Table 2.

Lactation and fructose effects on mineral content and mechanical properties of femora from dams and virgin rats fed high levels of glucose, fructose, or starch

Diet	Dam			Virgin			Significance
	Glucose	Fructose	Starch	Glucose	Fructose	Starch	Status	Diet	Status × diet
Body BMC (mg)	5.54 ± 0.13c,b	5.26 ± 0.26c	6.86 ± 0.28a	7.74 ± 0.63a	6.84 ± 0.65a,b	7.97 ± 0.63a	<0.0005	0.046	0.564
Body BMD (g/cm2)	0.115 ± 0.005d,c	0.114 ± 0.002d	0.130 ± 0.003c,b	0.153 ± 0.007a	0.141 ± 0.007b,a	0.155 ± 0.008a	<0.0001	0.056	0.457
Total femur BMC (mg)	0.268 ± 0.011b	0.283 ± 0.08b	0.351 ± 0.023a	0.365 ± 0.042a	0.373 ± 0.026a	0.369 ± 0.033a	0.001	0.057	0.108
Total femur BMD (g/cm2)	0.113 ± 0.002b	0.122 ± 0.003b	0.143 ± 0.006a	0.158 ± 0.01a	0.158 ± 0.006a	0.160 ± 0.08a	<0.0001	0.231	0.247
Neck femur BMC (mg)	0.007 ± 2E−4b	0.007 ± 1.8E−4b	0.008 ± 2.5E−4a	0.009 ± 0.001a	0.009 ± 4.5E−4a	0.009 ± 0.001a	<0.0001	0.288	0.728
Neck femur BMD (g/cm2)	0.119 ± 0.002c	0.130 ± 0.002c	0.145 ± 0.006b	0.170 ± 0.014a	0.166 ± 0.006a	0.174 ± 0.01a	<0.0001	0.123	0.381
Stiffness (N · mm)	284 ± 21a,b	241 ± 13b	313 ± 11a	338 ± 36a	324 ± 22a	300 ± 10a	0.020	0.321	0.070
Torsional rigidity (N · mm/deg)	17727 ± 1935	16693 ± 1963	16449 ± 2121	19991 ± 3367	19468 ± 2195	16948 ± 1847	0.326	0.868	0.278
Shear stress (MPa)	105 ± 7c,b	96 ± 6c	131 ± 8a	127 ± 7a,b	119 ± 8a,b	139 ± 13a	0.021	0.011	0.653
Shear modulus (mm4)	3385 ± 278	3479 ± 332	3662 ± 443	4052 ± 108	4142 ± 473	4359 ± 527	0.046	0.771	0.999

Data are means ± se; n = 5–8 per group Significance determined by 2-way ANOVA. Superscript letters refer to results of LSD post hoc tests after 1-way ANOVA (P<0.05). Means with different superscript letters are significantly different.