AnimaliaHymenopteraFigitidaevan NoortSimonBuffingtonMatthew L.ForshageMattiasAfrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)Zookeys1420152015493117610.3897/zookeys.493.6353 Tylosema Kieffer, 1905Remarks.

Revised by Buffington and van Noort (2007).

Diagnosis.

Within the Afrotropical region, Tylosema can be confused with Pycnostigmus. However, Pycnostigmus lack notauli on the mesoscutum, and Tylosema have complete notauli; this is very easy to observe and the character is reliable. Outside the Afrotropical region, Tylosema could be confused with the Palearctic Trjapitziniola, but this latter taxon lacks notauli, and has not been recorded from Africa (but see above). Tylosema nigerrimum was taken in Algeria, indicating this taxon is present in Mediterranean Africa.

Tylosema dayae (South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, anterior view.

Distribution.

Occurs in South Africa as well as in southwestern Palearctic (north Africa). Afrotropical records: South Africa (Buffington and van Noort 2007).

Biology.

Unknown. The phylogeny of Buffington et al. (2012) suggest the host might be a gall-inducing hymenopteran.

Species richness.

Tylosema dayae Buffington & van Noort, 2007 (South Africa)

Tylosema ronquisti Buffington & van Noort, 2007 (South Africa)

BuffingtonMLvan NoortS (2007) A world revision of the Pycnostigminae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) with descriptions of seven new species.Zootaxa1392: 1–30.BuffingtonMLBradySMoritaSvan NoortS (2012) Divergence estimates and early evolutionary history of Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea).Systematic Entomology37: 287–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00617.x