Table 3. Definitions of landmarks used in this study
1 |
Intersection of the infratemporal crest and sphenosquamosal suture |
2 |
Most lateral point on the margin of foramen ovale* |
3 |
Most anterior point on the articular surface of the articular eminence |
4 |
Most inferior point on entoglenoid process |
5 |
Most inferior point on the medial margin of the articular surface of the articular eminence |
6 |
Point on the center of the lateral margin of the articular surface of the articular eminence |
7 |
Center of articular eminence |
8 |
Deepest point within mandibular fossa |
9 |
Most inferior point on the postglenoid process |
10 |
Point on anterior margin of tympanic element that is closest to carotid canal |
11 |
Apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone |
12 |
Most posterolateral point on the margin of the carotid canal entrance |
13 |
Most lateral point on the vagina of the styloid process (whether process is present or absent) |
14 |
Most lateral point on the margin of the stylomastoid foramen |
15 |
Most lateral point on the jugular fossa |
16 |
Center of the inferior tip of the mastoid process |
17 |
Most inferior point on the external acoustic meatus |
18 |
Most inferolateral point on the tympanic element of the temporal |
19 |
Point of inflection where the braincase curves laterally into the supraglenoid gutter, in coronal plane of mandibular fossa |
20 |
Point on lateral margin of zygomatic process of the temporal bone at the position of the postglenoid process |
21 |
Auriculare |
22 |
Porion |
Definitions for standard craniometric landmarks follow those by Braeuer [Braeuer, G. (1988) in Anthropologie: Handbuch der Vergleichenden Biologie des Menschen, eds. Martin, R. & Knußman, R. (Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart), pp. 160–232].
*Foramen ovale is the only landmark not on the temporal bone that was included in the analysis.