Supplementary Materials

This PDF file includes:

  • Materials and Methods
  • fig. S1. Chromosomal inversion detected around ori1 when WT sequences are mapped against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) reference genome AE003852.
  • fig. S2. Large DNA inversions either caused no fitness cost (JB392) or were similarly affected (JB590, JB659, JB771, and JB963).
  • fig. S3. Complementation of ΔcrtS filamentous phenotype by addition of an ectopic chromosomal copy of crtS.
  • fig. S4. Duplication and segregation of VC783 and ori2 foci in WT and mutant crtSVC23 throughout the cell cycle.
  • fig. S5. Duplication and segregation of ter1 and ter2 foci in WT and mutant crtSVC23 throughout the cell cycle.
  • fig. S6. ori2 foci duplicate earlier when crtS is located near ori1.
  • fig. S7. The addition of an extra copy of crtS affects the growth of V. cholerae.
  • fig. S8. Doubling in ori2 copy number in mutant with two chromosomal copies of crtS.
  • fig. S9. Comparison of global chromosome organization of V. cholerae in different growth conditions.
  • fig. S10. Comparison of directional index analysis at a 100-kbp scale with transcription and GC content for fast-growing cells.
  • fig. S11. ΔcrtS mutants have a fitness defect, whereas ICO1ΔcrtS shows no additional growth defect.
  • fig. S12. Fitness improvement of ΔcrtS mutants by the acquisition of compensatory mutations.
  • fig. S13. Loss of filamentation phenotype of ΔcrtS mutants by the acquisition of compensatory mutations.
  • fig. S14. MFA of crtS mutants before and after acquisition of compensatory mutations.
  • fig. S15. The effect of MFA normalizations.
  • table S1. Compensatory mutations obtained after evolution of ΔcrtS mutants.
  • table S2. List of plasmids and bacterial strains.
  • table S3. Primers used in qPCR.
  • Legends for movies S1 to S4
  • References (50–64)

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

  • movie S1 (.avi format). 3D representations of the contact map from fig. S9 (exponential growth of the WT in LB).
  • movie S2 (.avi format). 3D representations of the contact map from fig. S9 (exponential growth of the WT in MM).
  • movie S3 (.avi format). Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of ΔcrtS filamentous cells, tagged at VC783 (Chr1) and near ori2 (Chr2), growing on an M9 MM agar pad supplemented with fructose and thiamine.
  • movie S4 (.avi format). Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of ΔcrtS filamentous cells, tagged at VC783 (Chr1) and near ori2 (Chr2), growing on an M9 MM agar pad supplemented with fructose and thiamine.

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