Lactic Acid Bacteria in Durum Wheat Flour Are Endophytic Components of the Plant during Its Entire Life Cycle

Supplemental material

  • Supplemental file 1 -

    Soil characteristics of the experimental field, average values of minimal and maximal temperature, and rainfall during the sampling period of Odisseo and Saragolla (Table S1), biodiversity measures of endophytic and epiphytic Firmicutes (16S rRNA) found in hypogeous and epigeous organs and processed grain of Odisseo and Saragolla durum wheat (Table S2), relative abundance of endophytic and epiphytic lactic acid bacterium genera/species found in hypogeous and epigeous organs and grain of Odisseo and Saragolla durum wheat (Table S3), schematic representation of experimental plan showing the phenological phases of Triticum turgidum subsp. durum corresponding to the time of analysis of hypogeous and epigeous organs and the allotments where the wheat was cultivated and sampled (Fig. S1), cross sections of roots and leaves of durum wheat (Odisseo) sampled at the stem elongation stage, showing bacterial cells (Fig. S2), representative RAPD-PCR profiles of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from leaves/spikes, grain, or flour of Odisseo and Saragolla durum wheat (Fig. S3 and S4), and score plot of the two principal components after principal component analysis of environmental temperature, water activity of the wheat organs, cell density of presumptive lactic acid bacteria on selective media, and lactic acid bacterium OTU (genus level) found on hypogeous organs, epigeous organs, and processed wheat of Odisseo and Saragolla (Fig. S5).

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