Effects of (p)ppGpp on the Progression of the Cell Cycle of Caulobacter crescentus

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  Fig. S1, RelA′-FLAG is expressed by strain JC820 for up to 8 h after the addition of xylose into rich medium

  Fig. S2, phase contrast and live/dead stained images of cells expressing RelA′-FLAG or control cells

  Fig. S3, very few cells accumulating excess (p)ppGpp can form visible colonies on solid medium

  Fig. S4, cells expressing an inactive RelA′(E335Q)-FLAG protein have the same growth rate and size as control cells, unlike cells expressing an active RelA′-FLAG protein

  Fig. S5, typical fluorescence microscopy images of JC845 cells expressing or not expressing RelA′-FLAG

  Fig. S6, expression of an inactive RelA′(E335Q)-FLAG protein does not increase the proportion of cells with one chromosome

  Fig. S7, typical histograms of the DNA content of JC861 swarmer cells expressing or not expressing RelA′-FLAG for 30 min and treated with rifampicin

  Fig. S8, typical fluorescence microscopy images of JC861 cells expressing or not expressing RelA′-FLAG

  Fig. S9, most (p)ppGpp-accumulating swarmer cells will eventually initiate chromosome replication

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