LiXi-Yingvan AchterbergCornelisTanJi-CaiRevision of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Hunan (China), including thirty-six new species and two new generaZookeys13220132013268118610.3897/zookeys.268.4071 Apodesmia http://species-id.net/wiki/Apodesmia Foerster, 1862Figs 13–31Apodesmia Foerster, 1862: 259. Type species (by original designation): Apodesmia taeniata Foerster, 1862 [examined].Allotypus Foerster, 1862: 259. Type species (by original designation): Opius irregularis Wesmael, 1835 [examined]. Syn. n.Lemnaphilopius Fischer, 1972b: 70. Type species (by original designation): Opius lemnaphilae Muesebeck, 1939 [examined; according to Fischer (1999) a valid genus with veins cu-a and 2-1A of fore wing reduced]. Syn. n.Agnopius Fischer, 1982: 21. Type species (by original designation): Opius similis Szépligeti, 1898 [examined]. Syn. n.Cryptognathopius Fischer, 1984a: 34. Type species (by original designation): Opius uttoi Fischer, 1971 [examined]. Syn. n.Diagnosis.

Occipital carina present laterally, above mandibular base curved towards and (just) meeting hypostomal carina (Figs 20, 29), near level of middle of eye straight or nearly so, without transverse carina or crest; face without tubercles (Figs 18, 27); scapus, fore coxa and trochanter at most weakly compressed; epistomal suture without large depressions; labrum normal, without emargination ventrally; clypeus not impressed; mandible not abruptly widened basally (but frequently rather gradually widened), without lamella, at most with a fine carina baso-ventrally; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum present (Fig. 24), but rarely absent (Fig. 15); scutellar sulcus wide to rather narrow; postpectal carina absent; sfirst subdiscal cell of fore wing at least partly closed by vein 3-CU1 postero-apically; vein cu-a of hind wing nearly always present (Figs 14, 23); (but Nearctic species may have both veins cu-a of hind wing and CU1b of fore wing absent); vein 3-SR of fore wing distinctly longer than vein 2-SR (Figs 14, 23); vein m-cu of hind wing usually absent or obsolescent, only distinct in type species; first tergite without dorsope (Figs 16, 25); and basal half of third tergite without sharp lateral crease, if sometimes weakly developed then second tergite smooth; length of second and third tergites combined less than 0.7 times length of metasoma behind first tergite; vein 2-SR of fore wing present (Figs 14, 23), rarely reduced; fifth and following tergites partly exposed; ovipositor sheath more or less setose basally (Fig. 31); length of fore wing usually less than 3 mm.

Biology.

Parasitoids of mining Agromyzidae, Anthomyiidae, Lonchaeidae, Scathophagidae and Tephritidae.

Notes.

This Holarctic and Oriental genus has been used mostly as a subgenus (e.g., Fischer 1972b, Chen and Weng 2005 and 21998) but Papp (2002) used it as a valid genus. The definition in these papers is different; its main character, the curvature of the occipital carina, is used here for the first time. The mainly plesiomorphic character states used by other authors result in a mixed group; the curved occipital carina seems to be the best apomorphic character state to separate this group from Opius Wesmael s.l.

Apodesmia bruniclypealis sp. n., male, holotype. Habitus lateral.

Apodesmia bruniclypealis sp. n., male, holotype. 14 Wings 15 mesosoma dorsal 16 propodeum and 1st-3rd metasomal tergites dorsal 17 hind leg 18 head anterior 19 pronope dorsal 20 head lateral 21 antennae.

Apodesmia melliclypealis sp. n., female, holotype. Habitus lateral.

Apodesmia melliclypealis sp. n., female, holotype. 23 Wings 24 mesosoma dorsal 25 propodeum and 1st-3rd metasomal tergites dorsal 26 hind leg 27 head anterior 28 pronope dorsal 29 head lateral 30 antennae 31 ovipositor sheath.

FischerM (1999) Zur Evolution und zum System der Opius-verwandten Gattungen der Unterfamilie Opiinae mit einer erweiterten Aufteilung dieses Gattungs-Komplexes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae).Linzer biologische Beiträge 31: 277-336.FischerM (1972b) Hymenoptera Braconidae (Opiinae I). (Paläarktische Region).Das Tierreich 91: 1-620.ChenJ-HWengR-Q (2005) Systematic studies on Opiinae of China (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fujian, 1–269.TobiasVI (1998) Opiinae: 558–655 In: LerPA (ed.). Key to the insects of Russian Far East.Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 3. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok: 1-706.PappJ (2002) The Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Ferto-Hansag National Park (NW Hungary). The Fauna of the Ferto-Hansag National Park: 557–581.