******************************************************************************************* ************************The role of language in shaping international migration************ ****************************BY Alícia Adserŕ and Mariola Pytliková************************* ********************************ECONOMI JOURNAL November 2014****************************** ******************************************************************************************* ************************ PREPARATION OF DATA FOR ANALYSES ******************************** ******************************************************************************************* *cd use "OECDmigration_EJ2014", clear keep year toj fromi id flowij stockij to from tocode fromcode sp_pop_totl_i sp_pop_totl_j distcap2 colony colcomb X M ny_gdp_pcap_pp_kd_j ny_gdp_pcap_pp_kd_i sl_uem_totl_zs_j sl_uem_totl_zs_i PSEPj PSEPi PR_i CL_i sl_tlf_tert_zs_i sl_tlf_seco_zs_i sl_tlf_tert_z~i sl_tlf_seco_zs_i se_sec_nenr_i se_sec_enrr_i se_ter_enrr_i entry_laws_tight stay_laws_tight index indexAll indexMajor Dyen DyenAll DyenMajor off1i off1j off2i off2j off3i off3j off4i off4j off5i off5j off6i off6j majori majorj minori minorj fst_distance_dominant fst_distance_weighted nei_distance_weighted index indexAll indexMajor MaxP MaxPmajor MaxPAll Status_j neighbour colcomb fst_stderr_dominant nei_stderr_dominant fst_stderr_weighted nei_stderr_weighted gendist_fst_1500 gendist_nei_1500 fst_stderr_1500 nei_stderr_1500 off1from off2from majorfrom minorfrom off3from off4from off5from off6from off1to off2to minorto off3to off4to off5to off6to same1 same2 same3 same4 w1 w2 w3 w4 samew1 samew2 samew3 samew4 same1All same2All same3All same4All samew1All samew2All samew3All samew4All same1Major same2Major same3Major same4Major samew1Major samew2Major samew3Major LgReq_Basic LgReq_all ***************************************************************************************** *********************** Defining expl variables: ****************************** ***************************************************************************************** set more off *Lagged variables: sort id year gen lagid = id[_n-1] gen var3=1 if id~= lagid *****DEPENDENT VARIABLE - IMMIGRATION FLOWS FROM COUNTRY i TO COUNTRY j per source country i population *****NETWORKS OF MIGRANTS - SHARE OF FOREIGN POPULATION OF THE SAME ORIGIN AS POTENTIAL MIGRANT *flows and stock & adding 1 - to partially solve the zero problem in logs gen flowsij1= flowij+1 gen stockij1= stockij+1 sort id year ***Population in source countries for creation of emigration flows and foreing population stock ratios gen popi1 = sp_pop_totl_i[_n-1] replace popi1=. if var3==1 *Emigration flows ratios per source country population: gen EMjit= (flowsij1/popi1)*1000 label var EMjit "Emigration flows ratios per source country population" *Log Emigration flows per source country population ratio: gen EFlows =ln(EMjit) gen EFlows_1 = EFlows[_n-1] replace EFlows_1 =. if var3==1 label var EFlows "Log of Emigration flows ratios per source country population" *Emigration stock - ratio per source country population: gen ESjit= (stockij1/ popi1)*1000 *Log Emigration stock per source country population- ratios in logs: gen EStock =ln(ESjit) gen EStock_1 = EStock[_n-1] gen EStock_2 = EStock[_n-2] replace EStock_1=. if var3==1 label var EStock_1"Lag Log of foreign population stocks per source country population" *****POPULATION RATIO to control for country sizes gen Epopulation_ij = (sp_pop_totl_j/ sp_pop_totl_i)*1000 gen Epopulation_ij1 = Epopulation_ij[_n-1] replace Epopulation_ij1=. if var3==1 gen lnEPop_ij1 = ln(Epopulation_ij1) *population separately gen lnPopj=ln(sp_pop_totl_j) gen lnPopj1= lnPopj[_n-1] replace lnPopj1=. if var3==1 gen lnPopi=ln(sp_pop_totl_i) gen lnPopi1= lnPopj[_n-1] replace lnPopi1=. if var3==1 *****DISTANCE: gen distance = ln(distcap2) *neighouring country *neighouring country *rename contig neighbour label var neighbour "dummy for neighbour country - dest and source share a common border " *colony ***we use the colony dummy created by Raymond "colcomb" rename colony colony1 gen colony=colcomb label var colony "dummy for common colonial past" *****TRADE between countries for business linkages: (should we perhaps weight it towards the GDP??) gen Trade =(X + M) gen TRADE= Trade+1 replace TRADE=. if X==.&M==1 gen lntrade = ln(TRADE) gen lntrade1= lntrade[_n-1] replace lntrade1=. if var3==1 ************************ *PULL Factors: ************************ ***GDPper capita in destinations, constant $, PPP gen GDPpCapPPPj= ln(ny_gdp_pcap_pp_kd_j) gen GDPpCapPPPj1= GDPpCapPPPj[_n-1] replace GDPpCapPPPj1=. if var3==1 ***Unemployment rate in destinations gen UnemplRate_j = ln(sl_uem_totl_zs_j) gen UnemplRate_j1= UnemplRate_j[_n-1] replace UnemplRate_j1=. if var3==1 *substitute missing values with averages for a given country; create a dummy for a missing original value sort to year from by to: egen meanUj= mean(sl_uem_totl_zs_j) gen subUj=sl_uem_totl_zs_j replace subUj=meanUj if sl_uem_totl_zs_j==. label var subUj "unemployment in j substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort id year gen lnsubUj = ln(subUj) gen lnsubUj1= lnsubUj[_n-1] replace lnsubUj1=. if var3==1 sort id year gen sl_uem_totl_zs_j1= sl_uem_totl_zs_j[_n-1] replace sl_uem_totl_zs_j1=. if var3==1 egen meanUjAll1=mean(sl_uem_totl_zs_j1) gen lnmeanUjAll1=ln(meanUjAll1) label var lnmeanUjAll1 "log of mean unemployment rate over the whole sample of j countrjes and time" gen subUjAll1=sl_uem_totl_zs_j1 replace subUjAll1=meanUjAll1 if sl_uem_totl_zs_j1==. sort id year gen lnsubUjAll1 = ln(subUjAll1) label var lnsubUjAll1 "ln unemployment in j substituted with mean values over the whole sample and time whenever missing" sort year to from by year: egen meanUjAnn1= mean(sl_uem_totl_zs_j1) gen lnmeanUjAnn1=ln(meanUjAnn1) label var lnmeanUjAnn1 "log of annual mean unemployment rate over the whole sample of j countries by year at tjme t-1" gen subUjAnn1=sl_uem_totl_zs_j1 replace subUjAnn1=meanUjAnn1 if sl_uem_totl_zs_j1==. sort id year gen lnsubUjAnn1 = ln(subUjAnn1) label var lnsubUjAll1 "ln unemployment in j substjtuted with annual mean values over the whole sample whenever missing" gen Ujmissing= (UnemplRate_j1==.) label var Ujmissing "a dummy for missing unemployment rate in j" ***WELFARE MAGNET *1. total pubic social expenditure as % of GDP - total_pct_gdp_j *we use data updated in 2013 - variable PSEPj and PSEPi gen lnpsepj = ln(PSEPj) gen lnpsepj1= lnpsepj[_n-1] replace lnpsepj1=. if var3==1 ************************ *PUSH Factors: ************************ ***GDP per capital in source countries, constant $, PPP gen GDPpCapPPPi= ln(ny_gdp_pcap_pp_kd_i) gen GDPpCapPPPi1= GDPpCapPPPi[_n-1] replace GDPpCapPPPi1=. if var3==1 **accounting for non-linearity =poverty trap=GDPpercap squared *GDP per capital PPP squared gen GDPpCapSqrdi1= GDPpCapPPPi1*GDPpCapPPPi1 ***Unemployment in source countries gen UnemplRate_i = ln(sl_uem_totl_zs_i) gen UnemplRate_i1= UnemplRate_i[_n-1] replace UnemplRate_i1=. if var3==1 *substitute missing values with averages for a given country; create a dummy for a missing original value sort from year to by from: egen meanUi= mean(sl_uem_totl_zs_i) gen subUi=sl_uem_totl_zs_i replace subUi=meanUi if sl_uem_totl_zs_i==. label var subUi "unemployment in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort id year gen lnsubUi = ln(subUi) gen lnsubUi1= lnsubUi[_n-1] replace lnsubUi1=. if var3==1 sort id year gen sl_uem_totl_zs_i1= sl_uem_totl_zs_i[_n-1] replace sl_uem_totl_zs_i1=. if var3==1 egen meanUiAll1=mean(sl_uem_totl_zs_i1) gen lnmeanUiAll1=ln(meanUiAll1) label var lnmeanUiAll1 "log of mean unemployment rate over the whole sample of i countries and time" gen subUiAll1=sl_uem_totl_zs_i1 replace subUiAll1=meanUiAll1 if sl_uem_totl_zs_i1==. sort id year gen lnsubUiAll1 = ln(subUiAll1) label var lnsubUiAll1 "ln unemployment in i substjtuted with mean values over the whole sample and time whenever missing" sort year to from by year: egen meanUiAnn1= mean(sl_uem_totl_zs_i1) gen lnmeanUiAnn1=ln(meanUiAnn1) label var lnmeanUiAnn1 "log of annual mean unemployment rate over the whole sample of i countries by year at time t-1" gen subUiAnn1=sl_uem_totl_zs_i1 replace subUiAnn1=meanUiAnn1 if sl_uem_totl_zs_i1==. sort id year gen lnsubUiAnn1 = ln(subUiAnn1) label var lnsubUiAll1 "ln unemployment in i substjtuted with annual mean values over the whole sample whenever missing" gen Uimissing= (UnemplRate_i1==.) label var Uimissing "a dummy for missing unemployment rate in i" ***freedom house index in source countries * in logs: sort id year gen lnFreedomPRi = ln(PR_i) gen lnFreedomPRi1= lnFreedomPRi[_n-1] replace lnFreedomPRi1=. if var3==1 gen lnFreedomCRi = ln(CL_i) gen lnFreedomCRi1= lnFreedomCRi[_n-1] replace lnFreedomCRi1=. if var3==1 *without logs gen FREEPRi1= PR_i[_n-1] replace FREEPRi1=. if var3==1 gen FREECRi1= CL_i[_n-1] replace FREECRi1=. if var3==1 *HC - educational level - *labor force with tertiary education-sl_tlf_tert_z~i sort id year gen lnEduLFi = ln(sl_tlf_tert_zs_i) gen lnEduLFi1 = lnEduLFi[_n-1] replace lnEduLFi1 =. if var3==1 *labor force with secondary education-sl_tlf_tert_z~i gen lnSecEduLFi = ln(sl_tlf_seco_zs_i) gen lnSecEduLFi1 = lnSecEduLFi[_n-1] replace lnSecEduLFi1 =. if var3==1 *or alternatively school enrollment secondary, gross & net; and tertiary enrollment: * or also illiteracy rates: sort year id sum sl_tlf_tert_z~i sl_tlf_seco_zs_i se_sec_nenr_i se_sec_enrr_i se_ter_enrr_i , d *given that school enrollment has many more obs over time and accross countries, we will use the variable to define "countries with low level of education" **secondary school enrollment: sort id year gen lnSecSEi = ln(se_sec_enrr_i) gen lnSecSEi1= lnSecSEi[_n-1] replace lnSecSEi1=. if var3==1 sort from year to by from: egen meanSecSEi= mean(se_sec_enrr_i) gen subSecSEi=se_sec_enrr_i replace subSecSEi=meanSecSEi if se_sec_enrr_i==. label var subSecSEi "Sec school enrollment gross in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort id year gen lnsubSecSEi = ln(subSecSEi) gen lnsubSecSEi1= lnsubSecSEi[_n-1] replace lnsubSecSEi1=. if var3==1 label var lnsubSecSEi1 "Log of Sec school enrollment gross in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" * Labor force with secondary education (% of total) sort from year to by from: egen meanPopSeci= mean(sl_tlf_seco_zs_i) gen subPopSeci=sl_tlf_seco_zs_i replace subPopSeci=meanPopSeci if sl_tlf_seco_zs_i==. label var subPopSeci "Labor force with sec edu in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort id year gen lnsubPopSei = ln(subPopSeci) gen lnsubPopSei1= lnsubPopSei[_n-1] replace lnsubPopSei1=. if var3==1 label var lnsubPopSei1 "Log of Labor force with sec edu in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" **tertiary school enrollment: sort id year gen lnTerSEi = ln(se_ter_enrr_i) gen lnTerSEi1= lnTerSEi[_n-1] replace lnTerSEi1=. if var3==1 sort from year to by from: egen meanTerSEi= mean(se_ter_enrr_i) gen subTerSEi=se_ter_enrr_i replace subTerSEi=meanTerSEi if se_ter_enrr_i==. label var subTerSEi "Tertiary school enrollment gross in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort id year gen lnsubTerSEi = ln(subTerSEi) gen lnsubTerSEi1= lnsubTerSEi[_n-1] replace lnsubTerSEi1=. if var3==1 *labor force with tertiary education-sl_tlf_tert_z~i sort from year to by from: egen meanPopTeri= mean(sl_tlf_tert_zs_i) gen subPopTeri=sl_tlf_tert_zs_i replace subPopTeri=meanPopTeri if sl_tlf_tert_zs_i==. label var subPopTeri "Labor force with ter edu in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort id year gen lnsubPopTeri = ln(subPopTeri) gen lnsubPopTeri1= lnsubPopTeri[_n-1] replace lnsubPopTeri1=. if var3==1 label var lnsubPopTeri1 "Log of Labor force with ter edu in i substituted with mean values whenever missing" sort year id sum from se_sec_enrr_i subSecSEi sl_tlf_seco_zs_i subPopSeci se_ter_enrr_i subTerSEi sl_tlf_tert_zs_i subPopTeri by year: sum from se_sec_enrr_i subSecSEi sl_tlf_seco_zs_i subPopSeci se_ter_enrr_i subTerSEi sl_tlf_tert_zs_i subPopTeri ********************* *COUNTRIES WITH LOW EDUCATION ********************** *dummy for countries with low education - I take 25 percentile of secondary and tertiary enrollment rates: * for secondary enrollment gross se_sec_enrr_i it is 25%: 36.59165 *for tertialryt enrollment gross it is 25% se_ter_enrr_i: 4.180233 gen LowSecEdu=0 replace LowSecEdu=1 if subSecSEi<36.59 gen LowTerEdu=0 replace LowTerEdu=1 if subTerSEi<4.18 ***taking 25 and 75 percentile each year sort year from to by year: egen LowSecEduPtile=pctile(subSecSEi), p(25) by year: egen LowSecEduMean=pctile(subSecSEi), p(50) by year: egen LowSecEduPt75=pctile(subSecSEi), p(75) sort year from to by year: egen LowTerEduPtile=pctile(subTerSEi), p(25) by year: egen LowTerEduMean=pctile(subTerSEi), p(50) by year: egen LowTerEduPt75=pctile(subTerSEi), p(75) **Generate a dummy for low and high by year that we can then interact with the linguistic proximity index to check whether there are differences **in the relevance of language across migrantscoming from more or less educated countries generate Low25SecEdu_byYear=0 replace Low25SecEdu_byYear=1 if subSecSEiLowSecEduPt75 & subSecSEi~=. label variable High25SecEdu_byYear "Country in higher 25% Secondary that year" generate High25TerEdu_byYear=0 replace High25TerEdu_byYear=1 if subTerSEi>LowTerEduPt75 & subTerSEi~=. label variable High25TerEdu_byYear "Country in higher 25% Tertirary that year" set more off *************************************************** ***TIME DUMMIES AND TREND TO CONTROL FOR MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATION - ALTHOUGH WE CONTROL FOR THAT PARTLY WHEN INCLUDING GDP... *************************************************** ***year dummies gen y1980 = (year==1980) gen y1981 = (year==1981) gen y1982 = (year==1982) gen y1983 = (year==1983) gen y1984 = (year==1984) gen y1985 = (year==1985) gen y1986 = (year==1986) gen y1987 = (year==1987) gen y1988 = (year==1988) gen y1989 = (year==1989) gen y1990 = (year==1990) gen y1991 = (year==1991) gen y1992 = (year==1992) gen y1993 = (year==1993) gen y1994 = (year==1994) gen y1995 = (year==1995) gen y1996 = (year==1996) gen y1997 = (year==1997) gen y1998 = (year==1998) gen y1999 = (year==1999) gen y2000 = (year==2000) gen y2001 = (year==2001) gen y2002 = (year==2002) gen y2003 = (year==2003) gen y2004 = (year==2004) gen y2005 = (year==2005) gen y2006 = (year==2006) gen y2007 = (year==2007) gen y2008 = (year==2008) gen y2009 = (year==2009) gen y2010 = (year==2010) *time trend *insert var year set more off ************************************** ***DUMMY FOR DESTINATION AND SOURCE COUNTRIES - TO CONTROL FOR DESTINATION AND ORIGIN COUNTRY UNOBSERVED EFFECTS ************************************** tab to, gen(to) tab from, gen(from) ************************************** ***Immigration policies ************************************** gen selective = (to==1 | to==4 | to==29|to==30) gen nonselective = (to==2| to==3 | to==6 | to==7 | to==8 | to==9 | to==10 | to==12| to==14| to==19 | to==21 | to==25 | to==26| to==27) **OR FROM MAYDA/PERI&OTTAVIANO *use: entry_laws_tight *or use: stay_laws_tight ************************************** ***LINGUISTIC VARIABLES ************************************** *********************** *****LINGUISTIC distance *********************** gen index9=index gen commonL=1 if index==1 replace commonL=0 if commonL==. tab index tab index9 *DYEN INDEX gen lndyen=ln(Dyen) gen lndyenAll=ln(DyenAll) gen lndyenMajor=ln(DyenMajor) *****Dummy for WIDELY SPOKEN LANGUAGES - language dummies for english, spanish, german, french and italian, : *drop Span Engl Ger French Ital Port *English: Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, UK, US, gen Engl =(to==1 | to==4 | to==13| to==20| to==29|to==30) *Spanish: Spain and Mexico gen Span= (to==25| to==18) *German: Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland gen Ger = (to==2 | to==9 | to==17 |to==27) *French: Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland gen French = (to==3 | to==4| to==8 |to==17|to==27) *Italian: Italy, Switzerland gen Ital= (to==14|to==27) *Portuguese gen Port= (to==23) *SpaItPortMex gen SpaItPort=(to==25|to==27|to==14|to==23| to==18) *Roman (added mexico) gen Roman=(to==25|to==27|to==14|to==23|to==3| to==4| to==8 |to==17|to==27| to==18) *Other languages - the ommited variable: *gen OtherLang= (to==5|to==6|to==7|to==10|to==11|to==12|to==15|to==19|to==21|to==22|to==24|to==26) ********************** * NETWORKS OF FOREIGN POPULATION BY LANGUAGE GROUPS (decide whether any off/major/minor language spoken in the country or only based on OFF1) ********************** *Fourth Level of the linguistic tree *definition of languages, see do-file "Language_Families_program_All_Relations_EnricJola gen Kabyle=0 gen MalayoC = 0 gen AtlanticS = 0 gen Oirat = 0 gen SumbawanNE = 0 gen Kanauri = 0 gen Kamuri = 0 gen NiloticS = 0 gen Quichean = 0 gen Bongo = 0 gen VoltaCongoN = 0 gen Kwa = 0 gen IranianE = 0 gen TamilKodagu = 0 gen BerberNA = 0 gen CreoleEngAW = 0 gen CreoleEngAE = 0 gen AtlanticN = 0 gen MalayoE = 0 gen Oromo = 0 gen Frisian = 0 gen Goidelic = 0 gen SemiticCS = 0 gen English=0 gen GermanH=0 gen LSaxonLFranconian=0 gen CzechSlovak=0 gen ScandinavianE=0 gen ItaloW=0 gen ScandinavianW=0 gen Lechitic=0 gen Turkish=0 gen SemiticSA=0 gen IndoAryanE=0 gen SlavikSW=0 gen SlavikSE=0 gen Khmer=0 gen Ethiopian=0 gen IndoAryanEC=0 gen IndoAryanC=0 gen MalayoSNE=0 gen IranianW=0 gen SemiticCC=0 gen TaiSek=0 gen IndoAryanNW=0 gen GCPhillip=0 gen RomanceE=0 gen Somali=0 gen Sinhalese=0 gen Vietnamese=0 gen Benue=0 gen Azerb=0 gen Aralo=0 gen BaritoE=0 gen MandeCSW=0 gen Burmish=0 gen IndoAryanN=0 gen ChadicWA=0 replace Kabyle=1 if off1i=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if off1i == "tet" | off1i=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if off1i == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if off1i == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if off1i == "zsm" | off1i=="iba" | off1i=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if off1i == "dzo" | off1i=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if off1i == "aig" | off1i=="svc" | off1i=="vic" | off1i=="tch" | off1i=="bah" | off1i=="gcl" | off1i=="gyn" | off1i=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if off1i == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if off1i == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if off1i == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if off1i == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if off1i == "mos" | off1i=="kbp" | off1i=="gbp" | off1i=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if off1i == "fon" | off1i=="bci" | off1i=="aka" | off1i=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if off1i == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if off1i == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if off1i == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if off1i == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if off1i == "ble" | off1i=="fuc" | off1i== "wol" | off1i== "fuf"| off1i=="fuh" | off1i=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if off1i == "fij" | off1i=="tox" | off1i=="sov" | off1i=="cal" | off1i=="wls" | off1i=="yap" | off1i=="pon" | off1i=="kpg" | off1i=="kos" | off1i=="chk" | off1i=="tah" | off1i=="tvl" | off1i=="ton" | off1i=="smo" | off1i=="nau" | off1i=="mah" | off1i=="gil" | off1i=="rkh" | off1i=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if off1i == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if off1i == "arq" | off1i=="arb" | off1i=="apd" | off1i=="acx" | off1i=="mey" | off1i=="mlt" | off1i=="afb" | off1i=="abv" | off1i == "shu" | off1i== "ayn" | off1i== "acq" | off1i== "ayl" | off1i=="arz" | off1i== "avl" | off1i=="aec" | off1i == "acm" | off1i == "ayp" | off1i == "ajp" | off1i == "apc" | off1i == "ary" | off1i=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if off1i == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if off1i == "gle" | off1i=="glv" replace English=1 if off1i == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if off1i == "deu" |off1i=="ltz"|off1i=="lim"|off1i=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if off1i == "nld" |off1i=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if off1i == "ces" |off1i== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if off1i == "dan" |off1i=="nob" |off1i=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if off1i == "fra" |off1i=="ita" |off1i=="spa" |off1i=="por"|off1i=="lmo"|off1i=="cat"|off1i=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if off1i == "isl" | off1i=="fao" |off1i=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if off1i == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if off1i == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if off1i == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if off1i == "ben" | off1i=="bho" | off1i=="cit" | off1i=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if off1i == "bos" |off1i=="hrv" |off1i=="src" |off1i=="slv"|off1i=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if off1i == "bul" | off1i=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if off1i == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if off1i == "amh" | off1i=="tir" | off1i=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if off1i == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if off1i == "hin" | off1i=="pan" | off1i=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if off1i == "ind" |off1i=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if off1i == "pes" |off1i=="prs" |off1i=="tgk"|off1i=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if off1i == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if off1i == "lao" |off1i=="tha" | off1i=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if off1i == "snd" | off1i=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if off1i == "tgl" | off1i=="fil" | off1i=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if off1i == "ron" replace Somali=1 if off1i == "som" | off1i== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if off1i == "sin" | off1i=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if off1i == "vie" replace Benue=1 if off1i == "lua" |off1i=="bum" |off1i=="swc"| off1i=="kck" | off1i== "bem" | off1i== "sna" | off1i=="run" | off1i=="yao" | off1i=="tum" | off1i=="lug" | off1i=="nyn" | off1i=="swh" | off1i=="suk" | off1i== "kik" | off1i == "btb" |off1i=="nya" |off1i=="yor" |off1i=="kin"| off1i=="kmb"| off1i=="umb"| off1i=="kng" | off1i=="mck" | off1i=="cjk" | off1i=="kua" | off1i=="vmw" | off1i=="ndc" | off1i == "zul" | off1i=="swb" | off1i=="ssw" | off1i=="ndo" | off1i=="puu" | off1i=="fan" | off1i=="zdj" | off1i=="ned" | off1i=="ibo" | off1i=="bin" | off1i=="lin" | off1i == "tsn" | off1i == "sot" | off1i == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if off1i == "azj" | off1i == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if off1i == "kaz" | off1i=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if off1i == "plt" | off1i== "xmw" | off1i=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if off1i == "bam" | off1i=="men" | off1i=="mnk" | off1i == "dyu" | off1i== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if off1i == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if off1i == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if off1i == "hau" *off2i replace Kabyle=1 if off2i=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if off2i == "tet" | off2i=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if off2i == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if off2i == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if off2i == "zsm" | off2i=="iba" | off2i=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if off2i == "dzo" | off2i=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if off2i == "aig" | off2i=="svc" | off2i=="vic" | off2i=="tch" | off2i=="bah" | off2i=="gcl" | off2i=="gyn" | off2i=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if off2i == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if off2i == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if off2i == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if off2i == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if off2i == "mos" | off2i=="kbp" | off2i=="gbp" | off2i=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if off2i == "fon" | off2i=="bci" | off2i=="aka" | off2i=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if off2i == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if off2i == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if off2i == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if off2i == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if off2i == "ble" | off2i=="fuc" | off2i== "wol" | off2i== "fuf"| off2i=="fuh" | off2i=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if off2i == "fij" | off2i=="tox" | off2i=="sov" | off2i=="cal" | off2i=="wls" | off2i=="yap" | off2i=="pon" | off2i=="kpg" | off2i=="kos" | off2i=="chk" | off2i=="tah" | off2i=="tvl" | off2i=="ton" | off2i=="smo" | off2i=="nau" | off2i=="mah" | off2i=="gil" | off2i=="rkh" | off2i=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if off2i == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if off2i == "arq" | off2i=="arb" | off2i=="apd" | off2i=="acx" | off2i=="mey" | off2i=="mlt" | off2i=="afb" | off2i=="abv" | off2i == "shu" | off2i== "ayn" | off2i== "acq" | off2i== "ayl" | off2i=="arz" | off2i== "avl" | off2i=="aec" | off2i == "acm" | off2i == "ayp" | off2i == "ajp" | off2i == "apc" | off2i == "ary" | off2i=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if off2i == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if off2i == "gle" | off2i=="glv" replace English=1 if off2i == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if off2i == "deu" |off2i=="ltz"|off2i=="lim"|off2i=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if off2i == "nld" |off2i=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if off2i == "ces" |off2i== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if off2i == "dan" |off2i=="nob" |off2i=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if off2i == "fra" |off2i=="ita" |off2i=="spa" |off2i=="por"|off2i=="lmo"|off2i=="cat"|off2i=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if off2i == "isl" | off2i=="fao" |off2i=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if off2i == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if off2i == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if off2i == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if off2i == "ben" | off2i=="bho" | off2i=="cit" | off2i=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if off2i == "bos" |off2i=="hrv" |off2i=="src" |off2i=="slv"|off2i=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if off2i == "bul" | off2i=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if off2i == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if off2i == "amh" | off2i=="tir" | off2i=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if off2i == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if off2i == "hin" | off2i=="pan" | off2i=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if off2i == "ind" |off2i=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if off2i == "pes" |off2i=="prs" |off2i=="tgk"|off2i=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if off2i == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if off2i == "lao" |off2i=="tha" | off2i=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if off2i == "snd" | off2i=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if off2i == "tgl" | off2i=="fil" | off2i=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if off2i == "ron" replace Somali=1 if off2i == "som" | off2i== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if off2i == "sin" | off2i=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if off2i == "vie" replace Benue=1 if off2i == "lua" |off2i=="bum" |off2i=="swc"| off2i=="kck" | off2i== "bem" | off2i== "sna" | off2i=="run" | off2i=="yao" | off2i=="tum" | off2i=="lug" | off2i=="nyn" | off2i=="swh" | off2i=="suk" | off2i=="kik" | off2i == "btb" |off2i=="nya" |off2i=="yor" |off2i=="kin"| off2i=="kmb"| off2i=="umb"| off2i=="kng" | off2i=="mck" | off2i=="cjk" | off2i=="kua" | off2i=="vmw" | off2i=="ndc" | off2i == "zul" | off2i=="swb" | off2i=="ssw" | off2i=="ndo" | off2i=="puu" | off2i=="fan" | off2i=="zdj" | off2i=="ned" | off2i=="ibo" | off2i=="bin" | off2i=="lin" | off2i == "tsn" | off2i == "sot" | off2i == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if off2i == "azj" | off2i == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if off2i == "kaz" | off2i=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if off2i == "plt" | off2i== "xmw" | off2i=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if off2i == "bam" | off2i=="men" | off2i=="mnk" | off2i== "dyu" | off2i=="emk" replace Burmish=1 if off2i == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if off2i == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if off2i == "hau" *off3i replace Kabyle=1 if off3i=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if off3i == "tet" | off3i=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if off3i == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if off3i == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if off3i == "zsm" | off3i=="iba" | off3i=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if off3i == "dzo" | off3i=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if off3i == "aig" | off3i=="svc" | off3i=="vic" | off3i=="tch" | off3i=="bah" | off3i=="gcl" | off3i=="gyn" | off3i=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if off3i == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if off3i == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if off3i == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if off3i == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if off3i == "mos" | off3i=="kbp" | off3i=="gbp" | off3i=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if off3i == "fon" | off3i=="bci" | off3i=="aka" | off3i=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if off3i == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if off3i == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if off3i == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if off3i == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if off3i == "ble" | off3i=="fuc" | off3i== "wol" | off3i== "fuf"| off3i=="fuh" | off3i=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if off3i == "fij" | off3i=="tox" | off3i=="sov" | off3i=="cal" | off3i=="wls" | off3i=="yap" | off3i=="pon" | off3i=="kpg" | off3i=="kos" | off3i=="chk" | off3i=="tah" | off3i=="tvl" | off3i=="ton" | off3i=="smo" | off3i=="nau" | off3i=="mah" | off3i=="gil" | off3i=="rkh" | off3i=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if off3i == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if off3i == "arq" | off3i=="arb" | off3i=="apd" | off3i=="acx" | off3i=="mey" | off3i=="mlt" | off3i=="afb" | off3i=="abv" | off3i == "shu" | off3i== "ayn" | off3i== "acq" | off3i== "ayl" | off3i=="arz" | off3i== "avl" | off3i=="aec" | off3i == "acm" | off3i == "ayp" | off3i == "ajp" | off3i == "apc" | off3i == "ary" | off3i=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if off3i == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if off3i == "gle" | off3i=="glv" replace English=1 if off3i == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if off3i == "deu" |off3i=="ltz"|off3i=="lim"|off3i=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if off3i == "nld" |off3i=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if off3i == "ces" |off3i== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if off3i == "dan" |off3i=="nob" |off3i=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if off3i == "fra" |off3i=="ita" |off3i=="spa" |off3i=="por"|off3i=="lmo"|off3i=="cat"|off3i=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if off3i == "isl" | off3i=="fao" |off3i=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if off3i == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if off3i == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if off3i == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if off3i == "ben" | off3i=="bho" | off3i=="cit" | off3i=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if off3i == "bos" |off3i=="hrv" |off3i=="src" |off3i=="slv"|off3i=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if off3i == "bul" | off3i=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if off3i == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if off3i == "amh" | off3i=="tir" | off3i=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if off3i == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if off3i == "hin" | off3i=="pan" | off3i=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if off3i == "ind" |off3i=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if off3i == "pes" |off3i=="prs" |off3i=="tgk"|off3i=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if off3i == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if off3i == "lao" |off3i=="tha" | off3i=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if off3i == "snd" | off3i=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if off3i == "tgl" | off3i=="fil" | off3i=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if off3i == "ron" replace Somali=1 if off3i == "som" | off3i== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if off3i == "sin" | off3i=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if off3i == "vie" replace Benue=1 if off3i == "lua" |off3i=="bum" |off3i=="swc"| off3i=="kck" | off3i== "bem" | off3i== "sna" | off3i=="run" | off3i=="yao" | off3i=="tum" | off3i=="lug" | off3i=="nyn" | off3i=="swh" | off3i=="suk" | off3i== "kik" | off3i == "btb" |off3i=="nya" |off3i=="yor" |off3i=="kin"| off3i=="kmb"| off3i=="umb"| off3i=="kng" | off3i=="mck" | off3i=="cjk" | off3i=="kua" | off3i=="vmw" | off3i=="ndc" | off3i == "zul" | off3i=="swb" | off3i=="ssw" | off3i=="ndo" | off3i=="puu" | off3i=="fan" | off3i=="zdj" | off3i=="ned" | off3i=="ibo" | off3i=="bin" | off3i=="lin" | off3i == "tsn" | off3i == "sot" | off3i == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if off3i == "azj" | off3i == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if off3i == "kaz" | off3i=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if off3i == "plt" | off3i== "xmw" | off3i=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if off3i == "bam" | off3i=="men" | off3i=="mnk" | off3i == "dyu" | off3i== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if off3i == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if off3i == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if off3i == "hau" *off4i replace Kabyle=1 if off4i=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if off4i == "tet" | off4i=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if off4i == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if off4i == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if off4i == "zsm" | off4i=="iba" | off4i=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if off4i == "dzo" | off4i=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if off4i == "aig" | off4i=="svc" | off4i=="vic" | off4i=="tch" | off4i=="bah" | off4i=="gcl" | off4i=="gyn" | off4i=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if off4i == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if off4i == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if off4i == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if off4i == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if off4i == "mos" | off4i=="kbp" | off4i=="gbp" | off4i=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if off4i == "fon" | off4i=="bci" | off4i=="aka" | off4i=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if off4i == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if off4i == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if off4i == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if off4i == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if off4i == "ble" | off4i=="fuc" | off4i== "wol" | off4i== "fuf"| off4i=="fuh" | off4i=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if off4i == "fij" | off4i=="tox" | off4i=="sov" | off4i=="cal" | off4i=="wls" | off4i=="yap" | off4i=="pon" | off4i=="kpg" | off4i=="kos" | off4i=="chk" | off4i=="tah" | off4i=="tvl" | off4i=="ton" | off4i=="smo" | off4i=="nau" | off4i=="mah" | off4i=="gil" | off4i=="rkh" | off4i=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if off4i == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if off4i == "arq" | off4i=="arb" | off4i=="apd" | off4i=="acx" | off4i=="mey" | off4i=="mlt" | off4i=="afb" | off4i=="abv" | off4i == "shu" | off4i== "ayn" | off4i== "acq" | off4i== "ayl" | off4i=="arz" | off4i== "avl" | off4i=="aec" | off4i == "acm" | off4i == "ayp" | off4i == "ajp" | off4i == "apc" | off4i == "ary" | off4i=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if off4i == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if off4i == "gle" | off4i=="glv" replace English=1 if off4i == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if off4i == "deu" |off4i=="ltz"|off4i=="lim"|off4i=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if off4i == "nld" |off4i=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if off4i == "ces" |off4i== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if off4i == "dan" |off4i=="nob" |off4i=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if off4i == "fra" |off4i=="ita" |off4i=="spa" |off4i=="por"|off4i=="lmo"|off4i=="cat"|off4i=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if off4i == "isl" | off4i=="fao" |off4i=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if off4i == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if off4i == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if off4i == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if off4i == "ben" | off4i=="bho" | off4i=="cit" | off4i=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if off4i == "bos" |off4i=="hrv" |off4i=="src" |off4i=="slv"|off4i=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if off4i == "bul" | off4i=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if off4i == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if off4i == "amh" | off4i=="tir" | off4i=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if off4i == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if off4i == "hin" | off4i=="pan" | off4i=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if off4i == "ind" |off4i=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if off4i == "pes" |off4i=="prs" |off4i=="tgk"|off4i=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if off4i == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if off4i == "lao" |off4i=="tha" | off4i=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if off4i == "snd" | off4i=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if off4i == "tgl" | off4i=="fil" | off4i=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if off4i == "ron" replace Somali=1 if off4i == "som" | off4i== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if off4i == "sin" | off4i=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if off4i == "vie" replace Benue=1 if off4i == "lua" |off4i=="bum" |off4i=="swc"| off4i=="kck" | off4i== "bem" | off4i== "sna" | off4i=="run" | off4i=="yao" | off4i=="tum" | off4i=="lug" | off4i=="nyn" | off4i=="swh" | off4i=="suk" | off4i== "kik" | off4i == "btb" |off4i=="nya" |off4i=="yor" |off4i=="kin"| off4i=="kmb"| off4i=="umb"| off4i=="kng" | off4i=="mck" | off4i=="cjk" | off4i=="kua" | off4i=="vmw" | off4i=="ndc" | off4i == "zul" | off4i=="swb" | off4i=="ssw" | off4i=="ndo" | off4i=="puu" | off4i=="fan" | off4i=="zdj" | off4i=="ned" | off4i=="ibo" | off4i=="bin" | off4i=="lin" | off4i == "tsn" | off4i == "sot" | off4i == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if off4i == "azj" | off4i == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if off4i == "kaz" | off4i=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if off4i == "plt" | off4i== "xmw" | off4i=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if off4i == "bam" | off4i=="men" | off4i=="mnk" | off4i == "dyu" | off4i== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if off4i == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if off4i == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if off4i == "hau" *off5i replace Kabyle=1 if off5i=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if off5i == "tet" | off5i=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if off5i == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if off5i == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if off5i == "zsm" | off5i=="iba" | off5i=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if off5i == "dzo" | off5i=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if off5i == "aig" | off5i=="svc" | off5i=="vic" | off5i=="tch" | off5i=="bah" | off5i=="gcl" | off5i=="gyn" | off5i=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if off5i == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if off5i == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if off5i == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if off5i == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if off5i == "mos" | off5i=="kbp" | off5i=="gbp" | off5i=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if off5i == "fon" | off5i=="bci" | off5i=="aka" | off5i=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if off5i == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if off5i == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if off5i == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if off5i == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if off5i == "ble" | off5i=="fuc" | off5i== "wol" | off5i== "fuf"| off5i=="fuh" | off5i=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if off5i == "fij" | off5i=="tox" | off5i=="sov" | off5i=="cal" | off5i=="wls" | off5i=="yap" | off5i=="pon" | off5i=="kpg" | off5i=="kos" | off5i=="chk" | off5i=="tah" | off5i=="tvl" | off5i=="ton" | off5i=="smo" | off5i=="nau" | off5i=="mah" | off5i=="gil" | off5i=="rkh" | off5i=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if off5i == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if off5i == "arq" | off5i=="arb" | off5i=="apd" | off5i=="acx" | off5i=="mey" | off5i=="mlt" | off5i=="afb" | off5i=="abv" | off5i == "shu" | off5i== "ayn" | off5i== "acq" | off5i== "ayl" | off5i=="arz" | off5i== "avl" | off5i=="aec" | off5i == "acm" | off5i == "ayp" | off5i == "ajp" | off5i == "apc" | off5i == "ary" | off5i=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if off5i == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if off5i == "gle" | off5i=="glv" replace English=1 if off5i == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if off5i == "deu" |off5i=="ltz"|off5i=="lim"|off5i=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if off5i == "nld" |off5i=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if off5i == "ces" |off5i== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if off5i == "dan" |off5i=="nob" |off5i=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if off5i == "fra" |off5i=="ita" |off5i=="spa" |off5i=="por"|off5i=="lmo"|off5i=="cat"|off5i=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if off5i == "isl" | off5i=="fao" |off5i=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if off5i == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if off5i == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if off5i == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if off5i == "ben" | off5i=="bho" | off5i=="cit" | off5i=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if off5i == "bos" |off5i=="hrv" |off5i=="src" |off5i=="slv"|off5i=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if off5i == "bul" | off5i=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if off5i == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if off5i == "amh" | off5i=="tir" | off5i=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if off5i == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if off5i == "hin" | off5i=="pan" | off5i=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if off5i == "ind" |off5i=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if off5i == "pes" |off5i=="prs" |off5i=="tgk"|off5i=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if off5i == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if off5i == "lao" |off5i=="tha" | off5i=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if off5i == "snd" | off5i=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if off5i == "tgl" | off5i=="fil" | off5i=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if off5i == "ron" replace Somali=1 if off5i == "som" | off5i== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if off5i == "sin" | off5i=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if off5i == "vie" replace Benue=1 if off5i == "lua" |off5i=="bum" |off5i=="swc"| off5i=="kck" | off5i== "bem" | off5i== "sna" | off5i=="run" | off5i=="yao" | off5i=="tum" | off5i=="lug" | off5i=="nyn" | off5i=="swh" | off5i=="suk" | off5i== "kik" | off5i == "btb" |off5i=="nya" |off5i=="yor" |off5i=="kin"| off5i=="kmb"| off5i=="umb"| off5i=="kng" | off5i=="mck" | off5i=="cjk" | off5i=="kua" | off5i=="vmw" | off5i=="ndc" | off5i == "zul" | off5i=="swb" | off5i=="ssw" | off5i=="ndo" | off5i=="puu" | off5i=="fan" | off5i=="zdj" | off5i=="ned" | off5i=="ibo" | off5i=="bin" | off5i=="lin" | off5i == "tsn" | off5i == "sot" | off5i == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if off5i == "azj" | off5i == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if off5i == "kaz" | off5i=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if off5i == "plt" | off5i== "xmw" | off5i=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if off5i == "bam" | off5i=="men" | off5i=="mnk" | off5i == "dyu" | off5i== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if off5i == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if off5i == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if off5i == "hau" *off6i replace Kabyle=1 if off6i=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if off6i == "tet" | off6i=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if off6i == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if off6i == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if off6i == "zsm" | off6i=="iba" | off6i=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if off6i == "dzo" | off6i=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if off6i == "aig" | off6i=="svc" | off6i=="vic" | off6i=="tch" | off6i=="bah" | off6i=="gcl" | off6i=="gyn" | off6i=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if off6i == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if off6i == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if off6i == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if off6i == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if off6i == "mos" | off6i=="kbp" | off6i=="gbp" | off6i=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if off6i == "fon" | off6i=="bci" | off6i=="aka" | off6i=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if off6i == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if off6i == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if off6i == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if off6i == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if off6i == "ble" | off6i=="fuc" | off6i== "wol" | off6i== "fuf"| off6i=="fuh" | off6i=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if off6i == "fij" | off6i=="tox" | off6i=="sov" | off6i=="cal" | off6i=="wls" | off6i=="yap" | off6i=="pon" | off6i=="kpg" | off6i=="kos" | off6i=="chk" | off6i=="tah" | off6i=="tvl" | off6i=="ton" | off6i=="smo" | off6i=="nau" | off6i=="mah" | off6i=="gil" | off6i=="rkh" | off6i=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if off6i == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if off6i == "arq" | off6i=="arb" | off6i=="apd" | off6i=="acx" | off6i=="mey" | off6i=="mlt" | off6i=="afb" | off6i=="abv" | off6i == "shu" | off6i== "ayn" | off6i== "acq" | off6i== "ayl" | off6i=="arz" | off6i== "avl" | off6i=="aec" | off6i == "acm" | off6i == "ayp" | off6i == "ajp" | off6i == "apc" | off6i == "ary" | off6i=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if off6i == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if off6i == "gle" | off6i=="glv" replace English=1 if off6i == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if off6i == "deu" |off6i=="ltz"|off6i=="lim"|off6i=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if off6i == "nld" |off6i=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if off6i == "ces" |off6i== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if off6i == "dan" |off6i=="nob" |off6i=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if off6i == "fra" |off6i=="ita" |off6i=="spa" |off6i=="por"|off6i=="lmo"|off6i=="cat"|off6i=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if off6i == "isl" | off6i=="fao" |off6i=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if off6i == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if off6i == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if off6i == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if off6i == "ben" | off6i=="bho" | off6i=="cit" | off6i=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if off6i == "bos" |off6i=="hrv" |off6i=="src" |off6i=="slv"|off6i=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if off6i == "bul" | off6i=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if off6i == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if off6i == "amh" | off6i=="tir" | off6i=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if off6i == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if off6i == "hin" | off6i=="pan" | off6i=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if off6i == "ind" |off6i=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if off6i == "pes" |off6i=="prs" |off6i=="tgk"|off6i=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if off6i == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if off6i == "lao" |off6i=="tha" | off6i=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if off6i == "snd" | off6i=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if off6i == "tgl" | off6i=="fil" | off6i=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if off6i == "ron" replace Somali=1 if off6i == "som" | off6i== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if off6i == "sin" | off6i=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if off6i == "vie" replace Benue=1 if off6i == "lua" |off6i=="bum" |off6i=="swc"| off6i=="kck" | off6i== "bem" | off6i== "sna" | off6i=="run" | off6i=="yao" | off6i=="tum" | off6i=="lug" | off6i=="nyn" | off6i=="swh" | off6i=="suk" | off6i== "kik" | off6i == "btb" |off6i=="nya" |off6i=="yor" |off6i=="kin"| off6i=="kmb"| off6i=="umb"| off6i=="kng" | off6i=="mck" | off6i=="cjk" | off6i=="kua" | off6i=="vmw" | off6i=="ndc" | off6i == "zul" | off6i=="swb" | off6i=="ssw" | off6i=="ndo" | off6i=="puu" | off6i=="fan" | off6i=="zdj" | off6i=="ned" | off6i=="ibo" | off6i=="bin" | off6i=="lin" | off6i == "tsn" | off6i == "sot" | off6i == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if off6i == "azj" | off6i == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if off6i == "kaz" | off6i=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if off6i == "plt" | off6i== "xmw" | off6i=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if off6i == "bam" | off6i=="men" | off6i=="mnk" | off6i == "dyu" | off6i== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if off6i == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if off6i == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if off6i == "hau" *majori replace Kabyle=1 if majori=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if majori == "tet" | majori=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if majori == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if majori == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if majori == "zsm" | majori=="iba" | majori=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if majori == "dzo" | majori=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if majori == "aig" | majori=="svc" | majori=="vic" | majori=="tch" | majori=="bah" | majori=="gcl" | majori=="gyn" | majori=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if majori == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if majori == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if majori == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if majori == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if majori == "mos" | majori=="kbp" | majori=="gbp" | majori=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if majori == "fon" | majori=="bci" | majori=="aka" | majori=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if majori == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if majori == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if majori == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if majori == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if majori == "ble" | majori=="fuc" | majori== "wol" | majori== "fuf"| majori=="fuh" | majori=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if majori == "fij" | majori=="tox" | majori=="sov" | majori=="cal" | majori=="wls" | majori=="yap" | majori=="pon" | majori=="kpg" | majori=="kos" | majori=="chk" | majori=="tah" | majori=="tvl" | majori=="ton" | majori=="smo" | majori=="nau" | majori=="mah" | majori=="gil" | majori=="rkh" | majori=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if majori == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if majori == "arq" | majori=="arb" | majori=="apd" | majori=="acx" | majori=="mey" | majori=="mlt" | majori=="afb" | majori=="abv" | majori == "shu" | majori== "ayn" | majori== "acq" | majori== "ayl" | majori=="arz" | majori== "avl" | majori=="aec" | majori == "acm" | majori == "ayp" | majori == "ajp" | majori == "apc" | majori == "ary" | majori=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if majori == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if majori == "gle" | majori=="glv" replace English=1 if majori == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if majori == "deu" |majori=="ltz"|majori=="lim"|majori=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if majori == "nld" |majori=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if majori == "ces" |majori== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if majori == "dan" |majori=="nob" |majori=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if majori == "fra" |majori=="ita" |majori=="spa" |majori=="por"|majori=="lmo"|majori=="cat"|majori=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if majori == "isl" | majori=="fao" |majori=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if majori == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if majori == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if majori == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if majori == "ben" | majori=="bho" | majori=="cit" | majori=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if majori == "bos" |majori=="hrv" |majori=="src" |majori=="slv"|majori=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if majori == "bul" | majori=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if majori == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if majori == "amh" | majori=="tir" | majori=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if majori == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if majori == "hin" | majori=="pan" | majori=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if majori == "ind" |majori=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if majori == "pes" |majori=="prs" |majori=="tgk"|majori=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if majori == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if majori == "lao" |majori=="tha" | majori=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if majori == "snd" | majori=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if majori == "tgl" | majori=="fil" | majori=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if majori == "ron" replace Somali=1 if majori == "som" | majori== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if majori == "sin" | majori=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if majori == "vie" replace Benue=1 if majori == "lua" |majori=="bum" |majori=="swc"| majori=="kck" | majori== "bem" | majori== "sna" | majori=="run" | majori=="yao" | majori=="tum" | majori=="lug" | majori=="nyn" | majori=="swh" | majori=="suk" | majori== "kik" | majori == "btb" |majori=="nya" |majori=="yor" |majori=="kin"| majori=="kmb"| majori=="umb"| majori=="kng" | majori=="mck" | majori=="cjk" | majori=="kua" | majori=="vmw" | majori=="ndc" | majori == "zul" | majori=="swb" | majori=="ssw" | majori=="ndo" | majori=="puu" | majori=="fan" | majori=="zdj" | majori=="ned" | majori=="ibo" | majori=="bin" | majori=="lin" | majori == "tsn" | majori == "sot" | majori == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if majori == "azj" | majori == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if majori == "kaz" | majori=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if majori == "plt" | majori== "xmw" | majori=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if majori == "bam" | majori=="men" | majori=="mnk" | majori == "dyu" | majori== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if majori == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if majori == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if majori == "hau" *minori replace Kabyle=1 if minori=="kab" replace MalayoC = 1 if minori == "tet" | minori=="tkd" replace AtlanticS = 1 if minori == "tem" replace Oirat = 1 if minori == "khk" replace SumbawanNE = 1 if minori == "zsm" | minori=="iba" | minori=="kxd" replace Kanauri = 1 if minori == "dzo" | minori=="tsj" replace CreoleEngAE=1 if minori == "aig" | minori=="svc" | minori=="vic" | minori=="tch" | minori=="bah" | minori=="gcl" | minori=="gyn" | minori=="bjs" replace Kamuri=1 if minori == "knc" replace NiloticS=1 if minori == "kln" replace Quichean=1 if minori == "quc" replace Bongo=1 if minori == "sba" replace VoltaCongoN=1 if minori == "mos" | minori=="kbp" | minori=="gbp" | minori=="gso" replace Kwa=1 if minori == "fon" | minori=="bci" | minori=="aka" | minori=="ewe" replace IranianE =1 if minori == "pbt" replace TamilKodagu=1 if minori == "tam" replace BerberNA=1 if minori == "shi" replace CreoleEngAW=1 if minori == "jam" replace AtlanticN=1 if minori == "ble" | minori=="fuc" | minori== "wol" | minori== "fuf"| minori=="fuh" | minori=="fuq" replace MalayoE=1 if minori == "fij" | minori=="tox" | minori=="sov" | minori=="cal" | minori=="wls" | minori=="yap" | minori=="pon" | minori=="kpg" | minori=="kos" | minori=="chk" | minori=="tah" | minori=="tvl" | minori=="ton" | minori=="smo" | minori=="nau" | minori=="mah" | minori=="gil" | minori=="rkh" | minori=="rar" replace Oromo=1 if minori == "gaz" replace SemiticCS=1 if minori == "arq" | minori=="arb" | minori=="apd" | minori=="acx" | minori=="mey" | minori=="mlt" | minori=="afb" | minori=="abv" | minori == "shu" | minori== "ayn" | minori== "acq" | minori== "ayl" | minori=="arz" | minori== "avl" | minori=="aec" | minori == "acm" | minori == "ayp" | minori == "ajp" | minori == "apc" | minori == "ary" | minori=="aeb" replace Frisian=1 if minori == "fri" replace Goidelic=1 if minori == "gle" | minori=="glv" replace English=1 if minori == "eng" replace GermanH=1 if minori == "deu" |minori=="ltz"|minori=="lim"|minori=="gsw" replace LSaxonLFranconian =1 if minori == "nld" |minori=="afr" replace CzechSlovak=1 if minori == "ces" |minori== "slk" replace ScandinavianE=1 if minori == "dan" |minori=="nob" |minori=="swe" replace ItaloW=1 if minori == "fra" |minori=="ita" |minori=="spa" |minori=="por"|minori=="lmo"|minori=="cat"|minori=="roh" replace ScandinavianW=1 if minori == "isl" | minori=="fao" |minori=="nno" replace Lechitic=1 if minori == "pol" replace Turkish=1 if minori == "tur" replace SemiticSA=1 if minori == "ara" replace IndoAryanE=1 if minori == "ben" | minori=="bho" | minori=="cit" | minori=="hns" replace SlavikSW=1 if minori == "bos" |minori=="hrv" |minori=="src" |minori=="slv"|minori=="srp" replace SlavikSE=1 if minori == "bul" | minori=="mkd" replace Khmer=1 if minori == "khm" replace Ethiopian=1 if minori == "amh" | minori=="tir" | minori=="tig" replace IndoAryanEC=1 if minori == "hif" replace IndoAryanC=1 if minori == "hin" | minori=="pan" | minori=="rmc" replace MalayoSNE=1 if minori == "ind" |minori=="mly" replace IranianW=1 if minori == "pes" |minori=="prs" |minori=="tgk"|minori=="kmr" replace SemiticCC=1 if minori == "heb" replace TaiSek=1 if minori == "lao" |minori=="tha" | minori=="tts" replace IndoAryanNW=1 if minori == "snd" | minori=="skr" replace GCPhillip=1 if minori == "tgl" | minori=="fil" | minori=="ceb" replace RomanceE=1 if minori == "ron" replace Somali=1 if minori == "som" | minori== "ymm" replace Sinhalese=1 if minori == "sin" | minori=="div" replace Vietnamese=1 if minori == "vie" replace Benue=1 if minori == "lua" |minori=="bum" |minori=="swc"| minori=="kck" | minori== "bem" | minori== "sna" | minori=="run" | minori=="yao" | minori=="tum" | minori=="lug" | minori=="nyn" | minori=="swh" | minori=="suk" | minori== "kik" | minori == "btb" |minori=="nya" |minori=="yor" |minori=="kin"| minori=="kmb"| minori=="umb"| minori=="kng" | minori=="mck" | minori=="cjk" | minori=="kua" | minori=="vmw" | minori=="ndc" | minori == "zul" | minori=="swb" | minori=="ssw" | minori=="ndo" | minori=="puu" | minori=="fan" | minori=="zdj" | minori=="ned" | minori=="ibo" | minori=="bin" | minori=="lin" | minori == "tsn" | minori == "sot" | minori == "xho" replace Azerb=1 if minori == "azj" | minori == "azb" replace Aralo=1 if minori == "kaz" | minori=="kir" replace BaritoE=1 if minori == "plt" | minori== "xmw" | minori=="buc" replace MandeCSW=1 if minori == "bam" | minori=="men" | minori=="mnk" | minori == "dyu" | minori== "emk" replace Burmish=1 if minori == "mya" replace IndoAryanN=1 if minori == "nep" replace ChadicWA=1 if minori == "hau" *creation Lang4 variable gen Lang4=1 if English==1 replace Lang4=1 if Kabyle==1 replace Lang4=2 if MalayoC == 1 replace Lang4=3 if AtlanticS == 1 replace Lang4=4 if Oirat == 1 replace Lang4=5 if SumbawanNE == 1 replace Lang4=6 if Kanauri == 1 replace Lang4=7 if Kamuri == 1 replace Lang4=8 if NiloticS == 1 replace Lang4=9 if Quichean == 1 replace Lang4=10 if Bongo == 1 replace Lang4=11 if VoltaCongoN == 1 replace Lang4=12 if Kwa == 1 replace Lang4=13 if IranianE == 1 replace Lang4=14 if TamilKodagu == 1 replace Lang4=15 if BerberNA == 1 replace Lang4=16 if CreoleEngAW == 1 replace Lang4=17 if CreoleEngAE == 1 replace Lang4=18 if AtlanticN == 1 replace Lang4=19 if MalayoE == 1 replace Lang4=20 if Oromo == 1 replace Lang4=21 if Frisian == 1 replace Lang4=22 if Goidelic == 1 replace Lang4=23 if SemiticCS == 1 replace Lang4=24 if GermanH==1 replace Lang4=25 if LSaxonLFranconian==1 replace Lang4=26 if CzechSlovak==1 replace Lang4=27 if ScandinavianE==1 replace Lang4=28 if ItaloW==1 replace Lang4=29 if ScandinavianW==1 replace Lang4=30 if Lechitic==1 replace Lang4=31 if Turkish==1 replace Lang4=32 if SemiticSA==1 replace Lang4=33 if IndoAryanE==1 replace Lang4=34 if SlavikSW==1 replace Lang4=35 if SlavikSE==1 replace Lang4=36 if Khmer==1 replace Lang4=37 if Ethiopian==1 replace Lang4=38 if IndoAryanEC==1 replace Lang4=39 if IndoAryanC==1 replace Lang4=40 if MalayoSNE==1 replace Lang4=41 if IranianW==1 replace Lang4=42 if SemiticCC==1 replace Lang4=43 if TaiSek==1 replace Lang4=44 if IndoAryanNW==1 replace Lang4=45 if GCPhillip==1 replace Lang4=46 if RomanceE==1 replace Lang4=47 if Somali==1 replace Lang4=48 if Sinhalese==1 replace Lang4=49 if Vietnamese==1 replace Lang4=50 if Benue==1 replace Lang4=51 if Azerb==1 replace Lang4=52 if Aralo==1 replace Lang4=53 if BaritoE==1 replace Lang4=54 if MandeCSW==1 replace Lang4=55 if Burmish==1 replace Lang4=56 if IndoAryanN==1 replace Lang4=57 if ChadicWA==1 sort year toj Lang4 *** we get the sum for every Lang4 group already in the first step: by year toj Lang4: egen sumstocksLang4= sum(stockij) if from~=142 *Linguistic emigration stock - to capture linguistic networks sort id year gen sumstocksLang4_1=sumstocksLang4[_n-1] replace sumstocksLang4_1=. if var3==1 gen lnstocksLang4=ln(sumstocksLang4) gen lnstocksLang4_1 = ln(sumstocksLang4_1) label var lnstocksLang4_1 "Log of linguistic networks4" *Network4 ratios per source country population: gen ESLang4_1= (sumstocksLang4_1/popi1)*1000 gen lnESLang4_1= ln(ESLang4_1) label var lnESLang4_1 "Log of linguistic network4 ratio per source country population" **Interaction of linguistic distance and linguistic network4 ratio in order to follow the suggestion of our referee gen IndESLang4= index9*lnESLang4_1 label var IndESLang4 "Interaction of Log of linguistic network4 ratio with index9" ************************* ***Third linguistic tree level ************************* *Third Level gen EastTimor = 0 gen Inuit = 0 gen CreoleEngP = 0 gen MongolicE = 0 gen Sumbawan = 0 gen Himalayish = 0 gen SaharaW = 0 gen Quechua2B = 0 gen SudanCW = 0 gen Quechua2C = 0 gen CreoleEngA = 0 gen Tosk=0 gen GermanicW=0 gen SlavicW=0 gen GermanicN=0 gen Romance=0 gen Attic=0 gen Ugric=0 gen TurkicS=0 gen Gheg=0 gen SemiticC=0 gen IndoAryan=0 gen SlavicS=0 gen MonKhmerE=0 gen SemiticS=0 gen SlavicE=0 gen MalayoPolynesianW=0 gen MalayoPolynesianCE=0 gen Iranian=0 gen Betai=0 gen Malayic=0 gen CushiticE=0 gen TurkicE=0 gen VietMuong=0 gen VoltaCongo=0 gen TurkicW=0 gen BalticE=0 gen Barito=0 gen MandeW=0 gen LoloBurmese=0 gen ChadicW=0 gen Guarani=0 gen Insular=0 gen BerberN=0 gen AtlanticCongoA=0 gen Telugu=0 gen MesoPhilippine=0 gen TamilKannada=0 gen Nilotic=0 gen GreaterQuichean=0 gen SonghaiS=0 replace EastTimor=1 if off1i == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if off1i == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if off1i == "tpi" | off1i=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if off1i == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if off1i == "zsm" | off1i=="iba" | off1i=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if off1i == "dzo" | off1i=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if off1i == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if off1i == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if off1i == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if off1i == "quz" | off1i == "quh" | off1i == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if off1i == "jam" | off1i=="aig" | off1i=="svc" | off1i=="vic" | off1i=="tch" | off1i=="bah" | off1i=="gcl" | off1i=="gyn" | off1i=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if off1i == "gsw" |off1i== "lim" |off1i== "fri" |off1i== "eng" |off1i== "deu" |off1i== "nld" |off1i== "ltz" |off1i== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if off1i == "ces" |off1i== "pol" |off1i== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if off1i == "nno" |off1i== "dan" |off1i== "isl" | off1i=="fao" |off1i== "nob" |off1i== "swe" replace Romance=1 if off1i == "cat" |off1i== "lmo" |off1i== "fra" |off1i== "ita" |off1i== "spa" |off1i== "por" |off1i== "ron"|off1i=="roh" replace Attic=1 if off1i == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if off1i == "azj" | off1i=="tuk" |off1i== "azb" |off1i== "tur" |off1i== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if off1i == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if off1i== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if off1i == "avl" | off1i=="arb" | off1i=="apd" | off1i=="acx" | off1i=="mey" | off1i=="mlt" | off1i=="afb" | off1i=="abv" |off1i== "ayl" |off1i== "acq" |off1i== "ayn" |off1i== "aeb" |off1i== "ary" |off1i== "aec" |off1i== "arz" |off1i== "arq" |off1i== "apc" |off1i== "ajp" |off1i== "ayp" |off1i== "acm" |off1i== "ara" |off1i== "heb" |off1i== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if off1i == "hns" |off1i== "skr" |off1i== "snd" |off1i== "cit" |off1i== "rmc" |off1i== "hif" |off1i== "ben" | off1i=="bho" |off1i== "hin" |off1i== "pan" |off1i== "sin" | off1i=="div" |off1i== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if off1i == "bos" |off1i== "bul" | off1i=="mkd" |off1i== "hrv" |off1i== "src" |off1i== "slv"|off1i=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if off1i == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if off1i == "tir" | off1i=="tig" |off1i== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if off1i == "rus" |off1i== "ukr" |off1i== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if off1i == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if off1i == "fij" | off1i=="tet" | off1i=="tkd" | off1i=="tox" | off1i=="sov" | off1i=="cal" | off1i=="wls" | off1i=="yap" | off1i=="pon" | off1i=="kpg" | off1i=="kos" | off1i=="chk" | off1i=="tah" | off1i=="tvl" | off1i=="ton" | off1i=="smo" | off1i=="nau" | off1i=="mah" | off1i=="gil" | off1i=="rkh" | off1i=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if off1i == "haz" |off1i== "pbt" |off1i== "kmr" |off1i== "pes" |off1i== "prs" |off1i== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if off1i == "tts" |off1i== "lao" |off1i== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if off1i == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if off1i == "ymm" |off1i== "gaz" |off1i== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if off1i == "uzn" |off1i== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if off1i == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if off1i == "yor" |off1i=="swc"|off1i=="bum" | off1i=="kck" | off1i=="tum" |off1i== "yao" | off1i=="bci" | off1i=="mos" | off1i=="kbp" | off1i=="gbp" | off1i=="gso" |off1i== "ewe" |off1i== "kik" |off1i== "btb" |off1i== "fon" |off1i== "swh" |off1i== "nyn" |off1i== "nya" |off1i== "bem" |off1i== "vmw" |off1i== "lua" |off1i== "xho" |off1i== "zul" | off1i=="swb" | off1i=="ssw" | off1i=="ndo" | off1i=="puu" | off1i=="fan" | off1i=="zdj" | off1i=="ned" | off1i=="ibo" | off1i=="bin" | off1i=="lin" | off1i == "tsn" | off1i == "sot" |off1i== "ndc" |off1i== "nde" |off1i== "sna" |off1i== "run" |off1i== "aka" | off1i== "lug" |off1i== "kin" |off1i== "suk" | off1i=="kmb"| off1i=="umb"| off1i=="kng" | off1i=="mck" | off1i=="cjk" | off1i=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if off1i == "kaz" | off1i=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if off1i == "lav" |off1i== "lit" replace Barito=1 if off1i == "plt" | off1i== "xmw" | off1i=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if off1i == "dyu" |off1i== "emk" |off1i== "bam" | off1i=="men" | off1i=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if off1i == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if off1i == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if off1i == "gug" replace Insular=1 if off1i == "gle" | off1i=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if off1i == "shi" |off1i== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if off1i == "fuf" | off1i=="tem" | off1i=="wol" |off1i== "fuc" |off1i== "ble" | off1i=="fuh" | off1i=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if off1i == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if off1i == "ceb" |off1i== "tgl" | off1i=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if off1i == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if off1i == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if off1i == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if off1i == "dje" *Off2i replace EastTimor=1 if off2i == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if off2i == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if off2i == "tpi" | off2i=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if off2i == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if off2i == "zsm" | off2i=="iba" | off2i=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if off2i == "dzo" | off2i=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if off2i == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if off2i == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if off2i == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if off2i == "quz" | off2i == "quh" | off2i == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if off2i == "jam" | off2i=="aig" | off2i=="svc" | off2i=="vic" | off2i=="tch" | off2i=="bah" | off2i=="gcl" | off2i=="gyn" | off2i=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if off2i == "gsw" |off2i== "lim" |off2i== "fri" |off2i== "eng" |off2i== "deu" |off2i== "nld" |off2i== "ltz" |off2i== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if off2i == "ces" |off2i== "pol" |off2i== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if off2i == "nno" |off2i== "dan" |off2i== "isl" | off2i=="fao" |off2i== "nob" |off2i== "swe" replace Romance=1 if off2i == "cat" |off2i== "lmo" |off2i== "fra" |off2i== "ita" |off2i== "spa" |off2i== "por" |off2i== "ron"|off2i=="roh" replace Attic=1 if off2i == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if off2i == "azj" | off2i=="tuk" |off2i== "azb" |off2i== "tur" |off2i== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if off2i == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if off2i== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if off2i == "avl" | off2i=="arb" | off2i=="apd" | off2i=="acx" | off2i=="mey" | off2i=="mlt" | off2i=="afb" | off2i=="abv" |off2i== "ayl" |off2i== "acq" |off2i== "ayn" |off2i== "aeb" |off2i== "ary" |off2i== "aec" |off2i== "arz" |off2i== "arq" |off2i== "apc" |off2i== "ajp" |off2i== "ayp" |off2i== "acm" |off2i== "ara" |off2i== "heb" |off2i== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if off2i == "hns" |off2i== "skr" |off2i== "snd" |off2i== "cit" |off2i== "rmc" |off2i== "hif" |off2i== "ben" | off2i=="bho" |off2i== "hin" |off2i== "pan" |off2i== "sin" | off2i=="div" |off2i== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if off2i == "bos" |off2i== "bul" | off2i=="mkd" |off2i== "hrv" |off2i== "src" |off2i== "slv"|off2i=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if off2i == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if off2i == "tir" | off2i=="tig" |off2i== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if off2i == "rus" |off2i== "ukr" |off2i== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if off2i == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if off2i == "fij" | off2i=="tet" | off2i=="tkd" | off2i=="tox" | off2i=="sov" | off2i=="cal" | off2i=="wls" | off2i=="yap" | off2i=="pon" | off2i=="kpg" | off2i=="kos" | off2i=="chk" | off2i=="tah" | off2i=="tvl" | off2i=="ton" | off2i=="smo" | off2i=="nau" | off2i=="mah" | off2i=="gil" | off2i=="rkh" | off2i=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if off2i == "haz" |off2i== "pbt" |off2i== "kmr" |off2i== "pes" |off2i== "prs" |off2i== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if off2i == "tts" |off2i== "lao" |off2i== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if off2i == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if off2i == "ymm" |off2i== "gaz" |off2i== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if off2i == "uzn" |off2i== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if off2i == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if off2i == "yor" |off2i=="swc"|off2i=="bum" | off2i=="kck" | off2i=="tum" |off2i== "yao" | off2i=="bci" | off2i=="mos" | off2i=="kbp" | off2i=="gbp" | off2i=="gso" |off2i== "ewe" |off2i== "kik" |off2i== "btb" |off2i== "fon" |off2i== "swh" |off2i== "nyn" |off2i== "nya" |off2i== "bem" |off2i== "vmw" |off2i== "lua" |off2i== "xho" |off2i== "zul" | off2i=="swb" | off2i=="ssw" | off2i=="ndo" | off2i=="puu" | off2i=="fan" | off2i=="zdj" | off2i=="ned" | off2i=="ibo" | off2i=="bin" | off2i=="lin" | off2i == "tsn" | off2i == "sot" |off2i== "ndc" |off2i== "nde" |off2i== "sna" |off2i== "run" |off2i== "aka" | off2i== "lug" |off2i== "kin" |off2i== "suk" | off2i=="kmb"| off2i=="umb"| off2i=="kng" | off2i=="mck" | off2i=="cjk" | off2i=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if off2i == "kaz" | off2i=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if off2i == "lav" |off2i== "lit" replace Barito=1 if off2i == "plt" | off2i== "xmw" | off2i=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if off2i == "dyu" |off2i== "emk" |off2i== "bam" | off2i=="men" | off2i=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if off2i == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if off2i == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if off2i == "gug" replace Insular=1 if off2i == "gle" | off2i=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if off2i == "shi" |off2i== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if off2i == "fuf" | off2i=="tem" | off2i=="wol" |off2i== "fuc" |off2i== "ble" | off2i=="fuh" | off2i=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if off2i == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if off2i == "ceb" |off2i== "tgl" | off2i=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if off2i == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if off2i == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if off2i == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if off2i == "dje" *Off3i replace EastTimor=1 if off3i == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if off3i == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if off3i == "tpi" | off3i=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if off3i == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if off3i == "zsm" | off3i=="iba" | off3i=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if off3i == "dzo" | off3i=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if off3i == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if off3i == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if off3i == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if off3i == "quz" | off3i == "quh" | off3i == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if off3i == "jam" | off3i=="aig" | off3i=="svc" | off3i=="vic" | off3i=="tch" | off3i=="bah" | off3i=="gcl" | off3i=="gyn" | off3i=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if off3i == "gsw" |off3i== "lim" |off3i== "fri" |off3i== "eng" |off3i== "deu" |off3i== "nld" |off3i== "ltz" |off3i== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if off3i == "ces" |off3i== "pol" |off3i== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if off3i == "nno" |off3i== "dan" |off3i== "isl" | off3i=="fao" |off3i== "nob" |off3i== "swe" replace Romance=1 if off3i == "cat" |off3i== "lmo" |off3i== "fra" |off3i== "ita" |off3i== "spa" |off3i== "por" |off3i== "ron"|off3i=="roh" replace Attic=1 if off3i == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if off3i == "azj" | off3i=="tuk" |off3i== "azb" |off3i== "tur" |off3i== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if off3i == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if off3i== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if off3i == "avl" | off3i=="arb" | off3i=="apd" | off3i=="acx" | off3i=="mey" | off3i=="mlt" | off3i=="afb" | off3i=="abv" |off3i== "ayl" |off3i== "acq" |off3i== "ayn" |off3i== "aeb" |off3i== "ary" |off3i== "aec" |off3i== "arz" |off3i== "arq" |off3i== "apc" |off3i== "ajp" |off3i== "ayp" |off3i== "acm" |off3i== "ara" |off3i== "heb" |off3i== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if off3i == "hns" |off3i== "skr" |off3i== "snd" |off3i== "cit" |off3i== "rmc" |off3i== "hif" |off3i== "ben" | off3i=="bho" |off3i== "hin" |off3i== "pan" |off3i== "sin" | off3i=="div" |off3i== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if off3i == "bos" |off3i== "bul" | off3i=="mkd" |off3i== "hrv" |off3i== "src" |off3i== "slv"|off3i=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if off3i == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if off3i == "tir" | off3i=="tig" |off3i== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if off3i == "rus" |off3i== "ukr" |off3i== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if off3i == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if off3i == "fij" | off3i=="tet" | off3i=="tkd" | off3i=="tox" | off3i=="sov" | off3i=="cal" | off3i=="wls" | off3i=="yap" | off3i=="pon" | off3i=="kpg" | off3i=="kos" | off3i=="chk" | off3i=="tah" | off3i=="tvl" | off3i=="ton" | off3i=="smo" | off3i=="nau" | off3i=="mah" | off3i=="gil" | off3i=="rkh" | off3i=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if off3i == "haz" |off3i== "pbt" |off3i== "kmr" |off3i== "pes" |off3i== "prs" |off3i== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if off3i == "tts" |off3i== "lao" |off3i== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if off3i == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if off3i == "ymm" |off3i== "gaz" |off3i== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if off3i == "uzn" |off3i== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if off3i == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if off3i == "yor" |off3i=="swc"|off3i=="bum" | off3i=="kck" | off3i=="tum" |off3i== "yao" | off3i=="bci" | off3i=="mos" | off3i=="kbp" | off3i=="gbp" | off3i=="gso" |off3i== "ewe" |off3i== "kik" |off3i== "btb" |off3i== "fon" |off3i== "swh" |off3i== "nyn" |off3i== "nya" |off3i== "bem" |off3i== "vmw" |off3i== "lua" |off3i== "xho" |off3i== "zul" | off3i=="swb" | off3i=="ssw" | off3i=="ndo" | off3i=="puu" | off3i=="fan" | off3i=="zdj" | off3i=="ned" | off3i=="ibo" | off3i=="bin" | off3i=="lin" | off3i == "tsn" | off3i == "sot" |off3i== "ndc" |off3i== "nde" |off3i== "sna" |off3i== "run" |off3i== "aka" | off3i== "lug" |off3i== "kin" |off3i== "suk" | off3i=="kmb"| off3i=="umb"| off3i=="kng" | off3i=="mck" | off3i=="cjk" | off3i=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if off3i == "kaz" | off3i=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if off3i == "lav" |off3i== "lit" replace Barito=1 if off3i == "plt" | off3i== "xmw" | off3i=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if off3i == "dyu" |off3i== "emk" |off3i== "bam" | off3i=="men" | off3i=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if off3i == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if off3i == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if off3i == "gug" replace Insular=1 if off3i == "gle" | off3i=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if off3i == "shi" |off3i== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if off3i == "fuf" | off3i=="tem" | off3i=="wol" |off3i== "fuc" |off3i== "ble" | off3i=="fuh" | off3i=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if off3i == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if off3i == "ceb" |off3i== "tgl" | off3i=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if off3i == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if off3i == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if off3i == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if off3i == "dje" *Off4i replace EastTimor=1 if off4i == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if off4i == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if off4i == "tpi" | off4i=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if off4i == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if off4i == "zsm" | off4i=="iba" | off4i=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if off4i == "dzo" | off4i=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if off4i == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if off4i == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if off4i == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if off4i == "quz" | off4i == "quh" | off4i == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if off4i == "jam" | off4i=="aig" | off4i=="svc" | off4i=="vic" | off4i=="tch" | off4i=="bah" | off4i=="gcl" | off4i=="gyn" | off4i=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if off4i == "gsw" |off4i== "lim" |off4i== "fri" |off4i== "eng" |off4i== "deu" |off4i== "nld" |off4i== "ltz" |off4i== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if off4i == "ces" |off4i== "pol" |off4i== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if off4i == "nno" |off4i== "dan" |off4i== "isl" | off4i=="fao" |off4i== "nob" |off4i== "swe" replace Romance=1 if off4i == "cat" |off4i== "lmo" |off4i== "fra" |off4i== "ita" |off4i== "spa" |off4i== "por" |off4i== "ron"|off4i=="roh" replace Attic=1 if off4i == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if off4i == "azj" | off4i=="tuk" |off4i== "azb" |off4i== "tur" |off4i== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if off4i == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if off4i== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if off4i == "avl" | off4i=="arb" | off4i=="apd" | off4i=="acx" | off4i=="mey" | off4i=="mlt" | off4i=="afb" | off4i=="abv" |off4i== "ayl" |off4i== "acq" |off4i== "ayn" |off4i== "aeb" |off4i== "ary" |off4i== "aec" |off4i== "arz" |off4i== "arq" |off4i== "apc" |off4i== "ajp" |off4i== "ayp" |off4i== "acm" |off4i== "ara" |off4i== "heb" |off4i== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if off4i == "hns" |off4i== "skr" |off4i== "snd" |off4i== "cit" |off4i== "rmc" |off4i== "hif" |off4i== "ben" | off4i=="bho" |off4i== "hin" |off4i== "pan" |off4i== "sin" | off4i=="div" |off4i== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if off4i == "bos" |off4i== "bul" | off4i=="mkd" |off4i== "hrv" |off4i== "src" |off4i== "slv"|off4i=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if off4i == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if off4i == "tir" | off4i=="tig" |off4i== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if off4i == "rus" |off4i== "ukr" |off4i== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if off4i == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if off4i == "fij" | off4i=="tet" | off4i=="tkd" | off4i=="tox" | off4i=="sov" | off4i=="cal" | off4i=="wls" | off4i=="yap" | off4i=="pon" | off4i=="kpg" | off4i=="kos" | off4i=="chk" | off4i=="tah" | off4i=="tvl" | off4i=="ton" | off4i=="smo" | off4i=="nau" | off4i=="mah" | off4i=="gil" | off4i=="rkh" | off4i=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if off4i == "haz" |off4i== "pbt" |off4i== "kmr" |off4i== "pes" |off4i== "prs" |off4i== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if off4i == "tts" |off4i== "lao" |off4i== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if off4i == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if off4i == "ymm" |off4i== "gaz" |off4i== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if off4i == "uzn" |off4i== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if off4i == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if off4i == "yor" |off4i=="swc"|off4i=="bum" | off4i=="kck" | off4i=="tum" |off4i== "yao" | off4i=="bci" | off4i=="mos" | off4i=="kbp" | off4i=="gbp" | off4i=="gso" |off4i== "ewe" |off4i== "kik" |off4i== "btb" |off4i== "fon" |off4i== "swh" |off4i== "nyn" |off4i== "nya" |off4i== "bem" |off4i== "vmw" |off4i== "lua" |off4i== "xho" |off4i== "zul" | off4i=="swb" | off4i=="ssw" | off4i=="ndo" | off4i=="puu" | off4i=="fan" | off4i=="zdj" | off4i=="ned" | off4i=="ibo" | off4i=="bin" | off4i=="lin" | off4i == "tsn" | off4i == "sot" |off4i== "ndc" |off4i== "nde" |off4i== "sna" |off4i== "run" |off4i== "aka" | off4i== "lug" |off4i== "kin" |off4i== "suk" | off4i=="kmb"| off4i=="umb"| off4i=="kng" | off4i=="mck" | off4i=="cjk" | off4i=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if off4i == "kaz" | off4i=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if off4i == "lav" |off4i== "lit" replace Barito=1 if off4i == "plt" | off4i== "xmw" | off4i=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if off4i == "dyu" |off4i== "emk" |off4i== "bam" | off4i=="men" | off4i=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if off4i == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if off4i == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if off4i == "gug" replace Insular=1 if off4i == "gle" | off4i=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if off4i == "shi" |off4i== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if off4i == "fuf" | off4i=="tem" | off4i=="wol" |off4i== "fuc" |off4i== "ble" | off4i=="fuh" | off4i=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if off4i == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if off4i == "ceb" |off4i== "tgl" | off4i=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if off4i == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if off4i == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if off4i == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if off4i == "dje" *Off5i replace EastTimor=1 if off5i == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if off5i == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if off5i == "tpi" | off5i=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if off5i == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if off5i == "zsm" | off5i=="iba" | off5i=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if off5i == "dzo" | off5i=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if off5i == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if off5i == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if off5i == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if off5i == "quz" | off5i == "quh" | off5i == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if off5i == "jam" | off5i=="aig" | off5i=="svc" | off5i=="vic" | off5i=="tch" | off5i=="bah" | off5i=="gcl" | off5i=="gyn" | off5i=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if off5i == "gsw" |off5i== "lim" |off5i== "fri" |off5i== "eng" |off5i== "deu" |off5i== "nld" |off5i== "ltz" |off5i== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if off5i == "ces" |off5i== "pol" |off5i== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if off5i == "nno" |off5i== "dan" |off5i== "isl" | off5i=="fao" |off5i== "nob" |off5i== "swe" replace Romance=1 if off5i == "cat" |off5i== "lmo" |off5i== "fra" |off5i== "ita" |off5i== "spa" |off5i== "por" |off5i== "ron"|off5i=="roh" replace Attic=1 if off5i == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if off5i == "azj" | off5i=="tuk" |off5i== "azb" |off5i== "tur" |off5i== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if off5i == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if off5i== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if off5i == "avl" | off5i=="arb" | off5i=="apd" | off5i=="acx" | off5i=="mey" | off5i=="mlt" | off5i=="afb" | off5i=="abv" |off5i== "ayl" |off5i== "acq" |off5i== "ayn" |off5i== "aeb" |off5i== "ary" |off5i== "aec" |off5i== "arz" |off5i== "arq" |off5i== "apc" |off5i== "ajp" |off5i== "ayp" |off5i== "acm" |off5i== "ara" |off5i== "heb" |off5i== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if off5i == "hns" |off5i== "skr" |off5i== "snd" |off5i== "cit" |off5i== "rmc" |off5i== "hif" |off5i== "ben" | off5i=="bho" |off5i== "hin" |off5i== "pan" |off5i== "sin" | off5i=="div" |off5i== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if off5i == "bos" |off5i== "bul" | off5i=="mkd" |off5i== "hrv" |off5i== "src" |off5i== "slv"|off5i=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if off5i == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if off5i == "tir" | off5i=="tig" |off5i== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if off5i == "rus" |off5i== "ukr" |off5i== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if off5i == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if off5i == "fij" | off5i=="tet" | off5i=="tkd" | off5i=="tox" | off5i=="sov" | off5i=="cal" | off5i=="wls" | off5i=="yap" | off5i=="pon" | off5i=="kpg" | off5i=="kos" | off5i=="chk" | off5i=="tah" | off5i=="tvl" | off5i=="ton" | off5i=="smo" | off5i=="nau" | off5i=="mah" | off5i=="gil" | off5i=="rkh" | off5i=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if off5i == "haz" |off5i== "pbt" |off5i== "kmr" |off5i== "pes" |off5i== "prs" |off5i== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if off5i == "tts" |off5i== "lao" |off5i== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if off5i == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if off5i == "ymm" |off5i== "gaz" |off5i== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if off5i == "uzn" |off5i== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if off5i == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if off5i == "yor" |off5i=="swc"|off5i=="bum" | off5i=="kck" | off5i=="tum" |off5i== "yao" | off5i=="bci" | off5i=="mos" | off5i=="kbp" | off5i=="gbp" | off5i=="gso" |off5i== "ewe" |off5i== "kik" |off5i== "btb" |off5i== "fon" |off5i== "swh" |off5i== "nyn" |off5i== "nya" |off5i== "bem" |off5i== "vmw" |off5i== "lua" |off5i== "xho" |off5i== "zul" | off5i=="swb" | off5i=="ssw" | off5i=="ndo" | off5i=="puu" | off5i=="fan" | off5i=="zdj" | off5i=="ned" | off5i=="ibo" | off5i=="bin" | off5i=="lin" | off5i == "tsn" | off5i == "sot" |off5i== "ndc" |off5i== "nde" |off5i== "sna" |off5i== "run" |off5i== "aka" | off5i== "lug" |off5i== "kin" |off5i== "suk" | off5i=="kmb"| off5i=="umb"| off5i=="kng" | off5i=="mck" | off5i=="cjk" | off5i=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if off5i == "kaz" | off5i=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if off5i == "lav" |off5i== "lit" replace Barito=1 if off5i == "plt" | off5i== "xmw" | off5i=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if off5i == "dyu" |off5i== "emk" |off5i== "bam" | off5i=="men" | off5i=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if off5i == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if off5i == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if off5i == "gug" replace Insular=1 if off5i == "gle" | off5i=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if off5i == "shi" |off5i== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if off5i == "fuf" | off5i=="tem" | off5i=="wol" |off5i== "fuc" |off5i== "ble" | off5i=="fuh" | off5i=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if off5i == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if off5i == "ceb" |off5i== "tgl" | off5i=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if off5i == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if off5i == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if off5i == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if off5i == "dje" *off6i replace EastTimor=1 if off6i == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if off6i == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if off6i == "tpi" | off6i=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if off6i == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if off6i == "zsm" | off6i=="iba" | off6i=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if off6i == "dzo" | off6i=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if off6i == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if off6i == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if off6i == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if off6i == "quz" | off6i == "quh" | off6i == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if off6i == "jam" | off6i=="aig" | off6i=="svc" | off6i=="vic" | off6i=="tch" | off6i=="bah" | off6i=="gcl" | off6i=="gyn" | off6i=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if off6i == "gsw" |off6i== "lim" |off6i== "fri" |off6i== "eng" |off6i== "deu" |off6i== "nld" |off6i== "ltz" |off6i== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if off6i == "ces" |off6i== "pol" |off6i== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if off6i == "nno" |off6i== "dan" |off6i== "isl" | off6i=="fao" |off6i== "nob" |off6i== "swe" replace Romance=1 if off6i == "cat" |off6i== "lmo" |off6i== "fra" |off6i== "ita" |off6i== "spa" |off6i== "por" |off6i== "ron"|off6i=="roh" replace Attic=1 if off6i == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if off6i == "azj" | off6i=="tuk" |off6i== "azb" |off6i== "tur" |off6i== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if off6i == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if off6i== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if off6i == "avl" | off6i=="arb" | off6i=="apd" | off6i=="acx" | off6i=="mey" | off6i=="mlt" | off6i=="afb" | off6i=="abv" |off6i== "ayl" |off6i== "acq" |off6i== "ayn" |off6i== "aeb" |off6i== "ary" |off6i== "aec" |off6i== "arz" |off6i== "arq" |off6i== "apc" |off6i== "ajp" |off6i== "ayp" |off6i== "acm" |off6i== "ara" |off6i== "heb" |off6i== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if off6i == "hns" |off6i== "skr" |off6i== "snd" |off6i== "cit" |off6i== "rmc" |off6i== "hif" |off6i== "ben" | off6i=="bho" |off6i== "hin" |off6i== "pan" |off6i== "sin" | off6i=="div" |off6i== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if off6i == "bos" |off6i== "bul" | off6i=="mkd" |off6i== "hrv" |off6i== "src" |off6i== "slv"|off6i=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if off6i == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if off6i == "tir" | off6i=="tig" |off6i== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if off6i == "rus" |off6i== "ukr" |off6i== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if off6i == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if off6i == "fij" | off6i=="tet" | off6i=="tkd" | off6i=="tox" | off6i=="sov" | off6i=="cal" | off6i=="wls" | off6i=="yap" | off6i=="pon" | off6i=="kpg" | off6i=="kos" | off6i=="chk" | off6i=="tah" | off6i=="tvl" | off6i=="ton" | off6i=="smo" | off6i=="nau" | off6i=="mah" | off6i=="gil" | off6i=="rkh" | off6i=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if off6i == "haz" |off6i== "pbt" |off6i== "kmr" |off6i== "pes" |off6i== "prs" |off6i== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if off6i == "tts" |off6i== "lao" |off6i== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if off6i == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if off6i == "ymm" |off6i== "gaz" |off6i== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if off6i == "uzn" |off6i== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if off6i == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if off6i == "yor" |off6i=="swc"|off6i=="bum" | off6i=="kck" | off6i=="tum" |off6i== "yao" | off6i=="bci" | off6i=="mos" | off6i=="kbp" | off6i=="gbp" | off6i=="gso" |off6i== "ewe" |off6i== "kik" |off6i== "btb" |off6i== "fon" |off6i== "swh" |off6i== "nyn" |off6i== "nya" |off6i== "bem" |off6i== "vmw" |off6i== "lua" |off6i== "xho" |off6i== "zul" | off6i=="swb" | off6i=="ssw" | off6i=="ndo" | off6i=="puu" | off6i=="fan" | off6i=="zdj" | off6i=="ned" | off6i=="ibo" | off6i=="bin" | off6i=="lin" | off6i == "tsn" | off6i == "sot" |off6i== "ndc" |off6i== "nde" |off6i== "sna" |off6i== "run" |off6i== "aka" | off6i== "lug" |off6i== "kin" |off6i== "suk" | off6i=="kmb"| off6i=="umb"| off6i=="kng" | off6i=="mck" | off6i=="cjk" | off6i=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if off6i == "kaz" | off6i=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if off6i == "lav" |off6i== "lit" replace Barito=1 if off6i == "plt" | off6i== "xmw" | off6i=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if off6i == "dyu" |off6i== "emk" |off6i== "bam" | off6i=="men" | off6i=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if off6i == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if off6i == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if off6i == "gug" replace Insular=1 if off6i == "gle" | off6i=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if off6i == "shi" |off6i== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if off6i == "fuf" | off6i=="tem" | off6i=="wol" |off6i== "fuc" |off6i== "ble" | off6i=="fuh" | off6i=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if off6i == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if off6i == "ceb" |off6i== "tgl" | off6i=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if off6i == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if off6i == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if off6i == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if off6i == "dje" *majori replace EastTimor=1 if majori == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if majori == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if majori == "tpi" | majori=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if majori == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if majori == "zsm" | majori=="iba" | majori=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if majori == "dzo" | majori=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if majori == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if majori == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if majori == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if majori == "quz" | majori == "quh" | majori == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if majori == "jam" | majori=="aig" | majori=="svc" | majori=="vic" | majori=="tch" | majori=="bah" | majori=="gcl" | majori=="gyn" | majori=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if majori == "gsw" |majori== "lim" |majori== "fri" |majori== "eng" |majori== "deu" |majori== "nld" |majori== "ltz" |majori== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if majori == "ces" |majori== "pol" |majori== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if majori == "nno" |majori== "dan" |majori== "isl" | majori=="fao" |majori== "nob" |majori== "swe" replace Romance=1 if majori == "cat" |majori== "lmo" |majori== "fra" |majori== "ita" |majori== "spa" |majori== "por" |majori== "ron"|majori=="roh" replace Attic=1 if majori == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if majori == "azj" | majori=="tuk" |majori== "azb" |majori== "tur" |majori== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if majori == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if majori== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if majori == "avl" | majori=="arb" | majori=="apd" | majori=="acx" | majori=="mey" | majori=="mlt" | majori=="afb" | majori=="abv" |majori== "ayl" |majori== "acq" |majori== "ayn" |majori== "aeb" |majori== "ary" |majori== "aec" |majori== "arz" |majori== "arq" |majori== "apc" |majori== "ajp" |majori== "ayp" |majori== "acm" |majori== "ara" |majori== "heb" |majori== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if majori == "hns" |majori== "skr" |majori== "snd" |majori== "cit" |majori== "rmc" |majori== "hif" |majori== "ben" | majori=="bho" |majori== "hin" |majori== "pan" |majori== "sin" | majori=="div" |majori== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if majori == "bos" |majori== "bul" | majori=="mkd" |majori== "hrv" |majori== "src" |majori== "slv"|majori=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if majori == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if majori == "tir" | majori=="tig" |majori== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if majori == "rus" |majori== "ukr" |majori== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if majori == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if majori == "fij" | majori=="tet" | majori=="tkd" | majori=="tox" | majori=="sov" | majori=="cal" | majori=="wls" | majori=="yap" | majori=="pon" | majori=="kpg" | majori=="kos" | majori=="chk" | majori=="tah" | majori=="tvl" | majori=="ton" | majori=="smo" | majori=="nau" | majori=="mah" | majori=="gil" | majori=="rkh" | majori=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if majori == "haz" |majori== "pbt" |majori== "kmr" |majori== "pes" |majori== "prs" |majori== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if majori == "tts" |majori== "lao" |majori== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if majori == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if majori == "ymm" |majori== "gaz" |majori== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if majori == "uzn" |majori== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if majori == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if majori == "yor" |majori=="swc"|majori=="bum" | majori=="kck" | majori=="tum" |majori== "yao" | majori=="bci" | majori=="mos" | majori=="kbp" | majori=="gbp" | majori=="gso" |majori== "ewe" |majori== "kik" |majori== "btb" |majori== "fon" |majori== "swh" |majori== "nyn" |majori== "nya" |majori== "bem" |majori== "vmw" |majori== "lua" |majori== "xho" |majori== "zul" | majori=="swb" | majori=="ssw" | majori=="ndo" | majori=="puu" | majori=="fan" | majori=="zdj" | majori=="ned" | majori=="ibo" | majori=="bin" | majori=="lin" | majori == "tsn" | majori == "sot" |majori== "ndc" |majori== "nde" |majori== "sna" |majori== "run" |majori== "aka" | majori== "lug" |majori== "kin" |majori== "suk" | majori=="kmb"| majori=="umb"| majori=="kng" | majori=="mck" | majori=="cjk" | majori=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if majori == "kaz" | majori=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if majori == "lav" |majori== "lit" replace Barito=1 if majori == "plt" | majori== "xmw" | majori=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if majori == "dyu" |majori== "emk" |majori== "bam" | majori=="men" | majori=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if majori == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if majori == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if majori == "gug" replace Insular=1 if majori == "gle" | majori=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if majori == "shi" |majori== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if majori == "fuf" | majori=="tem" | majori=="wol" |majori== "fuc" |majori== "ble" | majori=="fuh" | majori=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if majori == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if majori == "ceb" |majori== "tgl" | majori=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if majori == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if majori == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if majori == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if majori == "dje" *minori replace EastTimor=1 if minori == "mkz" replace Inuit=1 if minori == "kal" replace CreoleEngP = 1 if minori == "tpi" | minori=="bis" replace MongolicE = 1 if minori == "khk" replace Sumbawan = 1 if minori == "zsm" | minori=="iba" | minori=="kxd" replace Himalayish = 1 if minori == "dzo" | minori=="tsj" replace SaharaW = 1 if minori == "knc" replace Quechua2B = 1 if minori == "qug" replace SudanCW = 1 if minori == "sba" replace Quechua2C = 1 if minori == "quz" | minori == "quh" | minori == "qul" replace CreoleEngA = 1 if minori == "jam" | minori=="aig" | minori=="svc" | minori=="vic" | minori=="tch" | minori=="bah" | minori=="gcl" | minori=="gyn" | minori=="bjs" replace GermanicW=1 if minori == "gsw" |minori== "lim" |minori== "fri" |minori== "eng" |minori== "deu" |minori== "nld" |minori== "ltz" |minori== "afr" replace SlavicW=1 if minori == "ces" |minori== "pol" |minori== "slk" replace GermanicN=1 if minori == "nno" |minori== "dan" |minori== "isl" | minori=="fao" |minori== "nob" |minori== "swe" replace Romance=1 if minori == "cat" |minori== "lmo" |minori== "fra" |minori== "ita" |minori== "spa" |minori== "por" |minori== "ron"|minori=="roh" replace Attic=1 if minori == "ell" replace TurkicS=1 if minori == "azj" | minori=="tuk" |minori== "azb" |minori== "tur" |minori== "aze" replace Gheg=1 if minori == "aln" replace Tosk=1 if minori== "als" replace SemiticC=1 if minori == "avl" | minori=="arb" | minori=="apd" | minori=="acx" | minori=="mey" | minori=="mlt" | minori=="afb" | minori=="abv" |minori== "ayl" |minori== "acq" |minori== "ayn" |minori== "aeb" |minori== "ary" |minori== "aec" |minori== "arz" |minori== "arq" |minori== "apc" |minori== "ajp" |minori== "ayp" |minori== "acm" |minori== "ara" |minori== "heb" |minori== "shu" replace IndoAryan=1 if minori == "hns" |minori== "skr" |minori== "snd" |minori== "cit" |minori== "rmc" |minori== "hif" |minori== "ben" | minori=="bho" |minori== "hin" |minori== "pan" |minori== "sin" | minori=="div" |minori== "nep" replace SlavicS=1 if minori == "bos" |minori== "bul" | minori=="mkd" |minori== "hrv" |minori== "src" |minori== "slv"|minori=="srp" replace MonKhmerE=1 if minori == "khm" replace SemiticS=1 if minori == "tir" | minori=="tig" |minori== "amh" replace SlavicE=1 if minori == "rus" |minori== "ukr" |minori== "bel" replace MalayoPolynesianW=1 if minori == "ind" replace MalayoPolynesianCE=1 if minori == "fij" | minori=="tet" | minori=="tkd" | minori=="tox" | minori=="sov" | minori=="cal" | minori=="wls" | minori=="yap" | minori=="pon" | minori=="kpg" | minori=="kos" | minori=="chk" | minori=="tah" | minori=="tvl" | minori=="ton" | minori=="smo" | minori=="nau" | minori=="mah" | minori=="gil" | minori=="rkh" | minori=="rar" replace Iranian=1 if minori == "haz" |minori== "pbt" |minori== "kmr" |minori== "pes" |minori== "prs" |minori== "tgk" replace Betai=1 if minori == "tts" |minori== "lao" |minori== "tha" replace Malayic=1 if minori == "mly" replace CushiticE=1 if minori == "ymm" |minori== "gaz" |minori== "som" replace TurkicE=1 if minori == "uzn" |minori== "uzb" replace VietMuong=1 if minori == "vie" replace VoltaCongo=1 if minori == "yor" |minori=="swc"|minori=="bum" | minori=="kck" | minori=="tum" |minori== "yao" | minori=="bci" | minori=="mos" | minori=="kbp" | minori=="gbp" | minori=="gso" |minori== "ewe" |minori== "kik" |minori== "btb" |minori== "fon" |minori== "swh" |minori== "nyn" |minori== "nya" |minori== "bem" |minori== "vmw" |minori== "lua" |minori== "xho" |minori== "zul" | minori=="swb" | minori=="ssw" | minori=="ndo" | minori=="puu" | minori=="fan" | minori=="zdj" | minori=="ned" | minori=="ibo" | minori=="bin" | minori=="lin" | minori == "tsn" | minori == "sot" |minori== "ndc" |minori== "nde" |minori== "sna" |minori== "run" |minori== "aka" | minori== "lug" |minori== "kin" |minori== "suk" | minori=="kmb"| minori=="umb"| minori=="kng" | minori=="mck" | minori=="cjk" | minori=="kua" replace TurkicW=1 if minori == "kaz" | minori=="kir" replace BalticE=1 if minori == "lav" |minori== "lit" replace Barito=1 if minori == "plt" | minori== "xmw" | minori=="buc" replace MandeW=1 if minori == "dyu" |minori== "emk" |minori== "bam" | minori=="men" | minori=="mnk" replace LoloBurmese=1 if minori == "mya" replace ChadicW=1 if minori == "hau" replace Guarani=1 if minori == "gug" replace Insular=1 if minori == "gle" | minori=="glv" replace BerberN=1 if minori == "shi" |minori== "kab" replace AtlanticCongoA=1 if minori == "fuf" | minori=="tem" | minori=="wol" |minori== "fuc" |minori== "ble" | minori=="fuh" | minori=="fuq" replace Telugu=1 if minori == "tel" replace MesoPhilippine=1 if minori == "ceb" |minori== "tgl" | minori=="fil" replace TamilKannada=1 if minori == "tam" replace Nilotic=1 if minori == "kln" replace GreaterQuichean=1 if minori == "quc" replace SonghaiS=1 if minori == "dje" *Lang3 categorical variable gen Lang3=1 if EastTimor ==1 replace Lang3=2 if Inuit ==1 replace Lang3=3 if CreoleEngP ==1 replace Lang3=4 if MongolicE ==1 replace Lang3=5 if Sumbawan ==1 replace Lang3=6 if Himalayish ==1 replace Lang3=7 if SaharaW ==1 replace Lang3=8 if Quechua2B ==1 replace Lang3=9 if SudanCW ==1 replace Lang3=10 if Quechua2C ==1 replace Lang3=11 if CreoleEngA ==1 replace Lang3=12 if Tosk==1 replace Lang3=13 if GermanicW==1 replace Lang3=14 if SlavicW==1 replace Lang3=15 if GermanicN==1 replace Lang3=16 if Romance==1 replace Lang3=17 if Attic==1 replace Lang3=18 if Ugric==1 replace Lang3=19 if TurkicS==1 replace Lang3=20 if Gheg==1 replace Lang3=21 if SemiticC==1 replace Lang3=22 if IndoAryan==1 replace Lang3=23 if SlavicS==1 replace Lang3=24 if MonKhmerE==1 replace Lang3=25 if SemiticS==1 replace Lang3=26 if SlavicE==1 replace Lang3=27 if MalayoPolynesianW==1 replace Lang3=28 if MalayoPolynesianCE==1 replace Lang3=29 if Iranian==1 replace Lang3=30 if Betai==1 replace Lang3=31 if Malayic==1 replace Lang3=32 if CushiticE==1 replace Lang3=33 if TurkicE==1 replace Lang3=34 if VietMuong==1 replace Lang3=35 if VoltaCongo==1 replace Lang3=36 if TurkicW==1 replace Lang3=37 if BalticE==1 replace Lang3=38 if Barito==1 replace Lang3=39 if MandeW==1 replace Lang3=40 if LoloBurmese==1 replace Lang3=41 if ChadicW==1 replace Lang3=42 if Guarani==1 replace Lang3=43 if Insular==1 replace Lang3=44 if BerberN==1 replace Lang3=45 if AtlanticCongoA==1 replace Lang3=46 if Telugu==1 replace Lang3=47 if MesoPhilippine==1 replace Lang3=48 if TamilKannada==1 replace Lang3=49 if Nilotic==1 replace Lang3=50 if GreaterQuichean==1 replace Lang3=51 if SonghaiS==1 sort year toj Lang3 *** we get the sum for every Lang3 group already in the first step: by year toj Lang3: egen sumstocksLang3= sum(stockij) if from~=132 *Linguistick emigration stock - to capture linguistic networks sort id year gen sumstocksLang3_1=sumstocksLang3[_n-1] replace sumstocksLang3_1=. if var3==1 gen lnstocksLang3=ln(sumstocksLang3) gen lnstocksLang3_1 = ln(sumstocksLang3_1) label var lnstocksLang3_1 "Log of linguistic networks3" *Network3 ratios per source country population: gen ESLang3_1= (sumstocksLang3_1/popi1)*1000 gen lnESLang3_1= ln(ESLang3_1) label var lnESLang3_1 "Log of linguistic network3 ratio per source country population" **Interaction of linguistic distance and linguistic network in order to follow the suggestion of our referee gen IndESLang3= index9*lnESLang3_1 label var IndESLang3 "Interaction of Log of linguistic network3 ratio with index9" *************************************************************** *************************************************************** *****EMPIRICAL ANALYSES**************************************** *****Tables 2-5 in the paper*********************************** *************************************************************** *************************************************************** *************************************************************** **Table 2. Language proximity and migration rates from 223 countries of origin to 30 OECD destination countries for 1980-2010. *************************************************************** set more off ***Col 1: With year dummies reg EFlows index9 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010, vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col2: with a common language dummy instead of linguistic distance reg EFlows commonL y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010, vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *** Col3: with both a common language dummy and linguistic distance reg EFlows index9 commonL y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010, vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col4: No unemployment, with genetics (no trade) NO stocks, no welfare magnet reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col5: WITH GDPiSquared; No unemployment, with genetics (no trade) NO stocks, no welfare magnet reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col6: REAL unemployment (only 30k obs), with genetics (no trade) NO stocks reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 UnemplRate_j1 UnemplRate_i1 lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col7: Substituted unemployment, with genetics (no trade) NO stocks reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col8: Substituted unemployment, with genetics (no trade) WITH stocks reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col10: Poisson with Substituted unemployment, with genetics, WITH stocks without trade poisson flowsij index9 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col11: both index and common language Substituted unemployment, with genetics (no trade) WITH stocks reg EFlows index9 commonL fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ***Col12: Substituted unemployment, with genetics (WITH trade) WITH stocks reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) **Col9: standardized Beta z-scores **Standardize dependent and independent variable for the models with index9 egen zindex=std(index9) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcommonL=std(commonL) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zUjmissing=std(Ujmissing) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zUimissing=std(Uimissing) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. sum zEFlows zindex zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zUjmissing zlnsubUi1 zUimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 **OR use ZSCORE command in STATA *zscore EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 lntrade1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 *sum z_EFlows z_index9 z_fst_distance_dominant z_EStock_1 z_lntrade1 z_GDPpCapPPPj1 z_GDPpCapPPPi1 z_GDPpCapSqrdi1 z_lnpsepj1 z_lnsubUj1 z_Ujmissing z_lnsubUi1 z_Uimissing z_lnEPop_ij1 z_distance z_neighbour z_colony z_lnFreedomPRi1 z_lnFreedomCRi1 **Models with Standardize dependent and independent variables reg zEFlows zindex zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zUjmissing zlnsubUi1 zUimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table2_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zindex set more off *************************************************************** **Table 3. comparing different lingustic indices :ethnol, Dyen, Levenhstein , for 1st official, all and major *************************************************************** set more off ***************************************************** **with year dummies, substituted unemloyment rates, STOCK, GENETICS (and no trade) ******************************************************** ****note we normalize dyena and maxp by dividing by 1000 and by 100 to be able to see in tables more easily!! ********First official ****Ethnologue BASIC: Substituted unemployment, with genetics (no trade) WITH stocks reg EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****Levenshtein *gen MaxP2=MaxP/100 reg EFlows MaxP2 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****dyen *gen Dyen2=Dyen/1000 reg EFlows Dyen2 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ********All Officials ****Ethnologue BASIC: Substituted unemployment, with genetics (no trade) WITH stocks reg EFlows indexAll fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****Levenshtein gen MaxPAll2=MaxPAll/100 reg EFlows MaxPAll2 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****dyen gen DyenAll2=DyenAll/1000 reg EFlows DyenAll2 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *******Major Language ****Ethnologue BASIC: Substituted unemployment, with genetics (no trade) WITH stocks reg EFlows indexMajor fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****Levenshtein gen MaxPmajor2=MaxPmajor/100 reg EFlows MaxPmajor2 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****dyen gen DyenMajor2=DyenMajor/1000 reg EFlows DyenMajor2 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_R&R.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *************************************************************** **Table 3. Z-SCORES: comparing different lingustic indices :ethnol, Dyen, Levenhstein , for 1st official, all and major *************************************************************** *INDEX **Standardize dependent and independent variable for the models with index9 egen zindex=std(index9) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcommonL=std(commonL) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zUjmissing=std(Ujmissing) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zUimissing=std(Uimissing) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. sum zEFlows zindex zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zUjmissing zlnsubUi1 zUimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 **OR use ZSCORE command in STATA *zscore EFlows index9 fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 lntrade1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 *sum z_EFlows z_index9 z_fst_distance_dominant z_EStock_1 z_lntrade1 z_GDPpCapPPPj1 z_GDPpCapPPPi1 z_GDPpCapSqrdi1 z_lnpsepj1 z_lnsubUj1 z_Ujmissing z_lnsubUi1 z_Uimissing z_lnEPop_ij1 z_distance z_neighbour z_colony z_lnFreedomPRi1 z_lnFreedomCRi1 **Models with Standardized dependent and independent variables reg zEFlows zindex zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zUjmissing zlnsubUi1 zUimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zindex *INDEXALL **Standardize dependent and independent variable for the models with index9 egen zindexAll=std(indexAll) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & indexAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. *****THE INTERPRETATION: Beta CHANGE IN THE STANDARD DEV OF THE ORIGINAL VARIABLE WITH ONE STANDARD DEV OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIALBE **Models with Standardize dependent and independent variable ***indexAll reg zEFlows zindexAll zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows indexAll fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zindexAll *INDEXMAJOR **Standardize dependent and independent variable for the models with index9 egen zindexMajor=std(indexMajor) if EFlows~=. & index9~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & indexMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***indexMajor reg zEFlows zindexMajor zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows indexMajor fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zindexMajor *DYEN*THE SAMPLE SI DIFFERNT!! egen zDyen=std(Dyen) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & Dyen~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***Dyen reg zEFlows zDyen zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows zDyen fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zDyen *DYEN MAJOR egen zDyenMajor=std(DyenMajor) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenMajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***DyenMajor reg zEFlows zDyenMajor zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows zDyenMajor fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zDyenMajor *DYEN ALL egen zDyenAll=std(DyenAll) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & DyenAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***DyenAll reg zEFlows zDyenAll zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows zDyenAll fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zDyenAll *STANDARDIZE VARIABLES model with MAX P =lenshtein*THE SAMPLE SI DIFFERNT!! egen zMaxP=std(MaxP) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxP~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***MaxP reg zEFlows zMaxP zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows zMaxP fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zMaxP *MAXPmajor egen zMaxPmajor=std(MaxPmajor) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPmajor~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***MAxPmajor reg zEFlows zMaxPmajor zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows zMaxPmajor fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zMaxPmajor *MAXP ALL egen zMaxPAll=std(MaxPAll) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEFlows=std(EFlows) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPj1=std(GDPpCapPPPj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnpsepj1=std(lnpsepj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapPPPi1=std(GDPpCapPPPi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zGDPpCapSqrdi1=std(GDPpCapSqrdi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zdistance=std(distance) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zcolony=std(colony) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zEStock_1=std(EStock_1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zfst_distance_dominant=std(fst_distance_dominant) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomPRi1=std(lnFreedomPRi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnFreedomCRi1=std(lnFreedomCRi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zneighbour=std(neighbour) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnEPop_ij1=std(lnEPop_ij1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUj1=std(lnsubUj1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. egen zlnsubUi1=std(lnsubUi1) if EFlows~=. & MaxPAll~=. & fst_distance_dominant~=. & EStock_1~=. & GDPpCapPPPj1~=. & GDPpCapPPPi1~=. & GDPpCapSqrdi1~=. & lnpsepj1~=. & lnsubUj1~=. & Ujmissing~=. & lnsubUi1~=. & Uimissing~=. & lnEPop_ij1~=. & distance~=. & neighbour~=. & colony~=. & lnFreedomPRi1~=. & lnFreedomCRi1~=. ***MAxPAll reg zEFlows zMaxPAll zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 Ujmissing zlnsubUi1 Uimissing zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table3_betas.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *a check - use beta option after reg: *reg EFlows zMaxPAll fst_distance_dominant EStock_1 GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 , beta drop zEFlows zfst_distance_dominant zEStock_1 zGDPpCapPPPj1 zGDPpCapPPPi1 zGDPpCapSqrdi1 zlnpsepj1 zlnsubUj1 zlnsubUi1 zlnEPop_ij1 zdistance zneighbour zcolony zlnFreedomPRi1 zlnFreedomCRi1 drop zMaxPAll *************************************************************** *************************************************************** **Table 4. The role of English as widely spoken language, education and migration rates to OECD countries. *************************************************************** *************************************************************** set more off ****************************************************************************************** ***USING INTERACTIONS FOR ENGLISH AND NONENGLISH DESTIANTIONS ADDITIONAL analysis***** ****************************************************************************************** *********************** *Index9 ********************** gen Eng_index9=index9*Engl gen NonEngl=1 if Engl==0 replace NonEngl=0 if NonEngl==. gen NonEng_index9=index9*NonEngl *with substituted unemployment rates reg EFlows NonEng_index9 Eng_index9 EStock_1 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010, vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table5_EngNonEn.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *********************** *IndexALL ********************** gen Eng_indexAll=indexAll*Engl gen NonEng_indexAll=indexAll*NonEngl *with substituted unemployment rates reg EFlows NonEng_indexAll Eng_indexAll EStock_1 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010, vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table5_EngNonEn.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) *********************** *IndexMajor ********************** gen Eng_indexMajor=indexMajor*Engl gen NonEng_indexMajor=indexMajor*NonEngl *with substituted unemployment rates reg EFlows NonEng_indexMajor Eng_indexMajor EStock_1 fst_distance_dominant GDPpCapPPPj1 GDPpCapPPPi1 GDPpCapSqrdi1 lnpsepj1 lnsubUj1 Ujmissing lnsubUi1 Uimissing lnEPop_ij1 distance neighbour colony lnFreedomPRi1 lnFreedomCRi1 to1-to29 from1-from17 from19-from224 y1980 y1981 y1982 y1983 y1984 y1985 y1986 y1987 y1988 y1989 y1990 y1991 y1992 y1993 y1994 y1995 y1996 y1997 y1998 y1999 y2001 y2002 y2003 y2004 y2005 y2006 y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010, vce(cluster id) outreg2 using Table5_EngNonEn.rtf, append word adjr se bdec(3) ****************************************************************************************** **********FOCUS ON COUNTRIES WITH LOW EDUCATION (referees comment) OR POORER COUNTRIES ****************************************************************************************** ***for countries with low SECONDARY school enrollment, if subSecSEi