# delimit ;
clear;
cap log close;

log using I:\D_Drive\MedicalSchool\VolunteerWork\EranBendavid_DoraRecommend\Estimation\Program_20141217_Update\New_20141220\Prog_20141222_TimeFixEff_All_Gd\Out_Adult_Contin_W3L1_RealGF_9h_ToEran.log,replace;

set more 1;

insheet using I:\D_Drive\MedicalSchool\VolunteerWork\EranBendavid_DoraRecommend\Estimation\Program_20130808_Est\data10zzv_AIDSDeath_HiLoMort_LibyanGDP_csv.csv;

xtset countrycode year;

gen d_hi_hivortb= (d_hi_hiv==1)|(d_hi_tb==1);
gen d_low_hivortb=(d_low_hiv==1)|(d_low_tb==1);
gen funddivpop_hivortb = funddivpop_hiv + funddivpop_tb;
gen RealGDPPercap_PPP = gdp_ppp_constant_2005_internatio/population_wdi;
gen GDPPerCap = gdp_per_capita_current_us;
gen RealGDPPerCap = gdp_per_capita_constant_2005_us;
gen LifeExp =  life_expectancy_at_birth_total;
gen HealthExpPerCap_orig = health_expenditure_per_capita_cu;
gen HealthExpPerCap = (health_expenditure_per_capita_cu-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator;

gen ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP = ln(RealGDPPercap_PPP);
gen ln_LifeExp =  ln(life_expectancy_at_birth_total);
gen ln_HealthExpPerCap = ln(HealthExpPerCap);
gen ln_adultmortality = ln(adultmortality);

gen ghes_usd10_per1000cap =  ghes_usd10/population_wdi*1000;
gen ln_ghes_usd10_per1000cap =  ln(ghes_usd10_per1000cap);

/* Health expenditure per 1000 population, PPP (constant 2005 international $) (from WDI) */
gen RealHealthExp_per1000cap = realhealthexp*1000;
gen ln_RealHealthExp_per1000cap = ln(RealHealthExp_per1000cap);

/* Health personnel (physicians, nurses & midwives) per 1000 population (from WHO) (missing data filled by interpolation) */
gen HealthPersonnel_Interp = physician_interp+nursemidwife_interp;
gen ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp = ln(HealthPersonnel_Interp);

/* Health personnel (physicians, nurses & midwives) per 1000 population (from WHO) (country mean) */
gen HealthPersonnel_mean = physician_nointerp_mean+nursemidwife_nointerp_mean;
gen ln_HealthPersonnel_mean = ln(HealthPersonnel_mean);

/* generate real GF per capita variables */
/* If do not want to use real GF per capita, comment out the following section */

replace funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator;
replace funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator;
replace funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1	= funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator;
replace funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1	= funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator;
replace funddivpop_hivtb_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1+funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1;

replace fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator; 	
replace fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1	= fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator;

replace fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1	= fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;
replace fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1	= fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator;

replace HealthExpPerCap = (health_expenditure_per_capita_cu-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator;

/*************************/

replace funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;
replace funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;
replace funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1	= funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;
replace funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1	= funddivpop_mal_withmultigr_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;
replace funddivpop_hivtb_withmultigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_hiv_withmultigr_w3l1+funddivpop_tb_withmultigr_w3l1;

replace fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1 = fundpopriskatlas_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010; 	
replace fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1	= fundpopriskatlas_multi_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;

replace fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1	= fundpopriskwho_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;
replace fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1	= fundpopriskwho_multigr_mal_w3l1/L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010;

replace HealthExpPerCap = (health_expenditure_per_capita_cu-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator_2010;

gen yr70=(year==1970);
gen yr71=(year==1971);
gen yr72=(year==1972);
gen yr73=(year==1973);
gen yr74=(year==1974);
gen yr75=(year==1975);
gen yr76=(year==1976);
gen yr77=(year==1977);
gen yr78=(year==1978);
gen yr79=(year==1979);
gen yr80=(year==1980);
gen yr81=(year==1981);
gen yr82=(year==1982);
gen yr83=(year==1983);
gen yr84=(year==1984);
gen yr85=(year==1985);
gen yr86=(year==1986);
gen yr87=(year==1987);
gen yr88=(year==1988);
gen yr89=(year==1989);
gen yr90=(year==1990);
gen yr91=(year==1991);
gen yr92=(year==1992);
gen yr93=(year==1993);
gen yr94=(year==1994);
gen yr95=(year==1995);
gen yr96=(year==1996);
gen yr97=(year==1997);
gen yr98=(year==1998);
gen yr99=(year==1999);
gen yr00=(year==2000);
gen yr01=(year==2001);
gen yr02=(year==2002);
gen yr03=(year==2003);
gen yr04=(year==2004);
gen yr05=(year==2005);
gen yr06=(year==2006);
gen yr07=(year==2007);
gen yr08=(year==2008);
gen yr09=(year==2009);
gen yr10=(year==2010);

/* use data from 1995 to 2010*/
/* Note: The variable “Health expenditure per capita” from WDI is only available after 1995 */ 
* drop if year<1995;
drop if (year<1995)|(year>2012);
/*remove those countries that are ineligible for Global Fund */
drop if d_no_notelig_multigr==1;

/***************/
gen funddivpop_multigr_w1l3 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1-funddivpop_multigr_w1l1-funddivpop_multigr_w1l2;

gen trend_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*trend;
gen d_yes = d_hi_multigr+d_low_multigr;
gen d_yes_d_gf_fund = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1;
gen tr_d_yes = d_yes*trend;
gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*trend;

/************/
gen d_yes_fund = d_yes*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1;
gen tr_fund = trend*(1+funddivpop_multigr_w3l1);
gen d_yes_tr_fund = d_yes*trend*(1+funddivpop_multigr_w3l1);

gen fund_l1 = funddivpop_multigr_w1l1;
gen fund_l2 = funddivpop_multigr_w1l2;
gen fund_l3 = funddivpop_multigr_w1l3;
gen tr_fund_l1 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1;
gen tr_fund_l2 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2;
gen tr_fund_l3 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3;
gen d_yes_tr_fund_l1 = d_yes*trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1;
gen d_yes_tr_fund_l2 = d_yes*trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2;
gen d_yes_tr_fund_l3 = d_yes*trend*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3;
gen d_yes_d_gf = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1;
gen d_yes_d_gf_fund_l1 = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1;
gen d_yes_d_gf_fund_l2 = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2;
gen d_yes_d_gf_fund_l3 = d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3;
gen tr_d_yes_d_gf = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1;
gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund_l1 = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l1;
gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund_l2 = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l2;
gen tr_d_yes_d_gf_fund_l3 = trend*d_yes*d_gf_multigr_3yr_l1*funddivpop_multigr_w1l3;

gen tr_healthper_int = trend*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_healthper_mean = trend*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1;

gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq =funddivpop_multigr_w3l1^2;
gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq;

gen funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_m = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean; 
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_m = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1=ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1);
gen tr_ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 = trend*ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1);

gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_int = trend*ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean = ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m = trend*ln(funddivpop_multigr_w3l1)*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq =ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1^2;
gen tr_ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq = trend*ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq;

gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_int = ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_heal_i = trend*ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_health_m = ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_ln_funddivpop_w3l1_sq_heal_m = trend*ln_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1_sq*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l2;
gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l3;
gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l4;
gen tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l5;

gen funddivpop_w3l2_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen funddivpop_w3l3_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen funddivpop_w3l4_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen funddivpop_w3l5_health_int = funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;

gen tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_int = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;

gen funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean = funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l2*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l3*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l4*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l5*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen AllFund_percap_w3l1 = (otheradultfund_percap_w3l1+mch_curr_percap_w3l1)/us_gdpdeflator;
gen AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m = AllFund_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_OthAll_div_pop_w3l1 = trend*AllFund_percap_w3l1;
gen t_AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m = trend*AllFund_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 = pepfar_percap_cons10usd_w3l1*L1.us_gdpdeflator_2010/L1.us_gdpdeflator;
gen AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 = (otheradultfund_percap_w3l1+mch_curr_percap_w3l1)/us_gdpdeflator-pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1;

gen PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m = pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen AllFundpcNoPEP_w3l1_health_m = AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 = trend*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1;
gen tr_PEPFAR_cons_health_m = trend*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_OthAllNoPEP_div_pop_w3l1 = trend*AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1;
gen t_AllFundpcNOPEP_w3l1_health_m = trend*AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1 = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1;
gen GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1;
gen tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_health_m = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;

gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_noMultiGr = funddivpop_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;
gen tr_funddivpop_noMultiGr_w3l1 = trend*funddivpop_w3l1;
gen tr_fundpc_w3l1_heal_noMultiGr = trend*funddivpop_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_mean;


sum (ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp);
bys d_hi_multigr d_low_multigr: su ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp;
tab d_hi_multigr d_low_multigr, summarize(ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp) mean;
preserve;
collapse (mean) ln_HealthPersonnel_Interp, by(d_hi_multigr d_low_multigr);
list;
restore;




/*****************/
_pctile hiv_pre_avg0103, p(33.33, 66.66);
return list;

gen hivPrev_low= (hiv_pre_avg0103<r(r1));
gen hivPrev_mid= ((hiv_pre_avg0103<r(r2)) & (hiv_pre_avg0103>=r(r1)));
*gen hivPrev_hi= 1-hivPrev_mid-hivPrev_low;
gen hivPrev_hi= ((hiv_pre_avg0103<999) & (hiv_pre_avg0103>=r(r2)));
				 
/*******************/

/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;
test funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m;
lincom funddivpop_multigr_w3l1+funddivpop_w3l1_health_m*1.27405; /* 1.27405 is the sample mean of ln_HealthPersonnel_mean*/
lincom tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1+tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m*1.27405;

/* Lag 2*/ 
*xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 3*/ 
*xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 4*/ 
*xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 5*/
*xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;



/****************************/
/* updated robustness check */
/****************************/

/* ------------------------------------*/
/* (SA2.1) sub-Saharan African countries */
/* ------------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (ssafrica_broad==1), fe robust;

/* -------------------------------*/
/* (SA2.2a) high HIV-prevalence */
/* -------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (hivPrev_hi == 1), fe robust;

/* -------------------------------*/
/* (SA2.2b) mid HIV-prevalence */
/* -------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (hivPrev_mid == 1), fe robust;

/* -------------------------------*/
/* (SA2.2c) low HIV-prevalence */
/* -------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (hivPrev_low == 1), fe robust;

/* -----------------------------*/
/* (SA3) interact with PEPFAR */
/* -----------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m pepfar_percap_cons10usd_w3l1 PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_PEPFAR_cons_health_m GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1 GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;


/* ---------------------------------------------------*/
/* (SA4.1a) interact with other aids (including PEPFAR) */
/* ---------------------------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
/* add tr_healthper, interact other all non-GF adult fund with health workforce density (mean) */

xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 AllFund_percap_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_OthAll_div_pop_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m t_AllFunddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* ---------------------------------------------------*/
/* (SA4.1b) interact with other aids (excluding PEPFAR) */
/* ---------------------------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
/* add tr_healthper, interact other all non-GF adult fund with health workforce density (mean) */
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean AllFundpcNoPEP_w3l1_health_m tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_OthAllNoPEP_div_pop_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m t_AllFundpcNOPEP_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* ----------------------------------------*/
/* (SA4.2) excluding all other co-variates */
/* ----------------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
*xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m, fe robust;
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1, fe robust;

/* ----------------------*/
/* (SA5a) different lags */
/* ----------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 2*/ 
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 funddivpop_w3l2_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l2 tr_funddivpop_w3l2_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 3*/ 
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 funddivpop_w3l3_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l3 tr_funddivpop_w3l3_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 4*/ 
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 funddivpop_w3l4_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l4 tr_funddivpop_w3l4_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* Lag 5*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 funddivpop_w3l5_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l5 tr_funddivpop_w3l5_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;


/* --------------------*/
/* (#6) drop GDP per capita */
/* --------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
**xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban i.year, fe i(countrycode) robust;
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* ----------------------*/
/* (#11a) include main effect of GF and time fixed effect */
/* ----------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban i.year, fe i(countrycode) robust;

/* --------------------------------------------*/
/* (#16a) remove imputed health worker density */
/* --------------------------------------------*/ 
/* Lag 1*/
gen HealthPersonnel_raw = phy_nursemidwife_raw;
gen ln_HealthPersonnel_raw = ln(HealthPersonnel_raw);

gen funddivpop_w3l1_health_raw = funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_raw;
gen tr_healthper_raw = trend*ln_HealthPersonnel_raw;
gen tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_r = trend*funddivpop_multigr_w3l1*ln_HealthPersonnel_raw;

xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_raw tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_raw tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_r ln_HealthPersonnel_raw ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;


/* ------------------------------------------------*/
/* (#10a) time fixed effect interacted with GF, no trend tem, robust se (good 1) */
/* ------------------------------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban i.year##c.funddivpop_multigr_w3l1, fe i(countrycode) robust;


/* -----------------------------*/
/* (#17a) remove all imputed data */
/* -----------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
gen HealthExpPerCap_raw = (health_exp_per_capita_cur_us_raw-funddivpop_withmultigrant)/us_gdpdeflator;
gen ln_HealthExpPerCap_raw = ln(HealthExpPerCap_raw);

xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_raw tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_raw tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_r ln_HealthPersonnel_raw ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap_raw percenturban, fe robust;


/* -----------------*/
/* (#18) updated with GFATM disbursements deducted from total health expenditure, and the GFATM is measured in 2005 constant price.*/
/* -----------------*/
/* Lag 1*/ /* good */
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;


/* panel correlation */ 
correlate funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1;

/* -----------------------------*/
/* (#22b) include GF, PEPFAR and other aid in the regression, without trend, without interacting with HWD */
/* -----------------------------*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* -----------------------------*/
/* (#22e) simultaneously testing for the effect for PEPFAR and other aid, interacted with trend, but not interacted with health worker density */
/* -----------------------------*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 pepfar_percap_cons05usd_w3l1 AllFundNoPEP_percap_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_OthAllNoPEP_div_pop_w3l1 ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;


/* -----------------------------*/
/* (#24, 35) remove multicountry grants */
/* -----------------------------*/
*xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_noMultiGr tr_funddivpop_noMultiGr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_fundpc_w3l1_heal_noMultiGr ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;


/* -----------------------------*/
/* (#32b) drop mortality with top 5% variability */
/* -----------------------------*/
/* Lag 1*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_healthper_mean tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (top5pctvar_adultmort == 0), fe robust;


/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* (#33) with continuous measure of PEPFAR (constant price) and GF */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m pepfar_percap_cons10usd_w3l1 PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_PEPFAR_cons_health_m GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1 GF_PEPFAR_cons_W3L1_health_m tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_w3l1 tr_GF_PEPFAR_cons_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

/* -----------------------------*/
/* (Reviewer #3) drop outliers */
/* -----------------------------*/
xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban, fe robust;

predict yhat_alphai, xbu;
gen resid = ln_adultmortality - yhat_alphai;

egen avg_r = mean(resid), by(countrycode);
egen sd_r = sd(resid), by(countrycode);
gen r_standard = (resid-avg_r)/sd_r;
drop if missing(r_standard);


/* to examine the residuals with a stem and leaf plot. The residuals that stick out are those at the tails of the distribution */  
stem r_standard;


sort r_standard;
list countrycode countryname year r_standard if(abs(r_standard)>2.5);


gen outlier_r =0;
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==129 & year==1995);
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==103 & year==1995); 
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==163 & year==2010);
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==94 & year==1995);
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==55 & year==1999); 
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==146 & year==2010);
replace outlier_r = 1 if (countrycode==11 & year==1995); 

xtreg ln_adultmortality trend tr_healthper_mean funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 funddivpop_w3l1_health_mean tr_funddivpop_multigr_w3l1 tr_funddivpop_w3l1_health_m ln_HealthPersonnel_mean ln_RealGDPPercap_PPP ln_HealthExpPerCap percenturban if (outlier_r == 0), fe robust;

log close;  
exit;