Type III Secretion Needle Proteins Induce Cell Signaling and Cytokine Secretion via Toll-Like Receptors

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  Fig. S1. (A) Coomassie blue-stained SDS-PAGE gel of needle protein purifications and (B) immunoblot of needle proteins probed with anti-His5 antibody. Fig. S2. YscF activation of NF-κB/AP-1 is concentration dependent. Fig. S3. Activation of NF-κB/AP-1 in THP1-XBlue cells by needle proteins is not due to LPS contamination. Fig. S4. His₆-tagged LcrG does not activate NF-κB/AP-1 in THP1-XBlue cells. Fig. S5. Purified needles treated with lipoprotein lipase and polymyxin B indicate that needles cause NF-κB/AP-1 activation.

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