463(15) ? C1 C2 . 1.3823(17) ? C1 H1 . 0.992(15) ? C2 C3 . 1.3907(17) ? C2 H2 . 0.972(14) ? C3 C4 . 1.3753(17) ? C3 H3 . 0.957(15) ? C4 C5 . 1.4121(16) ? C4 H4 . 0.938(15) ? C6 H5 . 0.983(17) ? C6 H6 . 0.951(18) ? C6 H7 . 0.998(17) ? C7 H8 . 1.010(13) ? C7 H9 . 0.968(14) ? C8 H10 . 0.957(16) ? C8 H11 . 0.996(16) ? C8 H12 . 1.012(16) ? C9 C10 . 1.4123(16) ? C10 C11 . 1.3756(17) ? C10 H13 . 0.954(14) ? C11 C12 . 1.3858(19) ? C11 H14 . 0.964(15) ? C12 C13 . 1.3775(18) ? C12 H15 . 0.969(15) ? C13 H16 . 1.001(14) ? loop_ _geom_angle_atom_site_label_1 _geom_angle_atom_site_label_2 _geom_angle_atom_site_label_3 _geom_angle_site_symmetry_1 _geom_angle_site_symmetry_3 _geom_angle _geom_angle_publ_flag C1 N1 C5 . . 117.83(10) ? C5 N2 C7 . . 122.07(9) ? C5 N2 C6 . . 120.81(10) ? C7 N2 C6 . . 117.12(9) ? C9 N3 C8 . . 119.99(10) ? C9 N3 C7 . . 121.18(9) ? C8 N3 C7 . . 116.06(10) ? C13 N4 C9 . . 117.83(10) ? N1 C1 C2 . . 124.54(11) ? N1 C1 H1 . . 115.4(8) ? C2 C1 H1 . . 120.0(8) ? C1 C2 C3 . . 117.13(11) ? C1 C2 H2 . . 118.3(8) ? C3 C2 H2 . . 124.6(8) ? C4 C3 C2 . . 120.11(11) ? C4 C3 H3 . . 119.2(9) ? C2 C3 H3 . . 120.7(9) ? C3 C4 C5 . . 118.62(11) ? C3 C4 H4 . . 121.2(9) ? C5 C4 H4 . . 120.1(9) ? N1 C5 N2 . . 117.75(10) ? N1 C5 C4 . . 121.76(10) ? N2 C5 C4 . . 120.49(10) ? N2 C6 H5 . . 111.2(10) ? N2 C6 H6 . . 106.0(10) ? H5 C6 H6 . . 108.4(14) ? N2 C6 H7 . . 111.2(10) ? H5 C6 H7 . . 111.7(14) ? H6 C6 H7 . . 108.0(13) ? N2 C7 N3 . . 112.76(9) ? N2 C7 H8 . . 107.5(7) ? N3 C7 H8 . . 108.9(7) ? N2 C7 H9 . . 109.8(8) ? N3 C7 H9 . . 107.0(8) ? H8 C7 H9 . . 111.0(10) ? N3 C8 H10 . . 107.8(9) ? N3 C8 H11 . . 109.9(8) ? H10 C8 H11 . . 110.5(12) ? N3 C8 H12 . . 111.2(8) ? H10 C8 H12 . . 107.2(12) ? H11 C8 H12 . . 110.2(13) ? N4 C9 N3 . . 117.13(10) ? N4 C9 C10 . . 121.76(10) ? N3 C9 C10 . . 121.10(10) ? C11 C10 C9 . . 118.39(11) ? C11 C10 H13 . . 119.9(9) ? C9 C10 H13 . . 121.6(8) ? C10 C11 C12 . . 120.22(12) ? C10 C11 H14 . . 118.5(9) ? C12 C11 H14 . . 121.3(9) ? C13 C12 C11 . . 117.55(11) ? C13 C12 H15 . . 118.8(9) ? C11 C12 H15 . . 123.7(9) ? N4 C13 C12 . . 124.25(12) ? N4 C13 H16 . . 116.8(7) ? C12 C13 H16 . . 118.9(7) ? loop_ _geom_hbond_atom_site_label_D _geom_hbond_atom_site_label_H _geom_hbond_atom_site_label_A _geom_hbond_site_symmetry_A _geom_hbond_distance_DH _geom_hbond_distance_HA _geom_hbond_distance_DA _geom_hbond_angle_DHA C1 H1 Cg2 3_657 0.99(2) 2.64(2) 3.4840(10) 143.0(10) C6 H7 Cg2 2_656 1.00(2) 2.75(2) 3.545(2) 137.0(10) C10 H13 Cg1 1_545 0.95(2) 2.900(10) 3.6370(10) 135.0(10) _iucr_refine_instructions_details ; TITL p21n in P2(1)/n CELL 0.71073 11.6652 8.3921 12.8966 90.000 106.634 90.000 ZERR 4.00 0.0007 0.0005 0.0007 0.000 0.002 0.000 LATT 1 SYMM 0.5-X, 0.5+Y, 0.5-Z SFAC C H N UNIT 52 64 16 TEMP -197 L.S. 16 BOND FMAP 2 PLAN 5 ACTA WGHT 0.100000 FVAR 0.21834 N1 3 0.434735 0.221485 0.829311 11.00000 0.01903 0.02032 = 0.01887 0.00088 0.00543 0.00215 N2 3 0.617454 0.112617 0.826583 11.00000 0.02076 0.01869 = 0.02388 0.00593 0.01021 0.00522 N3 3 0.598382 -0.153945 0.891055 11.00000 0.01767 0.01453 = 0.02112 0.00016 0.00029 -0.00026 N4 3 0.792198 -0.224545 0.987539 11.00000 0.01847 0.01847 = 0.01661 0.00081 0.00351 0.00165 C1 1 0.345257 0.323939 0.788558 11.00000 0.01783 0.02345 = 0.02176 -0.00185 0.00511 0.00253 C2 1 0.338760 0.425001 0.702423 11.00000 0.02002 0.01864 = 0.02181 -0.00095 -0.00017 0.00377 C3 1 0.431861 0.417915 0.655137 11.00000 0.02602 0.01460 = 0.01698 0.00046 0.00210 -0.00352 C4 1 0.525551 0.314314 0.694716 11.00000 0.01865 0.01586 = 0.01770 -0.00189 0.00549 -0.00293 C5 1 0.524726 0.216645 0.783665 11.00000 0.01781 0.01328 = 0.01619 -0.00287 0.00369 -0.00149 C6 1 0.716911 0.099416 0.780557 11.00000 0.02360 0.02535 = 0.03634 0.00747 0.01448 0.00770 C7 1 0.621168 0.013393 0.919390 11.00000 0.01975 0.01493 = 0.01586 -0.00003 0.00300 0.00044 C8 1 0.474750 -0.195936 0.836434 11.00000 0.01958 0.02036 = 0.02738 -0.00019 -0.00071 -0.00062 C9 1 0.678616 -0.270491 0.940429 11.00000 0.02077 0.01715 = 0.01204 0.00046 0.00626 0.00081 C10 1 0.643154 -0.431543 0.939275 11.00000 0.02543 0.01848 = 0.01784 -0.00155 0.00668 -0.00243 C11 1 0.728108 -0.543066 0.987550 11.00000 0.03996 0.01513 = 0.02078 0.00014 0.01110 0.00223 C12 1 0.845333 -0.496857 1.035814 11.00000 0.03423 0.02186 = 0.02021 0.00387 0.00725 0.01190 C13 1 0.871990 -0.337207 1.033680 11.00000 0.02235 0.02580 = 0.01733 0.00109 0.00445 0.00629 H1 2 0.281564 0.325881 0.825588 11.00000 0.03125 H2 2 0.270082 0.495510 0.679016 11.00000 0.02890 H3 2 0.431347 0.484132 0.594553 11.00000 0.02778 H4 2 0.588277 0.306517 0.662932 11.00000 0.02483 H5 2 0.760080 0.201034 0.785636 11.00000 0.04850 H6 2 0.769636 0.022475 0.823174 11.00000 0.04692 H7 2 0.689845 0.059283 0.704550 11.00000 0.04509 H8 2 0.557578 0.053627 0.951979 11.00000 0.01782 H9 2 0.699698 0.019433 0.971164 11.00000 0.02263 H10 2 0.434954 -0.101892 0.802276 11.00000 0.03239 H11 2 0.472255 -0.280644 0.781764 11.00000 0.03473 H12 2 0.431570 -0.232710 0.889957 11.00000 0.03319 H13 2 0.561593 -0.462844 0.910027 11.00000 0.02795 H14 2 0.704160 -0.653164 0.986209 11.00000 0.03153 H15 2 0.909061 -0.570573 1.069561 11.00000 0.03306 H16 2 0.955704 -0.300861 1.069331 11.00000 0.02108 HKLF 4 REM p21n in P2(1)/n REM R1 = 0.0378 for 2105 Fo > 4sig(Fo) and 0.0467 for all 2516 data REM 218 parameters refined using 0 restraints END WGHT 0.0528 0.2108 REM Highest difference peak 0.225, deepest hole -0.206, 1-sigma level 0.040 Q1 1 0.5146 0.2430 0.7290 11.00000 0.05 0.23 Q2 1 0.6580 -0.3515 0.9289 11.00000 0.05 0.18 Q3 1 0.6036 -0.0773 0.9008 11.00000 0.05 0.17 Q4 1 0.8012 -0.1291 0.9998 11.00000 0.05 0.16 Q5 1 0.6165 0.0757 0.8653 11.00000 0.05 0.16 ; data_global _journal_date_recd_electronic 2011-10-22 _journal_date_accepted 2011-11-03 _journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica, Section E' _journal_year 2011 _journal_volume 67 _journal_issue 12 _journal_page_first o3226 _journal_page_last o3226 _journal_paper_category QO _journal_coeditor_code BX2378 _publ_contact_author_name 'Gyungse Park and Dong-Heon Lee' _publ_contact_author_address ; The Department of Chemistry College of Science and Technology Kunsan National University 68 Miryong-Dong, Kusan, Jeollabuk-Do 573-701 Republic of Korea ; _publ_contact_author_email parkg@kunsan.ac.kr _publ_contact_author_fax '+82-63-469-4571' _publ_contact_author_phone '+82-63-469-4572' _publ_section_title ; N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-bis(pyridin-2-yl)methanediamine ; loop_ _publ_author_name _publ_author_footnote _publ_author_address 'Lee, Moon-Sun' . ; Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University Jeonju Chonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea ; 'Yoon, Minyoung' . ; National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules (CSS), Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea ; 'Yang, O-bong' . ; School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering & Solar Energy Research Center Chonbuk National University Jeonju Chonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea ; 'Lee, Dong-Heon' . ; Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University Jeonju Chonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea ; 'Park, Gyungse' ; ; ; The Department of Chemistry College of Science and Technology Kunsan National University 68 Miryong-Dong, Kusan, Jeollabuk-Do 573-701 Republic of Korea ;