AnimaliaSquamataColubridaePyronR. AlexanderGuayasaminJuan M.PeñafielNicolásBustamanteLucasArteagaAlejandroSystematics of Nothopsini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with a new species of Synophis from the Pacific Andean slopes of southwestern EcuadorZookeys1122015201554110914710.3897/zookeys.541.6058 Synophis lasallei (Nicéforo-Maria, 1950)Diaphorolepis lasallei Nicéforo-Maria, 1950Holotype.

MLS/CJSP uncat., from N of Albán, cen. Cundinamarca Dept., cen. Colombia.

Etymology.

After the Instituto de La Salle, in Bogotá (Nicéforo-Maria 1950).

Description.

Smaller (~300mm SVL) dipsadine snakes of the Amazonian versant of the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, diagnosable by 24 maxillary teeth, 10 or 11 infralabials, 7–9 supralabials, fused prefrontals, internasals in contact, loreal present, 1 or 2 postoculars, nuchal collar absent, 144–165 ventrals, 101–126 subcaudals, dorsal scales in (19–23)-(19–22)-(17–21) strongly keeled rows even on head and neck, venter dark in some populations, neural spines expanded and flattened, and laterally expanded zygapophyses. Known from low to high elevations (~500–2000m) along the Amazonian versant of the Andes from central Colombia to central Ecuador. Nothing is known of diet or reproduction.

Notes.

The hemipenes are very similar to both Diaphorolepis and Synophis bicolor (Bogert 1964; Zaher 1999; Martinez 2011). Much like Synophis bicolor, this species as currently described has a large geographic and elevational range, with wide variation in phenotype. There is significant variation in the number of dorsal scale rows and reduction thereof. One specimen from Ecuador (MCZ R-156873) has only one postocular and 7 supralabials, but otherwise matches the species. All other specimens have 2 and 8, respectively. Another specimen from Ecuador (MECN 2220) has 165 ventrals and 117 subcaudals with 19-19-17 scale rows, and is thus indistinguishable from Synophis aff. bicolor, with the exception of the strong keels on the nuchal scales and geographic distance from the nearest highland populations of Synophis aff. bicolor. All other specimens of Synophis lasallei have 144–156 ventrals, and most have (21–23)-(21–22)-(19–21) dorsal scale rows. Thus, it seems exceptionally likely that this is a species complex, possibly divided between highland and lowland, or northern and southern populations.

Nicéforo-MariaH (1950) Contribucion al conocimiento de los ofidios de Colombia. Revista Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales Bogotá 7: 518527. BogertCM (1964) Snakes of the genera Diaphorolepis and Synophis and the colubrid subfamily Xenoderminae. Senckenbergiana Biologica 45: 509531. ZaherH (1999) Hemipenial morphology of the South American xenodontine snakes, with a proposal for a monophyletic Xenodontinae and a reappraisal of colubroid hemipenes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 240: 1168. MartinezPMS (2011) Comparative anatomy of the tribe Nothopsini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae). MSc Thesis. Departamento de Zoologia. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo.