Table 1.

Fructose effects on blood chemistry: phosphate, calcium, glucose, fructose, 25-(OH) D₃, 1,25-(OH)₂ D₃ and parathyroid hormone concentrations in the blood as a function of lactation and of diet

Diet	Dam			Virgin			Significance
	Glucose	Fructose	Starch	Glucose	Fructose	Starch	Status	Diet	Diet × status
Phosphate (mg/dl)	5.4 ± 0.6	4.9 ± 0.5	5.1 ± 0.3	6.2 ± 0.7	6.2 ± 0.6	5.2 ± 0.4	0.43	0.487	0.784
Calcium (mg/dl)	11.7 ± 0.1b	10.1 ± 0.2c	10.0 ± 0.1c	12.8 ± 0.1a	12.1 ± 0.4a	12.0 ± 0.2a	<0.001	<0.05	0.862
Glucose (mM)	8.6 ± 1.3b	8.5 ± 0.8b	8.9 ± 1.5b	9.4 ± 0.8b	13.2 ± 1.2a	10.4 ± 0.8a,b	0.018	0.257	0.048
Fructose (mM)	ND	1.1 ± 0.4	ND	ND	0.8 ± 0.2	ND	0.34	<0.05	0.025
25-(OH) D3 (nM)	59 ± 5	59 ± 2	56 ± 2	49 ± 4	47 ± 7	49 ± 5	0.011	0.911	0.827
1,25-(OH)2 D3 (pM)	643 ± 134a	301 ± 59b	559 ± 88a	305 ± 55b	240 ± 34b	294 ± 53b	0.006	0.051	0.298
PTH (pg/ml)	346 ± 69b	781 ± 153a	406 ± 79b	229 ± 72b	242 ± 74b	202 ± 53b	0.034	0.412	0.519

Data are means ± se; n = 5–8/group. Significance determined by 2-way ANOVA. Superscript letters refer to results of LSD post hoc tests after 1-way ANOVA (P<0.05). Means with different superscript letters are significantly different. ND, not detectable.