This PDF file includes:

• Supplementary Text
• table S1. Definition of the scores for the model-data comparison.
• fig. S1. Latitudinal biomass of two main coccolithophore types along the AMT.
• fig. S2. Testing of hypothetical costs and benefits of coccolithophore calcification in a global ocean ecological model.
• fig. S3. Assessment against observations of modeled coccolithophore distribution for the four tested benefits of calcification.
• fig. S4. Observed relationship between sinking velocity, PIC/POC ratio, coccosphere size, and cell density of E. huxleyi (black circles) and G. oceanica cultured at 15°C (blue squares) and 20°C (red triangles).

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