Electronic Supplementary Material 
 
Table S1 Experimental Conditions
Details of experimental set up conditions and fish husbandryregime 
Parameter Experimental Conditions 
WaterTemperature 28 ± 1⁰C
DissolvedOxygen ≥ 60 %saturation 
pH 6.5 – 8.5
Photoperiod 
12h:12h light:dark 
07:00 – 19:00with an artificial dawn/dusktransition of20 minutes 
Feeding Regime 
2x/day
 freshlyhatched Artemia nauplii (4 %bodyweight per day; ZM PremiumGrade
Artemia, ZM, Hampshire, UK) 
 pelleted food(300 pellet, Special Diets Service, Witham, UK) 
Aquaria 
450x350 x300mmin dimension 
12Lworkingvolumeand aflow-through of6 tankvolumechanges per day.  
Contained acentral spawningsite, consistingofametal tray(150 x100 x 20 mm) filled with 
glass marblesand an artificial weed placed in themiddle.  
Opaque dividers were placed between aquaria to prevent visual interactions between 
neighbouring spawninggroups.
Analysis of clotrimazole
concentrations (μg/L)
(formoreinformation, 
refertoBrownet al., 
2011)
Chemical analysis was undertaken on ExposureDays -1, 1, 5, 8, 14, 21, 30, 41, 54, 68, 82 and
96, in control and exposuretanks. 
Control (0 µgL-1 nominal) 
 Arithmeticmean 2.98 µgL-1 
 Geometricmean 2.87µgL-1 
 95 %CI 0.57
 Limit ofDetection 0.5µgL-1 
Clotrimazole (5µgL-1 nominal) 
 Arithmeticmean 0 µgL-1 
 Geometricmean 0 µgL-1 
 95 %CI 0.1
 Limit ofDetection 0.5µgL-1 
FishHealthand
General Condition 
All fish responded well to feeding and were checked twice daily for any visible signs of ill 
health or abnormal swimming behaviour. Visual observations to confirm normality and 
apparent health ofinternal organsweremadeduringnecropsy. 
 
  Table S2 Fish Size
Standard length and wet weight for zebrafish in each treatment group 
 
Experiment I: averagesizedifferencebetween male fish in spawninggroups 0.017 ± 0.002g
[mean ± standard error]; averagesizedifferencebetween femaleand malefish in spawning
groups 0.092 ± 0.010g 
Experiment II: averagesizedifferencebetween malefish in spawninggroups 0.014 ± 0.003g; 
averagesizedifferencebetween femaleand malefish in spawninggroups 0.090 ± 0.007g 
 
FishSize Control ClotrimazoleExposed(2.9 µg L-1) 
Outbred Inbred Outbred Inbred 
Female Weight (g) 0.321 ±0.02 0.315 ±0.03 0.315 ±0.02 0.331 ±0.02 
StandardLength 
(mm) 
25.98 ±8.2 26.54 ±8.4 26.31 ±8.3 26.31 ±8.3 
Male Weight (g) 0.252 ±0.01 0.241 ±0.01 0.242 ±0.01 0.247 ±0.01 
StandardLength 
(mm) 
25.73 ±5.8 25.72 ±5.8 25.88 ±5.8 25.19 ±5.6