Phenolic inhibitors hindered anaerobic xylose consumption (Fig. S1), feruloyl amide and coumaroyl amide as major contributors to anaerobic growth inhibition of E. coli (Fig. S2), anaerobic growth inhibition by ferulic acid (Fig. S3), inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis by feruloyl amide at both 5 minutes and 2 hours (Fig. S4), complete inhibition of nucleotide de novo biosynthesis in the presence of phenolic amide inhibitors (Fig. S5), nucleoside supplementation rescuing growth inhibition by phenolic inhibitors (Fig. S6), lignocellulose-derived phenolic inhibitors identified in AFEX-pretreated corn stover hydrolysates (Table S1), target MS/MS parameters used to obtain 13C labeling patterns of ATP and UTP (Table S2), and intracellular metabolite levels after exposure to feruloyl amide and coumaroyl amide (Table S3).
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