Table S2.Characteristics ofthestudypopulationby PPH (estimated blood loss 
>500ml)or noPPH,following correctionoferrors, categorisationand weighting. 
 
Demography No PPH PPH >500ml All
No.of women/notesreviewed 653 1242 1895 
No.of womenrepresented(nw) 6585 3352 9937 
Age (years) % of population
<20  5.0 2.8 4.2 
20-24 15.9 8.9 13.5 
25-29 22.4 22.0 22.2 
30-34 32.0 36.6 33.6 
35-39 19.8 22.6 20.7 
40+ 5.0 7.2 5.7 
Ethnicity 
White 61.2 55.3 59.2 
BlackBritish 2.4 1.0 2.0 
BlackCaribbean 4.4 4.2 4.3 
BlackAfrican 14.2 22.3 16.9 
Bangladeshi 2.0 1.1 1.7 
Indian 3.0 3.8 3.3 
Pakistani 3.7 3.9 3.7 
OtherAsian 0.7 0.9 0.8 
Chinese 0.6 1.3 0.8 
Mixed 3.0 1.6 2.6 
Unknown 4.8 4.5 4.7 
Body MassIndex(BMI)(kg/m2) 
<19 6.3 4.8 5.8 
19-24.9 50.8 51.2 50.9 
25-29.9 22.3 22.3 22.3 
30-34.9 10.3 11.9 10.8 
35+ 4.1 4.8 4.4 
Indexofmultiple deprivation 
Quintile 1(least deprived) 7.3 6.6 7.1 
Quintile 2 9.8 10.1 9.9 
Quintile 3 14.1 15.2 14.5 
Quintile 4 29.5 28.0 29.0 
Quniltile 5 (Most deprived) 38.8 39.3 39.0 
Parity    
Primiparity 47.0 58.8 51.0 
Smoking     
Atbooking 13.2 10.2 12.2 
Previous obstetric history (includes primiparouswomen) 
No previous PPH 96.5 94.7 95.9 
1 x previous PPH 3.5 4.8 3.9 
>1previousPPH 0 0.3 0.1 
PreviousCaesarean section 9.2 22.6 13.7 
Pre-existing medicalconditions 
Diabetes 0.9 1.2 1.0 
Epilepsy (onmedication) 0.4 0.7 0.5 
Depression(onmedication) 2.8 2.2 2.6 
Hypertension 0.7 1.6 1.0 
Fibroids 3.8 6.1 4.5 
Female genitalmutilation 2.8 3.3 2.9 
Clotting orthromboembolic 
disorder 
0.6 1.8 1.0 
Uterine abnormality 0.2 0.3 0.2 
Assistedconception  1.3 4.8 2.5 
Currentpregnancy 
Multiple pregnancy 1.8 4.0 2.6 
Antenataladmissions 14.3 19.1 15.9 Anyantenatalday unit 
attendance 
47.3 53.6 49.5 
Abdominalpain 15.7 17.2 16.3 
Itching 2.0 2.3 2.1 
Externalcephalic version 1.3 1.8 1.5 
Pre-eclampsiascreen 6.8 10.7 8.1 
Reduced fetalmovements 12.8 14.4 13.3 
Possible spontaneous ROM 13.8 15.3 14.3 
Generally unwell(nodiagnosis) 3.1 3.8 3.3 
Possible UTI 0.0 0.4 0.1 
Vaginalbleed (noadmission) 3.9 3.8 3.8 
Placentapraevia 0.2 1.4 0.6 
APHrequiring admission 3.4 4.6 3.8 
UTI (confirmed) 9.0 9.9 9.3 
Gestationalhypertension 2.1 4.6 2.9 
Pre-eclampsia 0.9 4.3 2.1 
Anaemia(Hb<10.5g/ml) 12.4 14.1 12.9 
Intrapartum 
Spontaneousonset of labour 74.7 51.3 66.8 
Inducedonset of labour 14.2 19.3 15.9 
Augmentedonset of labour 5.0 6.9 5.6 
No labourelectiveCaesarean# 6.2 22.5 11.7 
Temperature(>37.2°C) 12.3 27.8 17.3 
Rupturedmembranes>48h 2.7 4.1 3.2 
Prostin 13.1 18.0 14.8 
Syntocinontoinduce or
augmentlabour
18.4 35.9 24.3 
Birth 
SVD 76.1 25.9 59.2 
Instrumentalvaginaldelivery* 12.1 17.1 13.8 
Elective Caesareansection# 5.6 18.4 9.9 
Emergency Caesarean section 6.2 38.6 17.1 
Third stageof labour
Physiological 9.2 3.4 7.2 
SyntocinonIM 7.3 5.4 6.7 
SyntocinonIV 13.4 58.1 28.5 
Syntometrine IM 69.7 30.8 56.6 
Retainedplacenta 1.3 4.4 2.4 
nw;Numberof womenrepresentedby the reviewednotes allowingforthe weighted 
sampling. *Forcepsorventouse; #Figuresdifferas some womenplanningelective 
Caesarean sectionhad onset of labour,so Caesareansectionclassified asemergency.