RespondentID,What do you enjoy most about caring for/hand-rearing a flying fox? (Choose two),,,,,,,Are you affiliated with a wildlife care organization?,Where are in-care flying foxes primarily housed?,Do you feel that viruses found in flying foxes are a potential threat to the health of carers?,,Have you been vaccinated against rabies?,"If you are vaccinated against rabies, approximately how often do you get your titer checked?",,Choose the statement that best applies to you:,Evaluate the risk to human health posed by the following scenarios.,,,,,,"When handling a flying fox, what protection do you typically wear?",,Why do you choose this level of protection?,Have you ever been bitten or scratched by a flying fox?,"If you were to be/have been bitten or scratched by a flying fox, how would/did you respond?",Have you ever participated in a similar survey?,
,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,Having a temporary pet without the long-term commitments,Other (please specify),Response,Response,Response,Please explain:,Response,Response,Other (please specify),Response,Rescuing a live flying fox trapped in a fence or netting,Rescuing a live flying fox on the ground,Member of public handling a live flying fox,Flying fox interacting with pets,Disposing of a dead flying fox,Contact with flying fox urine or feces,Response,Other (please specify),Open-Ended Response,Response,Open-Ended Response,Response,
3283118581,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,I am vaccinated against Lyssavirus,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Nothing,,I need to feel the animal in order to rescue it from netting or barbed wire - but use a thick cloth to avoid bites etc,Yes,Say ouch - and later wash the wound,No,
3271940783,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,As long as they are vaccinated,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Heavy gloves,,To avoid bites and scratches,No,Wash with soap and water and get endeavours booster,No,
3271861645,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,AT  PRESET   IF  CARERS HAVE THE LYSSAVIRUS PRE  EXPOSURE INJECTIONS  AND GET THEIR   TITRE LEVELS  CHECKED EVERY YEAR IT IS DEEMED SAFE TO HANDLE BATS IF OVER 0.5,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Use a thick towel or gloves if needed,Bats can inflict a nasty bite if not restrained with some protection for the rescuer   if especially aggressive heavy duty gloves may be needed to secure the head,Yes,Usually wash the bite when its possible and have only ever had a booster when bitten by an especially aggressive bat in netting which resulted in skin being broken    minor scratches and bites I do not bother with medical treatment,No,
3270032713,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Wildlife-only facility,No,"Although I an vaccinated, this is more to do with the requirements of the organization rather than the risk to myself. I do not believe I am any more likely to catch a life threatening illness from flying foxes than I am from hunans",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,If handled correctly I don't see a risk,Yes,Treated the wound as I would any other,No,
3269901316,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"Only vaccinated carers should be handling bats so providing adequate titre levels are sufficient, and appropriate hygiene protocols are adhered to, there is no risk to carers.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Other (please specify),towel,"gloves inhibit manipulation of the flying fox, a towel can be manipulated to cover the head, wing, body and envelop the animal to assist restraint",Yes,"wash the injury with warm soapy water, scrub with iodine solution.  Providing my titre levels are adequate (which they would be, otherwise I wouldn't be handling the bat), I wouldn't do anything further.    If I was bitten during the rescue of a neurologically impaired flying fox, where I had cause to believe it may have lyssavirus, I'd seek post bite vaccinations.",No,
3269858614,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,"Being able to closely interact (and assist) an intelligent, caring, responsive individual from a wonderful species.",Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"The incidence of ABL in the wild population is immeasurably small.  The amount of times a ff actually tests positive is minute.  The ff has to be sick, bite into the muscle layer, the carer has to be unvaccinated (or refuse the post bite vaccine) and even after all that there is only a 20-30% chance of infection becoming disease.  Admittedly that tiny chance is then fatal.    Only three people in 200 years have dies and there isn't any record of outbreaks of disease any native (Aboriginal, Islander.....) mythology, and they interact (i.e. capture and eat) hundreds of thousands of ff's every year. Hendra is not contracted, by humans, from ff's.  I have a greater chance of dying from bee stings or car accident.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,"I wrap them in a towel.  Gloves are useless to dangerous as they catch on sharp bits - trapping your hand - and prevent the handler from feeling, and therefore anticipating, movement by the ff (or any animal).  Occasionally recommend eye protection for people not used to handling sharp thumb claws and large wings in a wriggling animal.",Yes,"Said ouch and got on with whatever I was doing.  Treated the bite/scratch as I would any wound, i.e. from ignored it to bandaged it.",Yes (Can you provide any details?),Vaguely remember a survey on general wildlife handling several years ago.  Sorry - not much help I know.
3266038763,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,I am not concerned about ABLV but I am aware that is it was only fairly recently discovered there may be other viruses yet unknown so it is best to ensure best practice.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Ease of handling bat with some protection.  Low risk that saliva would transfer through gloves.,No,wash gently with soap and water for 5 minutes.  If skin is broken contact GP to assess need for rabies booster.  I would contact my organisation to confirm C3 procedures for the flying fox.,No,
3265700992,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,"Yes if carers not vaccinated otherwise no.  Flying foxes whilst very inteligent, also can be very fearful due to their past experience of injury and therefore are very fast to scratch or bite with even the most caring and careful handling.  I find the grey headed more easily spooked thn the blacks or little reds",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Low risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Don't know,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),"Gloves, long sleeves, long pants",I've been bitten and scratched by panicky animals,Yes,Wash the cut with a betadine solution.  Get titres checked.  If low get a booster,No,
3265455250,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,"I find gloves hinder my dexterity in handling the animal.  Initially I wore gloves, but having gained experience I am alot more confident in handling them.",Yes,Wash the wound.  Never had a bite infect.,No,
3263325519,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Nothing,,It is difficult to undertake a rescue or handle a flying fox when wearing gloves as it reduces dexterity.,Yes,Washed the wound with water.,No,
3263014554,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"If the carer is vaccinated  , has the proper training. , is responsible and takes the correct precautions , there is no threat.",Yes,Every year,,,High risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Heavy gloves,,l Normal precaution,No,"Wash the wound with soap and water, apply betadine and notify [Redacted] Health or my medical practitioner.",Yes (Can you provide any details?),no
3261085839,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,I am fully aware of the possible cross contamination of viruses - as with other wildlife species I care for. I take all appropriate measures to protect myself and my family and pets from any possible risk - even if the chances of rescuing a bat with lyssavirus is extremely rare.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,Initially I use heavy gloves to rescue and initially handle the flying foxes as that is when they are most likely to bite. After 48 hours in care I no longer use gloves and choose to wrap the animal before unhanging.,No,"It would depend;    If the animal had already been in care for a week or two then I would just inform my doctor.    If the bite occurred before that time, then I would report the incident to [Redacted] and submit the animal for testing and receive post exposure shots if results came back positive for lyssavirus.",No,
3260646381,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,I'm vaccinated and am getting boosters every 2 years. I work with thick gloves if I don't know an animal or if an animal behaves abnormally.,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,No risk,No risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,As above Qu. 10,Yes,"If I was bitten by an animal that seemed in poor health or showed aggression or any other abnormal behaviour,I would apart from cleaning the wound get a post exposure vaccination.",No,
3260593043,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,It is very hard to use scissors to cut the bat out of the netting with gloves.I use a padded blanket as protection,Yes,I scrub the scratch or bite with warm water and soap at the location if possible. Giving it another wash on return home and after dealing with injuries of the bat,No,
3260514497,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"As long as their is appropriate handling, vaccination and sanitation, there should be no problem.",Yes,Other (please specify),I haven't.,I have never gotten my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Thick towel or blanket.  Thick material bag.,I find it easier to cover head and control the bat.,Yes,No different to being bitten by any other animal.  Clean the wound with soapy water and keep applying betadine or savlon.,No,
3258582931,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,Only a very small percentage of Flying Foxes carry either virus.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Don't know,Low risk,Moderate risk,Heavy gloves,,"To prevent a bite or scratch, I am not worried about any virus but I don't want the bat to be euthanased if I was careless and it bit me.",No,"Was the bite with antiseptic, get a booster shot and contact the relevant authorities.",No,
3258421376,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,"The risk of contracting the diseases after being vaccinated and taking necessary precautions is very low. Further, those of us who take orphans have low risk as babies don't tend to carry zoonotic diseases such as Lyssa.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Gardening Gloves,"I have good dexterity, but greater protection than nitrile gloves or nothing. I also use folded towels which help protect me from bites.",Yes,"It depended on the severity and what flying fox scratched me. With the deep bite I had, I went to hospital and got a booster. Mild scratches from wild flying foxes, I wash for 10mins in hot soapy water, use Betadine and disinfect. For orphans, it depends on how severe the scratch is, but generally just wash with hot soapy water and disinfect.",No,
3258376674,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"If you have experience you can better judge the nature of the flying fox and care for it accordingly. Some are wilder than others, however I have found they know you are trying to help and if you approach them in a calm and consistent manner, they will settle and allow you to medicate and treat their wounds. I have never been bitten in a rescue or caring capacity. I understand that we may have greater instances of exposure, and a certain level of respect and care is needed, however if you take all precautions, threats to exposure can be reduced.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,No risk,No risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"I don't use gloves as I can not feel what the flying fox is doing. I always use thick towels when handling and rescuing. Safe and less stress on the ff. again if you know how to wrap them in any scenario, both human and bats are safe. It's about the initial wrapping, to protect yourself and the bat from any injury.","It's safe for me and the bat. It allows for rescues in netting, barb wire, on the ground and even in care. Gloves can be clumsy and can lead to a false sense of confidence. You can not always feel through the gloves what the bat is doing. I use three towels when rescuing to help assess and navigate opening their wings for damage. I also use this to move bats from smaller cages to big ones, and for treatment of wounds. It is what my shelter advocates. Certain situations do require gloves for example when bathing a bat covered in rubbish bin juices or exceptionally wild feisty bats. They do become use to the interaction and will work with you on helping them to recover.",Yes,"I have been scratched a couple of times. I responded by cleaning the wound immediately and applying disinfectant. If I feel the bat maybe affected neurologically, and advised by vets that tests should be run, and there is no alternative the bat will be sent to the zoo for eu and tests performed. Only as a last resort. If I feel I should take further precautions based on those tests, I will go and have post exposure shots.",No,
3258319521,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Wildlife-only facility,No,"The media are responsible for a lot of false information.  There is no evidence, after 20 years of scientific investigation, of FFs passing Hendra to horses or humans.  Why is the danger of getting Hendra Virus from a horse not mentioned more often? 4 people have died.  Why is it not publicised that cats can pass Hendra to horses? I think people are unwilling to think of their pets as disease carriers. It is easier to blame FFs.  Lyssa Virus can only be transmitted if a person is scratched or bitten. There is no need for fear when FFs are roosting nearby, or eating.  There is no balance in the media reports.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,"In [Redacted] years of frequently rescuing entangled flying-foxes, I have only been scratched once.",Yes,Scrub the wound thoroughly with warm soapy water.,No,
3258167461,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,Not if I'm imunised,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Nothing,,This is when I'm handling bats in my care. When I rescue say off wire or netting I wear large gloves as I don't like getting bitten.,Yes,"I have only had minor scratches or bites, not into bloodstream. If it was more serious I would bath it in disinfectant or see doctor if worse.",No,
3257982070,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,all care and good hygine,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Heavy gloves,,"in case of bite, only use with wild rescuse",Yes,clean area,No,
3257063075,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,"Unless carers are vaccinated and take proper precautions, infection may result",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"Need to ""feel"" animal when rescuing to avoid undue damage to the animal",No,immediate flushing and cleansing of wound.  seek medical attention,No,
3257001707,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,provided all care and correct methods and common sense are used,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),towels,Gives best control and feel of the animal and less stress on animal,Yes,swear and continue the rescue then clean the wound as soon as possible,No,
3256960634,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,[Redacted]'s policy is that all members handling bats must be Rabies vaccinated and their titre levels checked each year prior to the birthing season.  The threat is there and our Policy reduces the risk.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,Nothing,,Need full feel to be able to disentangle barbed wire caught f-fox and use pliers and side cutters to hold and nip barbs off the wire.,Yes,Wash the bite/scratch thoroughly as recommended by Health Department and our group's training,No,
3256236894,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,We are all vaccinated against Lyssa Virus. Everything else is common sense and hygiene,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),I wrap them gently into a towel and wear gloves when they are caught on barbed wire,because its enough protection. They are frightened and once I wrap them up they feel secure.,Yes,"It depends if the bat has been in my care with me for a long time and I know it is not infected or if I rescue an injured bat that shows signs of Lyssa virus infection.   In that case, I notify my doctor and get a booster shot if necessary.",No,
3255766974,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,"Yes I am very aware of the risk of viruses,but take the necessary precaution to avoid bites and scratches.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,No risk,Low risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,To avoid bites and scratches.,Yes,I would go to my doctor and request a booster rabies vaccination.,No,
3253346936,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,No,Wildlife-only facility,Yes,,Yes,Other (please specify),Never,I have never gotten my titer checked,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Depends on what i am doing to the FF,,Yes,"I didn't worry much at the time, cleaned the wounds like for any other bite",No,
3253243392,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,Not if you are vaccinated and are meticulous with your and the animals hygiene.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,High risk,Other (please specify),Protective clothing for myself and thick matress protector to cover the flying fox to gain control over the animal.,So as not to be scratched or bitten.,Yes,"Wash thoroughly with soap & water, antiseptic solution then report to co-ordinator in wildlife group.  If bitten attend doctor or hospital immediately for treatment",Yes (Can you provide any details?),Cannot remember who it was for.
3250806189,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,Vaccinated and would be impossible to do difficult work of untangling from fence or netting with gloves on,Yes,Wash wound. Treat as any other wound.,No,
3250675709,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,Very minute chance of catching a virus  1we are vaccinated  2 FF which have viruses are usually very sick and easily recognisable   3 viruses are in a very low percentage of FF.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Only when handling adults,"Frightened adults can bite and scratch , rarely, and pregnant females are very protective of their young.",Yes,"Wash wound for 5 mins with soap, keep an watch for infection.",No,
3250364871,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,Carers are required to have regular checks on their Rabies vaccinations.,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,No risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,don't want to be bitten or clawed.,Yes,washed the would with water from the town supply.,No,
3250362239,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,As a wildlife carer it is my duty to help all native animals,Yes,Human residence,No,If you have been vaccinated and take the precaution of washing any bites and scratches there is no threat to the health of carers.,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),I have a thick shirt I always wear but do not use gloves as you lose the tactile advantage,I need to be able to manipulate the bat for assessment and it is too difficult with gloves.,Yes,Thoroughly wash with soap and water and then use alcohol hand cleaner on wound.,No,
3248114235,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,1.Only half of 1% of the free living population may have Australian Bat Lyssa Virus. This is such a small percentage.   2. Any one handling bat must be vaccinated.  3. Australian Bat Lyssa Virus is 100% preventable.,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,Wipes of saliva before it penetrates the skin if a bite occures,Yes,Thoroughly cleaned wound according to health and safety procedures,No,
3247687203,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),thick fluffy blanket kangaroo pouch and cotton or latex gloves,I use thick gloves to hold bat or transfer it but once the bat is wrapped in the pouch (better than a towel as it has a big pocket) I usually need to discard welders gloves to remove netting and barbed wire. I can't leave this for the duration of a trip to the few vets who will handle bats. Thin cotton gloves or latex are all that work with fine scissors and cutters.,Yes,I was bitten through welders gloves on my first rescue over 10 years ago. Received post exposure vaccination protocol,No,
3245252440,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,Appropriate vaccinations and common sense eliminate any possibility of contracting virus's as with all animals and humans who also carry virus's,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Depends on the rescue and the age and demeanour of the bat,Experience dictates that an injured adult requires a different level of protection that an orphan.  Before this experience is gained I would recommend thick leather gloves or similar for all rescuers,No,"Depends on the situation, if it was an unknown bat, I would have the post exposure treatment however if it was a minor injury from a bat that had been in care for some time, I probably wouldn't worry about post treatment",No,
3244261177,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,"In our group all flying fox carers must be vaccinated and must provide evidence via blood test of current immunity annually. This provides reasonable mitigation against the risks of lyssa. While I suspect most carers are as thorough, there will always be a small minority who are not, or who do not take adequate safety precautions. So I feel the threat of KNOWN viruses is very small, but there remains a small element of risk for the small minority of non compliant carers.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"Depends on situation. Light gloves, thick materials to wrap ff (e.g. Mattress protector material)","As an experienced rescuer,  I have been taught well, and with experience learned techniques which vary with different rescue scenarios. In some situations thick gloves for example make the rescue impossible, and/or are not necessary to avoid injury.",Yes,"When raising orphaned FF, scratches are a daily occurrence. Being vaccinated, wearing clothes that minimise scratches and normal hygiene practices store used.  For bites, I immediately and thoroughly wash the wound as per recommended practice and treat with antibacterial wash such as chlorhex. For a serious bite I would consider a post exposure rabies booster.",No,
3243919376,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,No,Wildlife-only facility,No,Innocculations is required.,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Heavy gloves,,To lesson risk of being bitten or scratched,Yes,Wash wound thoroughly. Check titre lecels. Booster shot ifnessecary,No,
3242977031,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,,,,The sheer joy of giving back to these beautiful creatures.,Yes,Human residence,Yes,"Potential threat yes, no where near the threat faced when I drive a vehicle.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),arm protection,It gives the flying foxes something to hang onto without puncturing my skin.,Yes,either wash/antiseptic or both when possible.,No,
3242627841,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"nothing with babies, heavy gloves with rescues",When you ask about protection you only have samples of hand wear. I also wear shirts with sleeves.,Yes,If it was a baby in care I would watch it to ensure it did not display erratic or unusual behaviour,No,
3242548843,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"No if  measures are taken to protect yourself. Use of gloves, towel, two people to examine FF etc.",Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Ease of use and maintain ability to handle FF. Also use thick towel to hold FF and neoprene arm guards in baby season.,Yes,Wash it with soap and put on iodine solution.,No,
3242533450,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"Of course not, carers are vaccinated and trained to handle bats. The very fact that Lyssa is so incredibly rare bats don't pose a threat to anyone really.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Depending on situation I wear thick gloves and use a towel to envelope the bat.,I generally don't wear PPE as I believe I understand flying fox behaviour well enough to be able to handle them safely. I don't believe they pose a risk and if properly handled and restrained there is little risk of scratch/bite.  Heavy gloves is usually enough.,Yes,Thoroughly washed the bite site and rubbed with eucalyptus oil.,No,
3242256663,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,I am vaccinated against the Rabies virus. The Hendra virus does not pass from FF to human.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"I use a towel in which I wrap the FF. I am skilled in handling FFs, and take great time and care.",Yes,"I would wash the bite/scratch for 15 minutes with antimicrobial soap under running water, then make an appointment with my GP to obtain the Immunoglobulin and the post-exposure vaccine.",No,
3242163871,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,,Yes,Other (please specify),Newly vaccinated and haven't had a check yet...,I have never gotten my titer checked,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Heavy gloves,,To be safe until behavior and health is observed,Yes,"I got treatment.... I wasn't vaccinated at the time, so I had the immunoglobulin injections, tetanus and vaccinations",No,
3241956229,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"All carers must be vaccinated against ABLV and we are trained in and practice safe handling of the animals, safe hygeine practices. We also wear appropriate PPE.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),"Thick gloves, long sleeved shirt and Neoprene Arm Protectors, safety or sun glasses",For personal safety and also it is a requirement of both the organisation I am a member of and a requirement of Qld Health Department,Yes,"Thorough washing of wound with soap and water for 5 minutes, then cleanse well with Iodine based antiseptic. Submitting bat for euthanasia and testing and ensuring sufficient cover of Titre Level. If necessary, I would attend medical department for booster shots.",No,
3241866507,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,there is a risk. It can be managed.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Depends entirely on circumstances. I may use all glove options or just use a towel,I judge risk against circumstances. I will use more protection for an adult than a baby bat and more for a sick than an injured bat. Removal of bats from fences is extremely difficult with heavy gloves. Use of towels can be better if you know what  you are doing and how bats respond to being rescued.,Yes,Immediate thorough washing followed by application of betadine. Follow up depends on circumstances,No,
3241830742,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"I ensure myself and all my volunteers are up to date with their immunisations and have regular checks of titre levels, we practice a high level of OHS with these animals, they are housed in a purpose built area and we have a treatment room separate to our residence.",Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,because it is part of my PPE standard,Yes,"washed the wound for 10minutes applied betadine directly to the wound, assessed my need for titre level check or top up of immunisation if I was close to 2yrs from last immunisation top up",No,
3241806007,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,"There is certainly a potential for viruses found in flying foxes to threaten the health of carers. Although this potential threat has grave consequences, I do not consider it a likely threat. However for obvious reasons the potential to come into contact with these viruses is greater for carers than in the general public, and as a result, most carers aim to mitigate the risks of contracting such viruses in various ways.",Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),"When handling a new flying fox, I handle it with a towel and sometimes nitrile (or similar) gloves.","I choose the level of protection based on what I know about the animal. If it is a new animal in care, I am more cautious and usually handle it with a towel and gloves until about 24-48hours have passed. Likewise if the animal appears sick or is unusual in some way I handle it cautiously. A baby or juvenile flying fox that I have had a while or has been in care for some time I handle without protection. However due to the sharp nature of teeth and claws on adults, they are always handled with a towel.",Yes,"Washed the wound immediately with antibacterial soap etc. Check if blood is drawn. If the animal is behaving strangely, very sick or I am suspicious of it, I will get my titre checked and possibly have additional rabies vaccine. This is usually not immediate and I would wait to see if the wound becomes infected or the animal continues to deteriorate.",No,
3241145544,,,,,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human residence,No,,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,Vaccinated and prefer skin to skin contact for rescues,Yes,Swore,No,
3241046039,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human residence,No,If precautions are taken by all involved there is no risk to any one.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,"Although saying nothing, I handle wild caught flying foxes with a mattress protector",Yes,Attended casualty to receive appropriate injections,No,
3241024476,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,I feel viruses found in both humans and animal species are a threat to both,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"In [Redacted] years of handing wildlife including flying foxes, (I manage and run the [Redacted]) averaging 60 to 150 animals at a time, I have never had or my volunteers had any health problems with flying foxes however I have had health problems handing birds. (Collapsed Lung x2)",Yes,Wash injury site with betadine for 5 mins under running water.,No,
3241005005,,,,,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human residence,No,Vaccination and handling training,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Ability to handle animal without fear of scratch,Yes,Washing thoroughly and flushing with betadine,No,
3240985653,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,"Putting pictures and details on Facebook because people from around the world want to see them, understand them, and know what is happening to them, especially in [Redacted], so we educate as many people as possible that bats are vital to the environment, and if you do not touch them there is nothing to fear.",Yes,Human residence,No,"I have spoken with 2 people who have been bitten by an infected bat, but because they were vaccinated they were okay. All carers are vaccinated against the Lyssavirus.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,It protects the carer from constant scratches.,Yes,"I contacted Dr Deb (The Travel Doctor, Brisbane), who in turn contacted [Redacted] Health and I was asked to go straight to the local hospital for a booster vaccine.",No,
3240956754,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"Whilst we know that flying foxes carry a virus, we have the injections, we do our best not to get bitten and it is as simple as that.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,High risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,So I do not get bitten and have to go to the bother of going to a hospital etc. etc.,No,I would go to the local hospital and get a booster injection for lyssavirus,No,
3240942596,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,We are regularly updated and have our immunity checked against Lyssavirus. The only potential issue (and this could apply to humans or other animal species) is if new viruses emerge.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),I prefer not to wear heavy gloves as it inhibits my ability to control and rescue the animal. I use towels.,"I can be bitten by a Fling Fox. Or a possum, or any other wild animal that I encounter. I find a towel gives my protection without harming the animal and enable s me to manipulate other equipment that may be required int he rescue, such as scissors, wire clippers etc. If I have a flying fox pup in care nothing is required.",Yes,"My titre protection levels were high, I quickly washed the wound but did not feel I required a booster. (Titre level was 10).",No,
3240920626,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,"[Redacted] courses explain the risks clearly and all carers are vaccinated, with titre levels checked every year.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),A towel used for handling,Sufficient protection to protect me from bites while still able to handle and feel the animal,Yes,Wound washed as per [Redacted] instructions.  Animal assessed if I felt the need to test for lyssavirus,No,
3240851623,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,Stats don't back it up.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,Getting bitten hurts.,Yes,Wash wound.,No,
3240376416,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,"Have cared for a few different native species and the flying foxes were just such a treat to care for. They are personable, facinating and really bond with their foster mums.",Yes,Human residence,No,Have been vaccinated to increase immunity against ABLV. Cannot contract Hendra directly from bats.,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,Other (please specify),normally use a towel to wrap and hold bat,,Yes,Washed bite and applied antiseptic. Mainly only bitten by babies in care so feel there is a lower risk than when bitten by wild bat.,No,
3240321555,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,So long as carers aware of risks and use appropriate handling techniques,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),gloves & arm protectors,Safety,No,Contact [Redacted] Health for booster,Yes (Can you provide any details?),Can't remember
3240308835,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,No,Human residence,No,if we take precautions such as vaccinations then check titre levels each year there is minimal to no risk of contracting Lyssa virus and NO chance of getting Hendra. I am a vet nurse as well and have dealt with several Lyssa positive bats in the past and always handle suspicious bats with care.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Towel,I have been handling bats for [Redacted] years and have never been bitten by an adult bat in all that time as I am extremely careful in my method of handling and only wear gloves if there are non vaccinated members off the public around however I do not have the best feel when wearing gloves and find I am at more risk of being bitten if I have gloves on.,No,safely deal with the bat then wash the area with fresh water and disinfectant and go to my Dr for a series of post bite vaccinations,No,
3240299545,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,Risk is very low and care is taken,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Don't know,No risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Stops basic scratches,Yes,No response. Bat was not a risk/has been in care for a while.,No,
3240286375,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,No,Human and pet residence,No,,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,I wear long sleeved shirt and gloves. I wear them to protect myself from scratches from the bat. My experience has been once the bat realises you are trying to help them they settle down and cooperate,Yes,"Wash wound, depending on how deep wound was possible booster. Bat would NEVER be euthanised",No,
3240225987,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,,,,"They're super smart and adorable.  I wouldn't minimise the significance of this -- bat carers are kind of obsessive and always talk about how smart bats are as the reason why they're so dedicated to them.  I don't know if they're really ""smarter"" than other animals, but what's definitely unique about them is how well they relate to humans.  In a very short time they lose much of their fear of humans -- there aren't many animals who do this and I think wildlife carers like to care for an animal that they can relate to and interact with in a way that's similar to the way humans interact with domesticated animals.",Yes,Human residence,Yes,Of course.  Bat carers have died from lyssa virus.,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"Gloves won't protect me from a bite, and they'll make it harder for me to handle the bat in a way that will minimise the chance of it biting me.  Also, I don't want to hurt the bat.  They're delicate little things.",Yes,"Fortunately my titre levels had been checked recently (like a month or two before that) and were relatively high.  I figured that was enough, but just in case I contacted the Health Dept (or whatever it's called -- the government agency in charge of lyssa virus) and explained the situation.  They arranged for me to have a 2-stage rabies booster shot (for free, which was great) at my local clinic.  I had heard that if they thought they could access the bat, they would kill and test the bat for rabies rather than pay for the rabies vaccine.  I wasn't going to have the bat killed just to save the Health Dept some money, especially considering the very low likelihood that the bat had lyssa virus, so I told them that the bat (which I rescued from netting) escaped when it bit me and flew away.  I hate to lie, but I hate even more to be responsible for a bat being killed.  I know that other carers don't even get booster shots when they are bitten because they're afraid that the bat will be taken away and euthanised for testing.",No,
3240107698,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Wildlife-only facility,No,,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Because told to wear them,Yes,Clean and report to our bat coop,No,
3240103353,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,The only virus threat to carers is ABLV and all carers are vaccinated against this virus.,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"Gloves, arm protecters, glasses.","I prefer not to get bitten as it is painful, and do not want to be scratched in the eye.",Yes,It is  not a problem as my titre level is good.,No,
3240101286,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Human residence,No,As any Bat carer should be vaccinated to be handleing so a low risk is in place so not totally ruled out as a low risk.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Other (please specify),nothing generaly other then a towel to wrap around its head.,I believe wearing heavy duty gloves dont give the same feeling if you werent wearing any to find where any injuries are.You can see more of what you are doing and can tell how much pressure is acctually apllied.,Yes,"Washed out immediatly with warm soapy water,betadine applied,cover with a bandage if needed.In worse case cleaned,headed to doctor for antibiotics and a booster shot.",No,
3240097408,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,"The word potential is important soeducation, knowledge, awareness and good hygiene is essential",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Armlets with open finger tips,"I consider this the safest cover as I am able to feel and manoeuvre the animal as requires,better.  Using scissors and cutters with gloves don't allow me to get your fingers through the handles and having to remove one glove during the rescue puts you at much higher risk of being bitten and takes your attention away from the animal..not good  Good training and experience makes a differance",Yes,followed the post bite/ scratch proceedure set out by [Redacted] health,No,
3239949404,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,"Due to the risk of various viruses there is a threat not only to the carers themselves if their titres arent up to date but also to family and pets. Furthermore, Lyssa is almost taboo with very few people talking about it educationally and so I think it creates increased paranoia.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Depends on risk severity,Due to the risk not only to myself but also to anyone who sees me handling a Bat and assumes its okay I will almost always wear gloves.,Yes,No action taken other than initial first aid,No,
3239928660,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,No,Human and pet residence,No,We are required to be vaccinated with the Rabies vaccination and if bitten or scratched we have access to more vaccinations.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,Don't know,Low risk,Other (please specify),Arm protectors and heavier shirts when I am rearing my baby flying foxes.,Because it reduces the amount of scratches I get on my arms.,Yes,If it was a serious scratch or a bite I would go straight to my Dr or hospital depending on the seriousness of the injury.,No,
3239855064,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,only those who are lyssavirus vaccinated are at risk,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,High risk,Low risk,High risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,For protection and ease of use,Yes,I sought medical attention,No,
3238775142,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,Need to be vigilant - vaccination is only the first step if exposed to Lyssavirus. Need to be aware of symptoms & treat all as potentially infectious.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"Able to handle the animal as gently as possible, thereby reducing struggling & stress. Able to determine where the bitey bits are if using a towel.",Yes,Only by very young ones. Continual scratches are part of caring for this age group. Notify coordinator if deeply scratched or bitten and identify which one.,No,
3238634039,,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"I am immunised  as i must be to work with them, and one should use common sense with any wild animal",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Don't know,No risk,Moderate risk,Heavy gloves,,"We are provided with them. We in practice, at heat event rescues,  more at risk from heat  stress and UV, Bearing in mind these are days of 43-47 C where GHFfs are dying from heat by hundreds or thousands.",No,Seek medical attention  and wash bite site.,No,
3238504819,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,"More so than the general public, yes. We, as carers handle huge numbers of animals, especially sick animals. So are more likely exposed to the minimal number of infected animals out there.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"I use towels wrapped so I cant be bitten, glasses for eye protection.",Very difficult to rescue a bat using heavy duty gloves especially from wire or netting as it involves very precise detangling.,No,If I were bitten by an animal that I suspected to pose a threat I would have a booster.,No,
3238499078,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,"As a small percent of these animals harbour ABLV, and menangle virus  both of which are classified as zoonotic, it must mean that there is a risk when caring for them.",Yes,Other (please specify),Have only been caring for FF this year. Organisation asks for every two years.,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Depends on scenario. It's hard to cut around delicate wing membrane wearing heavy gloves,,Yes,"I rinsed wound at site, drove to chemists got beta dine, then washed it at home. Went later in the day for PEP",No,
3238350514,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"Lyssa is a very rare disease, also passed by microbats. There is an effective vaccine, and gamma globulin.  Hendra caught from horses. No pathway demonstrated from bat to horse. There are effective vaccines for horse and human.  None of us carers catch viruses from bats.",Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Depending on circumstances eg rescues require gloves,"A trapped, injured, terrified animal will bite and scratch",Yes,"I initiated a booster injection after numerous scratches and bites during heat event rescues, hydration, assessment, feeding, treatment, transfers. Everyday care of orphans involves daily scratches because they use their clawed feet and thumbs as we do out feet and hands. They also lick me, gently mouth my hands and arms.   If a bat showed abnormal behaviour I would take appropriate action: observation/isolation and investigation of bat as indicated. Booster for self. Titre.  Bite from rescue. Reporting this means the death of the bat. I wait, observe the bat. So far they are always all right, settling down and quickly responding with increasing trust.",No,
3238345496,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"As we're all vaccinated, no risk of lyssa virus. Other viruses haven't  proven to pass onto humans without a vector. I'll take my chances as I enjoy looking after the species.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),"gauntlets,towels",Thick gloves make it too difficult  to feel/handle the FF and maintain a secure hold. Gauntlets protect the forearm and towels are used for wrapping/covering the animal making it feel less threatened.,Yes,"wash area with soap & water,at least 10 mins running water.",No,
3238324379,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,Only the Lyssavirus so carers should be vaccinated.,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,Once in care bats usually don't bite or scratch or I know how to handle then to prevent this. It's easier to handle bats without gloves.,Yes,Wash area thoroughly as taught in firstaid procedures,No,
3238320914,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Don't know,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,Improved dexterity,Yes,"If a pup, no response  If an adult in long term care, no response.  If an adult on ground showing signs of infection, thoroughly wash scratch or bite site,  contact coordinator and immediately organise vaccination booster shot",No,
3238266360,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,"The potential for an infectious bite is reduced significantly and any signs of the infectious stage of Lyssavirus are defineable, and Hendra is only recieved through another carrier, not the FF's themselves.  Bites and scratches, particularly from handraising are minimal",Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,,Low risk,Nothing,,"I can more easily grip, handle and subdue or comfort a FF, feeding and cleaning of young FFs is much easier without gloves etc. I do however use thick towels when doing a rescue of a wild sub0adult or adult to minimise risk of bites",Yes,"It totally depends on the situation.  My young babies have bitten me in a tantrum before, I clean the wound and disinfect as I would any other animal bite, my vaccinations are all up to date so I do not worry.  If it was a wild bat I knew nothing about, *This has not happened yet* then I would go to the doctor and get it looked at/advice on how to proceed.",No,
3238190081,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Wildlife-only facility,No,if the carer is vaccinated against L/virus . carer handles the Flying fox correctly their is no problem,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),correct clothing . leather gloves up to the elbow,prevention against bite or scratch,Yes,wash area with water & betadine . double check my titer levels .,No,
3238175327,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,"As carers, we are vaccinated. We are also aware of the risks of disease transmission, and keep a close eye on the animal for any warning signs of illness. And also we use correct handling techniques and PPE to reduce the risk of being bitten or scratched.",Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"kevlar gloves and arm gauntlets. Long sleeves, and a towel.","Personal safety and peace of mind. They can easily bite through one pair of gloves or a single towel, and when the animal bites a human, it means a death sentence for the bat. So for everyone involved, I choose to protect myself, and the bats life.",Yes,Clean the bite immeadiately under running water for 5 minutes. Apply betadine. Arrange for the animal to be euthanised and sent for testing at [Redacted] Health. Wait for [Redacted]'s response. If bat is positive - booster shot. If bat is negative - do nothing.,No,
3238142326,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,There is always risks when dealing with any sick animal.  Standard precautions should always be observedto minimise risks.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Moderate risk,,Moderate risk,Nothing,,,Yes,"Rince the bit or stratch with water initially, Wash with soap and water thoughly whenable to(depending where bit happened). Apply anti-septic. If bitten nsw health advise a booster vacination.see a doctor for booster shot ( In my wild life group all cares must be vacinated befor starting to care)",No,
3238130817,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,All carers must be vaccinated and I know that the vaccine works so why should it be a threat?,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Because often when I rescue they are member of the community who watch and I need to show by example even thought I know there is no risk for being being vaccinated.,No,go and get a blood test to check my antibody,No,
3238110482,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,I believe vaccination is effective,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),"Leather glove on left hand, bare right hand to use scissors to cut netting or wire",Balance between protection and manual dexterity,Yes,"Usually clean wound with soap and water and iodine.  Once hospitalised, more because it was a deep wound I didn't care for properly that needed to be cleaned and debrided than because of risk of disease.",No,
3238100500,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,If the carer is vaccinated and follows proper WH&S policies then the carers are very safe.,Yes,Every six months,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,No risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"long sleeved shirt, use of towel no gloves they inhibit my ability to feel the animal putting it at risk.","To protect from scratches and accidental bites. It also protects my skin from ticks, leeches and other biting insects. It also provides sun protection and protection against rusty barb wire injury.",Yes,"Flushed wound with fresh clean water, wash with an antibacterial solution for 5 minutes and then seek a booster injection from my medical practitioner. Report incident to both the WH&S officer and Bat coordinator.",No,
3238073286,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,"Bat rescuers/carers should be vaccinated against lyssa virus before handling flying foxes. All flying foxes should be isolated from other animals for 24-48 hours if the reason for which the animal comes into care cannot be easily ascertained ie. netting, barbed wire",Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),"long sleeves, occasionally eye protection",To avoid scratches on my arms/ eye injuries,Yes,Post exposure inoculation after being badly bitten during a heat stress event,No,
3238058466,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,High risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),towel and leather glove,"Wearing 2 gloves makes it awkward to handle, feel.",No,"Make an appointment with doctor for as soon as possible, meanwhile wash gently with soap and running water for at least 5 minutes, then apply Betadine to the wound.",No,
3238043137,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,"ABL, while uncommon in FF's, is fatal to humans.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),Towel for wrapping securely and calming to animal,"Animal is securely wrapped after rescue.  For examination/medication or treatment, animal is securely wrapped and can have various parts of the body exposed by careful unwrapping.  During examination, heavy gloves are useless as you cannot feel for injuries or fractures.",Yes,"Wash wound with soap and running water for about 15 minutes, seek booster vaccination if bite/scratch is severe enough",No,
3237971095,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,"We are vaccinated and make sure to take precautions, especially with wildies we rescue.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Heavy gloves,,[Redacted] Health Laws - we also use arm gauntlets in neoprene and now have to wear long sleeves,No,We notify our President immediately and then [Redacted] Health is notified,No,
3237969922,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,If we take care and are vigilant flying foxes are much less risk to my health than car accidents or walking along a street late at night.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"depends if doing a rescue would use gloves, handling a baby wouldn't use anything","It makes sense to be cautions - wild adults are very feisty and will scratch and/or bite. Babies are much more manageable, but I am still careful.",Yes,Washed the wound very thoroughly (this was years ago) now I would go and get a booster shot as the organisation requires this.,No,
3237963383,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,The word potential is significant. Many species carry zoonotic disease. Prevention and personal awareness of the risks and precautions necessary must be taught,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,Low risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),"depends on the age, at least light weight gloves","Personal protection, plus I don't want the FF euth just to see if it had ABLV because I got bitten",No,"clean wounds, know titre and get a booster if necessary or as a precaution. (Titre done just before season).",No,
3237945781,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,A very small threat.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,Because the risk is so small.,Yes,clean the wound with disinfectant.,No,
3237871477,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,All carers have been vaccinated against ABL (rabies) and regularly check titre levels,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,No risk,Nothing,,To facilitate handling of the animal and because I am vaccinated.,Yes,The answer to this varies depending upon the circumstances and how recently titer levels have been checked.,No,
3237862350,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"Because I can't work efficiently when wearing gloves, particularly when untangling intricate tangles of netting that are constricting delicate wing membrane. I need the agility/dexterity of bare hands.",Yes,"If my titres are checked and at a safe level, I just wash and disinfect the wound.",No,
3237859695,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,I have no worries about caring for the bats as they know I'm only trying to help them they don't really try to bite or scratch,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,High risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),Sleeve protectors,Because I know what I'm doing,No,Wash the wounds,No,
3237830647,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,"No more than any other animal, and we are taught correct hygiene procedures",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),cloth towels,"Protect from scratches and bites, and to calm bat through covering head",No,"As appropriate, [Redacted] procedure",No,
3237779672,Helping the flying fox to survive,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,"I am adequately vaccinated against the ABL, I am not concerned about contracting other diseases from flying foxes.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"I find gloves to hinder being able to untangle flying foxes from netting and barbed wire, I will where possible wrap the ff in a towel and hold the body in a way to prevent it being able to bite. More so because they hurt like anything when they bite. OUCH!",Yes,I swore! During the rescue I have found that if they have bitten and are continuing to bite down on me I can leave them and set about untangling them. After the rescue and I have freed myself from the animal I wash the wound and request a rabies booster.,No,
3237743609,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,So incredibly rare unless governments continue with dispersals,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,"I am more dexterous without gloves. I would be more careful if found on the ground but assuming it is still flying around to get trapped in barb or netting, it is extremely unlikely to have Lyssa.",Yes,I would observe them for few days to assess if they have a progressive neurological disease. Scratches I wouldn't worry about.,No,
3237676416,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Heavy gloves,,If I don't have heavy gloves with me I use a towel to wrap the bat in and avoid getting scratched and bitten.,Yes,"Depends on the situation. If I am raising a baby flying fox then I am pretty sure it is not a lyssa bat and just wash the inflicted area thoroughly afterwards. If it is a rescue bat, and I get bitten or scratched in a way that breaks the skin, then I would go to a GP and get a booster.",No,
3237577935,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,Educating the public on the importance of this species and relevant safety considerations when they see bats. I also enjoy educating other carers on medical care/procedures.,No,Bat-only facility,No,"Not if the appropriate rabies vaccinations and hygiene procedures are used. Also, Hendra virus is not a risk directly from flying foxes, only from horses.",Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,"I have appropriate vaccinations and it is very difficult to handle animals with thick gloves on and I feel that I have more control with bare hands. I also then use thorough hand washing between animals and and sanitiser. When I am doing higher risk rescues, such as with distressed animals on barbed wire, I will wear thick gloves due to their increased risk of biting and also due to improved public perception of this safety precaution.",Yes,"Thorough cleaning of the scratch, then got my titre levels checked to ensure I had appropriate levels of protection from lyssavirus.",No,
3237565960,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,No,There is a vaccine available,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,"If rescue is done correctly there should be little to no risk of being bitten, not all flying foxes want to bite",Yes,Immediate washing of area & disinfectant.,No,
3237285694,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,Apart from conservation I enjoy the whole process.  Observing/learning the behavioural idiosyncrasies of the species; interacting with wild individuals (I like nursing adults as well as raising juveniles).,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,ALL human/human and human/animal contact are a potential threat.  ABL is a real issue but fortunately preventable.  Hendra would be an issue for carers who also had horses.  Precautions can and must be taken.   They are something to be aware of and take appropriate management steps for - not something that should prevent care,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Long sleeves;  towels,The shirt/long sleeves protect from most bites and scratches;  the towels allow me to wrap the animal adequately for protection while allowing me to feel and handle competently.  I find gloves put me at more risk because I can't feel the movement/position of the animal,Yes,Finish what I'm doing if handling the bat (i.e. getting it into a carry basket);  immediately wash the wound site with soap and water for 15 minutes  OR apply alcohol hand sanitizer if in the field with no soap and water (it is part of my rescue kit).  Apply viracidal such as Betadine.  Have post exposure booster vaccination,No,
3236057588,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,"Yes - ABLV is a significant threat due to lethality, despite rare incidence rate. All carers need to be vaccinated and have regular immunity checks. Other viruses (eg hendra) not a problem for humans.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,"Flying foxes can bite through heaviest gloves - greater sensitivity of hands means better handling. I can feel that i have control of FF's head better and therefore dont get bitten. The times i have used gloves, the reduction in sensitivity has resulted in bites, and while depth of bite was reduced, it was enough to lead to ABLV transmission.",Yes,15 min washing site followed by booster shots if required - follow up with bat (re whether bat displayed lyssa virus)/,No,
3235930337,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,,,,"Shift a bit of the balance - many are threatened species that come in as a result of human-induced injuries. If some can be saved, they should be.",Yes,Human residence,Yes,"As much as psitticosis is a threat to me as a bird carer, or leptospirosis from my pet rats, or any of the many diseases I could contract from my dogs, cat or horse. In fact, Hendra virus is only a risk to me because of my horse, not because of the bats. You take precautions and practice basic hygiene just like you would with any other animal, and regularly having your titre levels checked to ensure your immunity.",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),Thick towel,"Provides reasonable protection against a bite, but the best protection is having control of the head and you can't do this with gloves on.   Once the rescue is done and the bat has been in care for a few days, even the towel becomes largely unnecessary.",Yes,"Wash the wound thoroughly for at least 5 minutes in hot, soapy water. If the bat was showing suspicious symptoms or the wound was particularly deep, I'd have my titer levels checked and if necessary have a booster. But if I were to do this for every single little scratch I recieved, I'd probably be overdosed on vaccine by now!",No,
3235778693,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,the only virus that humans can directly get is one I am protected against. It's possible that a coronavirus or other may become zoonotic however I am happy with both my protection measure and ongoing reading in the area.,Yes,Other (please specify),at the moment annually but due to fed health we will go to bi annual. I prefer annually. I also think we should require titres before people start work (even though WHO disagree with me) because every seaon or two we have someone who doesn't seroconvert.,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,,Other (please specify),"mix of gaunlets, towel or nothing as the situation warrents. the above question about risk to human health is misleading - risk to vaccinated person - nil to very low. Risk to non vaccianted person, potentially very hight. Same with pet - pet pony - potentially high, pet dog and cat, at this stage assessment would have to be very low.","getting bitten hurts (bugger the risk, the immediate pain is motivating) I use what will best protect me and allow me to get the animals sorted.",Yes,"Wash for 15 min, not scrub, running water (NB this prevents other kinds of infection too)  If the animal subsequently tests positive, get booster.",No,
3235740740,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,,,,Intense interaction with the growing flying fox.,Yes,Human residence,No,,Yes,Every two years,,I have never gotten my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,,Yes,"Minor scratches from a baby in care, no respose other than basic cleaning.",No,
3235597630,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,With sensible care zoonotic disease risk is negligible,Yes,Other (please specify),Only vacinated [Redacted] months ago,I have never gotten my titer checked,Low risk,No risk,Moderate risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Heavy gloves,,Minimise the chances of bites and scratches,Yes,"As had only days before completed vaccination, went back to the hospital to get rabies booster shots",No,
3235568979,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,My concern in relating to raising flying foxes is the challenges the animals face especially shooting in orchards,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,"Viruses are an issue which means we need to take precautions eg vaccination, hygiene. If horse owner vaccinate your horses for Hendra and still take hygiene precautions.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),Use a towel to handle,Towel covers animal and allows you to handle and minimise stress for the animal but still feel the animal. Keep towel between you and bat.,Yes,Wash wound depending on severity attend doctor. Am not keen on surrendering potentially saveable  animals to be euthanized for testing. Believe we should be opportunistically testing animals needing to be euthanized to gauge level of virus in the population.,No,
3235489707,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,being able to demonstrate to the general public the importance of flying foxes and the fact  that they are not an animal to be fearful of,No,Bat-only facility,No,"ABL infects a very (very) small percentage of flying foxes, and  it appears its infectivity is very low.   Hendra still has not been conclusively 'sheeted home' to FF's - but there is now a vaccine, so the issue becomes moot.  Governments -  State and Federal - are using the FF - disease axis as an effective scare campaing.",Yes,Other (please specify),whenever the opportunity presents itself,I initiate getting my titer checked,No risk,No risk,Low risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),big towel and a supply of grapes or caramels. (no joke!),"Because a bat in this condition is very frightened, and a grape or sweet (we use caramels) quietens them down - so we can concentrate on getting them unraveled. A towel gives the animal a chance to chomp on something! (NOT US)",Yes,Very much depends on the situation - my first attempt to remove a FF (litte red) - I got well fanged.. a long time ago..   I always get scratched by our captive bats- par for the course  One takes no notice of it  (despite [Redacted]'s concerns),Yes (Can you provide any details?),There have been none
3235374880,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,No,We are all vaccinated against Australian bat lyssavirus and practice safe handling techniques. Flying foxes are not aggressive and mostly present no threat. These intelligent animals know when a human is trying to assist them.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,No risk,High risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,Heavy gloves are frightening for the animal and if animals are handled properly thinner gloves are very safe. Safe handling techniques are important when handling an animal that is frightened and in  pain.,No,This question does not have a simple answer and there are many things to consider here. First I ensure my titres are always >4 and am tested annually. Second I would assess the scratch or bite for severity. Third I would assess the animal and determine if it is high risk for ABL. As a result of these considerations I would either ensure I practice would cleaning immediately with 50/50 peroxide or contact Public Health for a booster shot.,No,
3235315490,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,ablv is a potential risk,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Low risk,Nitrile (or similar) gloves,,heavy glove make it hard to feel what you are doing,Yes,"didn't fact of life getting scratched.  our main method is to cover with towel, bridge wire then cut out wire section take to vets, gas down, remove wire whilst asleep and have vet assessment down as this process reduces risk to animal and to us",No,
3235268517,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Wildlife-only facility,Yes,Of course there are risks but most carers are aware of how to minimise/manage the risks,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,I require bare hands in order to effectively disentangle/handle the animal,Yes,"Wash wound, seek medical attention as appropriate, ensure titre levels are up-to-date",No,
3235246059,,,,,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,"It's the whole package for me.  I like rescuing.  I like stabilising.  I enjoy meeting the people who help make rescues possible - those who report them, those who help (fireys and police rescue, members of public, passing kayakers, passing muscle power..).  I like doing the vet stuff, I like seeing them in the release aviary, and I like seeing them go and not look back.  I'm not good at long term care unless it's a baby.  I need time out in the evenings (except during baby season).  I don't have facilities to care for adults in my home, apart from intensive care adults who go somewhere else as soon as they can hang.  I like the friends I make in the FF community.",Yes,Human residence,No,"I'm vaccinated for rabies.  I don't think humans can get hendra from bats, only sick horses.  I may be wrong.  I may die.  Everyone has to die from something.  I don't intend to die old and decrepit.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,No risk,High risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),Gauntlets to prevent scratches.  Bare hands from knuckles down.,"I use a thin towel to grab the FF.  I have gauntlets to protect from scratches because they're not a good look more than because I care if I get scratched.  I choose protection when I'm with a MoP because it's good practice.  I explain to them that I can control the animal better when I can feel their head and jaw, whereas with a thick towel I can't feel or control well.  With thick enough gloves to prevent a bite, I can no longer feel the animal well nor do I have good control.  Nitrile gloves don't prevent a bite.  It may not puncture but you still end up with a crush bite.  FFs have very strong jaw pressure and they don't let go unless you let them go, then you have to catch them again.    Better to handle well and safely rather than poorly (thus avoiding stress to you and the animal) because your safety gear is hampering your control, not helping or protecting.  You're far more likely to get bitten with thick gloves than with bare hands.  Nothing like bare hands to concentrate your attention on not getting bitten in the first place.",Yes,"Wash bite with soap and water for 5 mins.  If it's bad enough to get infected I go to the doctor and get a booster.  Otherwise, I do nothing.  If the animal is clearly neurological from a non-injury cause, and behaving weirdly, I get a booster regardless of the severity of the bite.  I don't want to die of ABLV particularly.  Now they say  wash the wound for 15 mins, which is ludicrous, because nobody is going to do that when they're in the middle of a rescue out in a park somewhere. 5 is doable, 15 is over the top. It's encouraging people not to bother at all.",No,
3235228859,,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,,,,all of the above (except the last one about having pets),Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,but a threat with a very low risk,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),depends on the bat and the situation,"when I rescue a flying fox, I wear heavy gloves at first.  Once I have ascertained that it does not appear to have any neurological symptoms, and if it is not overly bity, I handle it with a towel or bare hands.",Yes,"for my first 3 years of bat caring (prior to [Redacted]) I did nothing special and was bitten/scratched many times.  Since then, I wash scratches with soap and water and apply betadine.  However I do not bother if it is a baby bat that has been in care for a while",No,
3235185542,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,Lyssavirus is potentially lethal so vaccination is essential and annual titre.,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,No risk,No risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,No risk,Nothing,,I need to feel what I'm doing.,Yes,10-15 min wash in flowing water,No,
3235059569,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,But the threat is minimal & I am not concerned at all,Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Low risk,Low risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,No risk,No risk,Other (please specify),"Mid thickness gloves, thicker on underside of fingers",Provides some protection but still have the mobility needed to confidently handle the animal,No,Clean the wound well.,No,
3235046285,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,Yes,"They are a ""potential"" threat; however, if precautions are taken the risk is very low.",Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Low risk,High risk,No risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),It depends on the situation.I dont use gloves at home unless I feel that there is a risk the bat could have ABLV,Convenience. When handling bats at home 1. gloves are cumbersome and you can't safely handle bats with them 2. low risk of bats you have had in care for a while 3. inconvenient to be putting gloves on and off every 5 minutes,Yes,while caring for baby bats I am scratched on a daily basis and often bitten on a daily basis and in that case there is no action taken other than normal washing of hands before and after handling the bats. If I am bitten by an adult bat that I am rehabilitating I also often will take no action other than to observe the bat's health and demeanor. I have never requested that a healthy looking bat be euthanised and tested due to me being bitten or scratched. I have been bitten by a ABLV positive bat who was euthanised due to being neurological and sick. I then had 2 boosters issued by [Redacted] Health.,No,
3235042678,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,,Yes,Every two years,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),long sleeved shirt - wrapping towel for FF,The % of FF testing positive for ABV is extremely low (but shouldnt be discounted).,Yes,washed site in warm water and soap - if a bad bite I then got a booster jab,No,
3235037450,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Bat-only facility,Yes,"I think the risk is very low, and that an astute experienced carer will quickly recognise that a bat has ABLV if that is the reason it has come into care",Yes,Every year,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,No risk,Low risk,Other (please specify),"We evaluate the risk at the time, and also the practicality of handling. Handling a wild bat out of a fence is very different to an orphan that has been in care for some time, or a 1 kg a bat vs 100gm bat","see above. We have a range of gloves, from nitrile to leather.",Yes,"Knowing my titre level is good, I would monitor a non-suspicious bat for a week.  If it was showing signs of ABLV I'd euthanise and have it tested.",Yes (Can you provide any details?),NSW Health last year and QCEID survey in Qland a few years ago.
3235020116,,,Helping to conserve the species,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,Being able to nurse and care for a helpless animal,,,Yes,Wildlife-only facility,No,Because carers are taught from day 1 about those threats and correct  hygiene/handling procedures are in place so potential threat is minimized as these animals are handled on a daily basis these carers are not going to put themselves at risk which in turn would put the very animal they are trying to save  at risk which for most is more important,Yes,Every two years,,Titer checks are required by my care organization,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Low risk,Low risk,Nothing,,For me personally i am [Redacted] my experience in handling and knowledge of bat behavior exclude me from being bitten only inexperienced people get bitten Thick gloves does not stop one from being bitten if anything a greater risk because there is no feel had an inexperienced carer recently bitten through welding gloves because they couldnt feel what they were doing (booster shot was required) my thoughts only people that are familiar with bat behavior should handle them.,Yes,Only bitten once because someone tried to help in order for them not to be bitten I had to put myself at risk. Response contacted [Redacted] Health i euthansed bat and sent to Bio Security for testing bat was positive both the other person and myself received the required two booster shots. Carer learnt the hard way I  learnt to get carers to keep hands in their pockets and observe.,No,
3235018797,,,Helping to conserve the species,,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,High risk,Low risk,Heavy gloves,,to avoid being bitten,No,,No,
3235018491,Helping the flying fox to survive,,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human and pet residence,No,I am vaccinated and have high hygiene standards.,Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Moderate risk,Other (please specify),"gloves if it is on the ground, nothing for barbed wire as it is quicker without gloves",to protect me and the ff,Yes,"depends on the wound, bites from wild ff during rescue, cleaning of the wound, booster vaccine, scratches from baby flying foxes in care nothing but cleaning.",No,
3234962287,Helping the flying fox to survive,Being able to observe and learn about a wild flying fox,,Returning the flying fox to nature when it is able to fend for itself,,,,Yes,Human residence,Yes,"Like any zoonotic diseases, they need to be taken seriously and are a considerable threat to the health of carers.",Yes,Every year,,I initiate getting my titer checked,Low risk,Moderate risk,High risk,High risk,Moderate risk,High risk,Other (please specify),"Depends upon the situation, but towels and blankets are the best saftey, gloves can be cumbersome (particularly needle proof ones), and leather gloves (unles welding gloves) don't offer enough protection. It all depends upon the situation on what I use.","It's the most suitable, with adequate movement to perform the rescue whilst providing protection. Only time I have been bitten was through stupidity (when I had already contained the animal).",Yes,"Responded to going to the doctor, who gave me two post rabies vaccinations.    In regards to orphans, it can be difficult to do this considering scratches occur more often, and I look at the risk as in how long the orphan has been into care, and how did the orphan come into care, while trying to protect myself from as many scratches as possible.",No,