Disruption of Putrescine Biosynthesis in Shewanella oneidensis Enhances Biofilm Cohesiveness and Performance in Cr(VI) Immobilization

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  Experimental setup and a schematic illustration of the submerged biofilm reactors used in this study (Fig. S1), illustration of the inverse PCR method used in this study (Fig. S2), hyperadherent phenotype of the mutant strain CP2-1-S1 (compared to S. oneidensis MR-1 WT) (Fig. S3), comparative analysis of the biofilms formed by CP2-1-S1 and the WT on glass beads in submerged biofilm reactors (Fig. S4), representative SEM-EDX spectrum showing Cr precipitates in S. oneidensis biofilms after 56-h exposure to Cr(VI) (Fig. S5), dissolution of CP2-1-S1 biofilms by putrescine (Fig. S6), and primers used for inverse PCR amplification (Table S1).

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