Supporting Information 
 
Table S1. Aprioriselectionofenvironmentalcovariates for elk (Cervus canadensis 
manitobensis) toderiveresourceselectionfunction models and selectionratiosatthescaleofthe
quarter section(n = 20,970) duringthehuntingseason(Sep-Feb) insouthwesternManitoba, 
Canada. 
  
Covariate Mean±S.E. Description of covariate 
Park 
 
1.67 ±0.01 Minimum distancetoprotected area or refuge
(RMNPandDMPP&F;km) 
Forestbuff 0.20 ±0.01 Proportionofdeciduousforest cover within a 5 km 
buffer around quarter section 
Town 9.08 ±0.12 Minimum distancetotown(km) 
Highway 2.32 ±0.03 Minimum distancetohighway (km) 
Forest 0.18 ±<0.001 Proportionofdeciduousforest cover within the 
quarter section 
Road  0.01 ±<0.001 Densityofroads (km2) 
Crop 0.44 ±0.01 Proportionofannualcereal/oilseed 
Stream 0.79 ±0.01 Minimum distancetostream (km) 
Water 0.03 ±<0.001 Proportionofwater cover includinglakes andrivers 
Forage 0.04 ±<0.001 Proportionofperennialforage crops 
Wetland 0.02 ±<0.001 Proportionofmarsh andfen 
Grassland 0.25 ±<0.001 Proportionofgrassland Table S2. Standardizedparameter estimatesfromlogisticregression resourceselectionfunction
models for collaredandhunter-killedadultfemalesand juvenilemales duringthehuntingseason
(September–March;2002–2012) insouthwestern Manitoba,Canada. Model-averaged β 
coefficient for eachpredictor covariatederived froman average of allpossiblemodelswith a 
change inAkaike value< 2 (ΔAIC, 2.0).CovariatesaredescribedinSupportingInformation,
TableS1. 
 
 
 
  
 CollaredFemales CollaredMales 
Hunter-killed 
Females 
Hunter-killed 
Males 
Covariate β Coefficient β Coefficient β Coefficient β Coefficient 
Park (km) -1.35 -2.70 -0.74 -0.68 
Forest (%) 0.49 0.87 0.78 0.35
Forestbuff(%) -0.61 -0.87 0.73 0.67
Highway (km) 1.39 -- 0.33 0.50
Road (km2) -0.03 -0.22 -0.73 -0.74 
Town(km) 0.91 0.77 0.99 1.44
Grassland (%) -- -- -0.39 -0.13 
Forage(%)  -- -- -- --
Crop(%) -0.09 0.60 -- --
Water (%) -0.04 -0.13 -2.13 -1.96 
Wetland(%) -- -- -0.55 -0.47 
Stream (km) -- -- 1.44 1.49Figure S1. Overallschematicoutlineoftheanalyses tomap diseaserisk managementareas.