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Supplemental Material and Methods: biomass samples, FISH and aggregation size of anammox bacteria enriched with MBR, phylogenetic analysis, batch experiments, maximum specific growth rate, transmission electron microscopy, analytical procedures; aggregation size distribution of biomass in the MBR (Fig. S1); 2 production of different nitrogen compounds after addition of hydroxylamine and ammonium to anammox enrichment cultures (Fig. S2); evaluation of affinity constants for nitrite and ammonium (Fig. S3); performance of the up-flow glass column reactor for determination of µmax (Fig. S4); nucleotide sequences of primers used in the present study (Table S1); 16S, 16S–23S intergenic spacer region (ISR), and 23S rRNA gene sequence similarity between “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” and ten anammox species (Table S2).
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