This report is based on the full analysis of the THYROCHEM dataset including both the Cypriot and Romanian data.

1 Preliminaries

1.1 Packages used

The R packages used in the analysis are the following: “ggplot2”,“dplyr”,“data.table”,“Hmisc”,“stargazer”,“psych”,“plyr”,“tableone”, “sjPlot”,“corrplot”,“ICC”, “irr”,“coefplot”,“car”,“knitr” Complete information on the versions and the exact citations are provided in the end of the report. —

1.2 Raw data files

The raw data files used for the analysis are the following:

  • Cyprus
  • questionnaire - CY_20150714_Questionnaire_DF.csv
  • BPA results - CY_BPA_spot_rawdata_DF.csv and CY_BPA_morn_rawdata_DF.csv
  • Iodine results (incl. creatinine) - CY_creat_iodine_DF.csv

  • Romania
  • questionnaire - RO_Questionnaire_150711_DF.csv
  • BPA results - RO_BPA_rawdata.csv
  • Iodine results - RO_creat_iodine_DF.csv

1.3 Variable lists

The variables were all taken from the raw data. Questionnaire variables were summarized to be used in the summary analysis of the exposures. Variables that were not directly measured such as BMI or the creatinine-adjustment of the urinary concentrations were created during the analysis. Specific variable lists were created and used in the present script for efficiency.

List of the different combinations of the variables used in the analysis:

  • quest_vars - all the variables extracted from the questionnaire and used in the analysis

  • quest_analysis_vars - questionnaire variables used in the final analysis

  • demo_vars - demographics and anthropometric characteristics

  • expo_vars - summary of the “questionniare exposures”

  • horm_vars_iod_sp - hormones and spot iodine (ng/L) (all continuous)

  • horm_vars_cat - categorical variables of the hormone levels and the antibodies
  • Note: the categorization of the hormone leves was done separately for Cyprus and Romania since the normal levels differ in the two countries.

  • urine_levs_vars - ng/L urine levels both spot and morning (raw, ng/L and ng/g)

  • urine_levs_vars_av - urine levels average levels {derived with the function (spot+morn)/2}

  • ln_vars_spot - ln-transformed ng/L and ng/g - spot

  • ln_vars_morn - ln-transformed ng/L and ng/g - morning

  • ln_vars_av - ln-transformed average ng/L and ng/g - (ln of the average not average of the ln_spot and ln_morn)

  • quant_vars - quantiles of the BPF, BPA and ClxBPA (ng/L)

1.4 Functions

General functions

  • creatine_adj – creatinine adjustment (ng/L concentrations divided by the creatinine) _Note: iodine concentrations were already adjusted for creatinine and the units were ug/L and ug/g (unadjusted and adjusted, respectively)
  • spot_morn_av – average of spot and morning - applied to the ng/L and the ng/g

  • gm_func – geometric mean
  • gsd_func – geometric standard deviation

  • break_quant – breaking the quantiles (0,0.25,0.50,0.75,1) - including the lowest bound

  • t_test_unpaired_table – table for the results of the unpaired t-test - applied to the ln-transformed ng/L and ng/g concentrations, hormones etc.
  • wilcox_test_unpaired_table – table for the results of the unpaired Wilcoxon test - applied to the raw ng/L and ng/g concentrations, hormones etc.

Logistic regression functions

_Νotes: The logistic regression fuctions were used separately for each country and the pooled samples.

All the concentration variables were used in the models log-transformed (to the natural logarithm) including the hormones, iodine and creatinine.

  • Univariate regressions
    • All variables (incl. those recoded from the questionnaires) were included in univariate models
  • Multivariate regressions
    • LR1: adjusted for age, BMI, tsh and ft4
    • LR2: adjusted for age, BMI, tsh, ft4 and spot iodine

1.5 Questionnaire variable recoding

List of the final external exposure measurement variables are:

  • Water consumption from 20L PC bottles
  • Weekly use of microwave (with plastic container?)
  • Weekly consumption of canned food (number of portions)
  • Duration of cleaning activities (as proxy to chlorine exposures)
  • Weekly use of PCPs (sum of: shampoo, conditioner, body lotion, shower gel, hair dye, hair foam, hair spray, nail polish, lip care products, face cream)
  • Weekly use of perfume and deodorant
  • Weekly use of perfume and deodorant and weekly use of cosmetics (makeup, lipstick, eyeliner, rouge, mascara, makeup remover).
## Using CODE as id variables
## Using CODE as id variables

2 Cyprus

2.1 Table S4

## strata: Overall
##                          n miss p.miss  mean     sd median    p25  p75   min     max skew
## BPF_ngPERlt_spot       122    1   0.82  3181  27304    485  365.0  680 134.0  300728 11.0
## BPA_ngPERlt_spot       122    1   0.82  2495   3295   1508  789.0 2806 273.0   24606  4.2
## ClBPA_ngPERlt_spot     122    1   0.82    74     13     71   66.0   78  56.0     148  2.5
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot 122    1   0.82    73     18     67   65.0   71  62.0     144  3.0
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot 122    1   0.82    17     16     15    5.0   15   5.0      80  1.8
## ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot    122    1   0.82   164     39    152  141.0  168 129.0     357  2.5
## BPF_ngPERg_spot        122    1   0.82  2130  11351    646  397.8 1327 106.1  125199 10.8
## BPA_ngPERg_spot        122    1   0.82  3380   3626   2101 1184.3 4220 214.5   20238  2.4
## ClBPA_ngPERg_spot      122    1   0.82   149    160     89   58.7  159  23.5     810  2.5
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg_spot  122    1   0.82   152    169     87   51.7  183  17.4     960  2.6
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg_spot  122    1   0.82    34     48     17    7.2   39   2.1     323  3.3
## ClxBPA_ngPERg_spot     122    1   0.82   335    365    199  120.2  376  44.8    1827  2.5
## BPF_ngPERlt_morn       122    8   6.56  1404   5833    550  402.2  878 151.0   61870 10.1
## BPA_ngPERlt_morn       122    8   6.56 11216  62924   2208 1457.5 4632 505.0  654989  9.8
## ClBPA_ngPERlt_morn     122    8   6.56    83     47     73   67.0   83  56.0     512  7.3
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt_morn 122    8   6.56    83     75     68   65.0   76  62.0     848  9.4
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt_morn 122    8   6.56    28     23     15   15.0   41   5.0     100  1.2
## ClxBPA_ngPERlt_morn    122    8   6.56   194    104    164  150.0  203 124.0    1045  5.8
## BPF_ngPERg_morn        122   10   8.20  2236   6048    815  445.0 1219 116.6   48222  6.0
## BPA_ngPERg_morn        122   10   8.20 26119 172516   3545 1595.6 6885 396.8 1809362 10.1
## ClBPA_ngPERg_morn      122   10   8.20   216    681     97   58.5  159  35.1    7111  9.6
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg_morn  122   10   8.20   211    660     96   51.4  172  33.0    6889  9.6
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg_morn  122   10   8.20    88    430     27   13.3   56   1.8    4556 10.3
## ClxBPA_ngPERg_morn     122   10   8.20   514   1760    228  127.3  403  76.5   18556  9.9
##                          kurt   gm gsd
## BPF_ngPERlt_spot       120.47  548 2.3
## BPA_ngPERlt_spot        22.14 1575 2.5
## ClBPA_ngPERlt_spot       9.53   73 1.2
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot   8.58   71 1.2
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot   3.07   12 2.2
## ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot      6.91  160 1.2
## BPF_ngPERg_spot        117.99  775 2.6
## BPA_ngPERg_spot          6.12 2229 2.5
## ClBPA_ngPERg_spot        6.63  103 2.2
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg_spot    7.27  101 2.4
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg_spot   13.06   18 3.1
## ClxBPA_ngPERg_spot       6.44  227 2.3
## BPF_ngPERlt_morn       104.71  637 2.3
## BPA_ngPERlt_morn        99.47 2727 3.0
## ClBPA_ngPERlt_morn      63.54   78 1.3
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt_morn  95.77   75 1.4
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt_morn   0.87   20 2.3
## ClxBPA_ngPERlt_morn     42.71  182 1.4
## BPF_ngPERg_morn         39.36  897 3.0
## BPA_ngPERg_morn        105.50 3923 3.5
## ClBPA_ngPERg_morn       96.96  111 2.4
## Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg_morn   96.98  107 2.4
## Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg_morn  107.84   29 3.2
## ClxBPA_ngPERg_morn     101.95  259 2.4

Table: CY - Summary of the urinary levels (all participants)

## Note: All the t-tests have been applied to the ln-transformed concentrations
Paired t-test p-values and ICC - spot and morning samples - CY (pooled population) - Table S4
method p.value ICC LowerCI UpperCI
BPF_ngPERlt Paired t-test 0.0634916683119793 0.458845971316997 0.313423305588782 0.604268637045211
BPA_ngPERlt Paired t-test 1.46954396636618e-06 0.155802749962952 -0.0261253660406351 0.33773086596654
ClBPA_ngPERlt Paired t-test 0.00252995275638623 0.308083752492721 0.140491212944793 0.475676292040649
Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt Paired t-test 0.159524255332564 -0.0667064538405715 -0.255153567560228 0.121740659879085
Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt Paired t-test 1.10646310277686e-05 0.104054801265897 -0.0809110631645849 0.289020665696379
ClxBPA_ngPERlt Paired t-test 0.000207443636623444 0.0940296772627003 -0.0914175838605487 0.279476938385949
BPF_ngPERg Paired t-test 0.27995859920388 0.208007959709809 0.0282177416208153 0.387798177798803
BPA_ngPERg Paired t-test 5.08372802699384e-06 0.213340005288653 0.0340273169482114 0.392652693629095
ClBPA_ngPERg Paired t-test 0.531221435937399 0.308188173404376 0.13901669803282 0.477359648775931
Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg Paired t-test 0.743882297631523 0.3370977799242 0.171638782267132 0.502556777581268
Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg Paired t-test 0.00191501038735322 0.202600424358262 0.0223359602335225 0.382864888483001
ClxBPA_ngPERg Paired t-test 0.273129603713081 0.316536848613297 0.148407617731461 0.484666079495132

3 Romania

4 Working on the both countries (pooled population)

4.1 Descriptives and comparisons - demographics, hormones, iodine and urinary levels of BPA, BPF, ClxBPA

4.1.1 Table 1, Table S1, Table S3

Demographics (all study population - by status and in the two countries - Table 1)
Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test
n 212 106 106 122 57 65 90 49 41
age (mean (sd)) 49.21 (12.67) 51.87 (11.76) 46.56 (13.04) 0.002 50.88 (12.27) 52.75 (12.39) 49.23 (12.02) 0.114 46.96 (12.92) 50.84 (11.02) 42.32 (13.62) 0.001
weight (mean (sd)) 69.55 (14.25) 72.34 (15.59) 66.68 (12.14) 0.004 67.04 (12.16) 68.04 (13.00) 66.14 (11.38) 0.397 72.93 (16.11) 77.35 (16.94) 67.52 (13.34) 0.004
heightM (mean (sd)) 1.64 (0.06) 1.63 (0.06) 1.64 (0.06) 0.102 1.63 (0.06) 1.62 (0.06) 1.63 (0.06) 0.691 1.65 (0.06) 1.63 (0.06) 1.66 (0.06) 0.016
BMI (mean (sd)) 26.08 (5.50) 27.39 (6.10) 24.75 (4.48) 0.001 25.39 (4.56) 25.85 (4.91) 24.98 (4.22) 0.303 27.00 (6.46) 29.11 (6.85) 24.41 (4.88) <0.001
BMI_cat (%) 0.035 exact 0.667 exact 0.021 exact
Underweight 5 ( 2.4) 1 ( 1.0) 4 ( 3.9) 2 ( 1.7) 0 ( 0.0) 2 ( 3.2) 3 ( 3.4) 1 ( 2.0) 2 ( 5.0)
Normal 91 (44.2) 39 (37.5) 52 (51.0) 56 (47.9) 25 (45.5) 31 (50.0) 35 (39.3) 14 (28.6) 21 (52.5)
Overweight 61 (29.6) 32 (30.8) 29 (28.4) 39 (33.3) 20 (36.4) 19 (30.6) 22 (24.7) 12 (24.5) 10 (25.0)
Obese 49 (23.8) 32 (30.8) 17 (16.7) 20 (17.1) 10 (18.2) 10 (16.1) 29 (32.6) 22 (44.9) 7 (17.5)
smokst (%) 0.691 0.858 0.677
Never 157 (75.5) 76 (73.8) 81 (77.1) 94 (77.0) 43 (75.4) 51 (78.5) 63 (73.3) 33 (71.7) 30 (75.0)
Currently 36 (17.3) 18 (17.5) 18 (17.1) 17 (13.9) 8 (14.0) 9 (13.8) 19 (22.1) 10 (21.7) 9 (22.5)
Past 15 ( 7.2) 9 ( 8.7) 6 ( 5.7) 11 ( 9.0) 6 (10.5) 5 ( 7.7) 4 ( 4.7) 3 ( 6.5) 1 ( 2.5)
alccons (%) 0.817 exact 0.524 exact 0.364 exact
Never/Rarely 175 (84.5) 88 (86.3) 87 (82.9) 95 (77.9) 47 (82.5) 48 (73.8) 80 (94.1) 41 (91.1) 39 (97.5)
Weekend 25 (12.1) 11 (10.8) 14 (13.3) 20 (16.4) 7 (12.3) 13 (20.0) 5 ( 5.9) 4 ( 8.9) 1 ( 2.5)
Often 7 ( 3.4) 3 ( 2.9) 4 ( 3.8) 7 ( 5.7) 3 ( 5.3) 4 ( 6.2) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0)
marstat (%) 0.017 exact 0.177 exact 0.033 exact
Single 25 (12.0) 6 ( 5.8) 19 (18.1) 13 (10.7) 4 ( 7.0) 9 (13.8) 12 (14.0) 2 ( 4.3) 10 (25.0)
Married 157 (75.5) 85 (82.5) 72 (68.6) 99 (81.1) 49 (86.0) 50 (76.9) 58 (67.4) 36 (78.3) 22 (55.0)
Divorced 13 ( 6.2) 4 ( 3.9) 9 ( 8.6) 6 ( 4.9) 1 ( 1.8) 5 ( 7.7) 7 ( 8.1) 3 ( 6.5) 4 (10.0)
Widow 12 ( 5.8) 7 ( 6.8) 5 ( 4.8) 4 ( 3.3) 3 ( 5.3) 1 ( 1.5) 8 ( 9.3) 4 ( 8.7) 4 (10.0)
Other 1 ( 0.5) 1 ( 1.0) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 1 ( 1.2) 1 ( 2.2) 0 ( 0.0)
edu (%) 0.003 exact 0.134 exact 0.001 exact
Primary 28 (13.5) 21 (20.4) 7 ( 6.7) 16 (13.1) 11 (19.3) 5 ( 7.7) 12 (14.1) 10 (21.7) 2 ( 5.1)
Secondary 78 (37.7) 40 (38.8) 38 (36.5) 43 (35.2) 17 (29.8) 26 (40.0) 35 (41.2) 23 (50.0) 12 (30.8)
University 99 (47.8) 40 (38.8) 59 (56.7) 63 (51.6) 29 (50.9) 34 (52.3) 36 (42.4) 11 (23.9) 25 (64.1)
Other 2 ( 1.0) 2 ( 1.9) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 0 ( 0.0) 2 ( 2.4) 2 ( 4.3) 0 ( 0.0)
Hormone and iodine (all study population - by status and in the two countries) - Table 1
Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test
n 212 106 106 122 57 65 90 49 41
tsh (median [IQR]) 1.58 [1.05, 2.19] 1.42 [0.90, 1.97] 1.68 [1.18, 2.49] 0.016 nonnorm 1.51 [1.06, 2.00] 1.40 [0.90, 1.98] 1.53 [1.08, 2.00] 0.559 nonnorm 1.68 [1.05, 2.55] 1.44 [0.83, 1.85] 2.20 [1.28, 2.94] 0.003 nonnorm
ft4 (median [IQR]) 13.40 [12.11, 14.90] 13.40 [12.40, 14.90] 13.43 [12.06, 14.90] 0.748 nonnorm 12.70 [11.80, 14.00] 12.90 [11.90, 13.95] 12.60 [11.80, 14.00] 0.606 nonnorm 14.71 [13.10, 16.10] 14.60 [12.90, 15.70] 14.80 [13.50, 16.10] 0.598 nonnorm
iod_ugPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 107.80 [48.90, 185.62] 105.65 [44.47, 157.93] 110.60 [53.76, 190.03] 0.320 nonnorm 94.30 [40.40, 190.00] 82.00 [26.80, 165.50] 103.35 [48.42, 190.03] 0.254 nonnorm 118.40 [60.53, 182.80] 115.80 [64.47, 153.00] 127.75 [58.86, 188.93] 0.583 nonnorm
iod_ugPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 121.22 [71.94, 180.16] 110.30 [70.89, 160.07] 134.50 [77.15, 187.65] 0.086 nonnorm 114.30 [67.40, 185.20] 109.30 [59.40, 178.30] 134.50 [69.60, 185.80] 0.303 nonnorm 125.72 [84.03, 174.82] 114.46 [84.58, 147.03] 134.33 [83.38, 189.68] 0.119 nonnorm
BPA, BPF, ClxBPA (all study population - by status and in the two countries) - Table 1
Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test
n 212 106 106 122 57 65 90 49 41
BPF_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 464.50 [320.25, 719.50] 463.00 [338.00, 679.50] 480.00 [287.25, 788.75] 0.703 nonnorm 485.00 [365.00, 680.00] 457.00 [378.00, 634.00] 510.00 [359.75, 761.00] 0.540 nonnorm 416.00 [219.00, 822.00] 492.00 [256.00, 822.00] 371.00 [158.50, 1034.50] 0.320 nonnorm
BPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 2258.00 [1099.75, 4610.75] 1751.00 [1117.25, 3458.25] 2710.50 [1081.00, 5912.00] 0.016 nonnorm 1508.00 [789.00, 2806.00] 1394.00 [757.00, 2189.00] 1831.50 [792.00, 3003.50] 0.333 nonnorm 3778.00 [2134.00, 9050.00] 2453.00 [1495.00, 5173.00] 8012.50 [3112.00, 19288.00] <0.001 nonnorm
ClBPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 73.00 [67.00, 81.75] 72.00 [66.25, 79.75] 74.00 [68.00, 83.50] 0.099 nonnorm 71.00 [66.00, 78.00] 70.00 [66.00, 76.00] 71.50 [65.75, 80.50] 0.297 nonnorm 76.00 [71.00, 88.00] 75.00 [69.00, 83.00] 79.00 [72.75, 94.00] 0.108 nonnorm
Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 68.00 [65.00, 73.00] 68.00 [65.00, 74.00] 68.00 [65.00, 71.25] 0.625 nonnorm 67.00 [65.00, 71.00] 67.00 [65.00, 71.00] 67.00 [65.00, 71.00] 0.442 nonnorm 69.00 [65.00, 75.00] 71.00 [66.00, 78.00] 69.00 [64.00, 74.00] 0.118 nonnorm
Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 15.00 [5.00, 33.75] 15.00 [5.00, 33.75] 15.00 [5.00, 33.25] 0.835 nonnorm 15.00 [5.00, 15.00] 15.00 [5.00, 15.00] 15.00 [5.00, 15.00] 0.264 nonnorm 15.00 [15.00, 44.00] 15.00 [15.00, 44.00] 15.00 [15.00, 43.25] 0.701 nonnorm
ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 159.00 [147.00, 186.75] 158.50 [144.00, 183.75] 159.00 [147.75, 187.25] 0.757 nonnorm 152.00 [141.00, 168.00] 150.00 [140.00, 167.00] 153.00 [143.50, 168.50] 0.357 nonnorm 177.00 [158.00, 201.00] 178.00 [158.00, 201.00] 176.50 [160.50, 201.25] 0.860 nonnorm
BPF_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 586.32 [331.45, 1229.15] 603.64 [374.95, 1128.38] 565.39 [314.85, 1419.45] 0.679 nonnorm 645.81 [397.80, 1327.18] 740.98 [463.54, 1192.43] 603.14 [348.77, 1419.45] 0.442 nonnorm 499.64 [271.02, 1138.41] 472.58 [298.39, 997.72] 535.99 [231.07, 1332.31] 0.853 nonnorm
BPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 2763.28 [1519.81, 5685.52] 2333.19 [1497.61, 4554.86] 3860.16 [1530.03, 8317.94] 0.029 nonnorm 2101.40 [1184.35, 4219.70] 2199.74 [1184.35, 4086.99] 1996.07 [1209.57, 4244.96] 0.963 nonnorm 4669.68 [2231.12, 10050.39] 2800.92 [1826.15, 4809.27] 8536.81 [4454.26, 23687.69] <0.001 nonnorm
ClBPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 86.21 [58.28, 159.04] 84.57 [58.49, 166.51] 87.96 [54.06, 158.16] 0.979 nonnorm 89.36 [58.66, 159.20] 89.36 [64.99, 175.39] 89.79 [51.62, 156.95] 0.415 nonnorm 83.42 [58.23, 153.36] 79.40 [54.10, 126.23] 85.27 [66.28, 161.97] 0.324 nonnorm
Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 82.45 [51.25, 167.86] 81.71 [54.41, 168.86] 84.84 [46.89, 157.11] 0.589 nonnorm 87.07 [51.67, 182.58] 87.07 [61.64, 182.58] 86.54 [44.79, 173.43] 0.347 nonnorm 78.70 [50.15, 147.73] 78.93 [50.15, 128.21] 76.76 [50.55, 148.73] 0.698 nonnorm
Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 20.23 [8.02, 46.42] 19.98 [8.71, 38.92] 20.79 [7.60, 49.59] 0.793 nonnorm 17.32 [7.20, 39.27] 15.06 [8.03, 28.96] 20.55 [7.18, 45.19] 0.578 nonnorm 23.81 [9.78, 64.29] 23.81 [10.30, 62.30] 22.72 [9.63, 85.00] 0.986 nonnorm
ClxBPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 199.31 [123.65, 391.39] 200.04 [126.59, 386.55] 198.35 [117.87, 395.85] 0.793 nonnorm 199.19 [120.17, 375.68] 199.19 [135.48, 415.73] 198.35 [112.28, 362.14] 0.403 nonnorm 200.90 [125.18, 393.60] 200.90 [124.72, 286.37] 205.57 [133.19, 406.38] 0.444 nonnorm
Determinants of exposure (all study population - by status and in the two countries) - Table S1
Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test Overall CA CO p test
n 212 106 106 122 57 65 90 49 41
daily20lglass (median [IQR]) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.149 nonnorm 0.00 [0.00, 0.91] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 2.14] 0.294 nonnorm 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.375 nonnorm
MwaveFrw (median [IQR]) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.994 nonnorm 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.02] 0.115 nonnorm 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.005 nonnorm
weekPORTIONScanned (median [IQR]) 1.25 [0.38, 2.75] 1.00 [0.27, 2.22] 1.50 [0.53, 3.50] 0.010 nonnorm 1.88 [0.75, 3.01] 1.77 [0.70, 2.28] 2.25 [0.87, 3.81] 0.059 nonnorm 0.50 [0.00, 2.00] 0.38 [0.00, 1.12] 0.75 [0.12, 2.50] 0.109 nonnorm
weekMINScleaning (median [IQR]) 277.50 [161.25, 427.50] 292.50 [173.12, 495.00] 262.50 [142.00, 396.12] 0.219 nonnorm 308.62 [177.50, 504.38] 321.16 [202.81, 524.75] 302.40 [171.25, 446.25] 0.512 nonnorm 211.25 [115.00, 355.00] 240.00 [102.50, 399.88] 174.75 [115.00, 306.25] 0.242 nonnorm
weekPORTIONSpcps (median [IQR]) 70.00 [53.75, 96.25] 65.72 [41.69, 91.69] 74.38 [58.00, 97.58] 0.036 nonnorm 86.20 [65.86, 103.00] 81.35 [65.59, 103.12] 86.76 [67.14, 102.75] 0.830 nonnorm 50.50 [32.50, 65.00] 41.12 [25.12, 59.00] 58.00 [51.50, 68.75] 0.008 nonnorm
perfwc (median [IQR]) 7.00 [1.00, 7.00] 5.00 [0.00, 7.00] 7.00 [3.50, 7.00] <0.001 nonnorm 7.00 [1.50, 7.00] 5.00 [0.75, 7.00] 7.00 [2.00, 7.00] 0.025 nonnorm 7.00 [1.00, 7.00] 4.50 [0.00, 7.00] 7.00 [5.00, 7.00] 0.008 nonnorm
weekPORTIONSdeo (median [IQR]) 7.00 [2.88, 7.00] 7.00 [0.00, 7.00] 7.00 [7.00, 7.00] 0.187 nonnorm 7.00 [3.25, 7.00] 7.00 [1.00, 7.00] 7.00 [4.25, 7.00] 0.973 nonnorm 7.00 [3.00, 7.00] 7.00 [0.00, 7.00] 7.00 [7.00, 7.00] 0.046 nonnorm
weekPORTIONScosm (median [IQR]) 7.00 [0.00, 22.06] 3.88 [0.00, 15.75] 14.00 [1.00, 28.00] <0.001 nonnorm 7.00 [0.18, 22.25] 6.62 [0.02, 16.88] 9.00 [1.00, 22.88] 0.069 nonnorm 7.00 [0.00, 21.12] 1.00 [0.00, 13.00] 20.50 [2.00, 28.00] 0.003 nonnorm
Antibodies (all study population) - Table S2
Overall CA CO p test CY RO p test
n 212 106 106 122 90
antitg = Positive (%) 10 ( 7.8) 3 ( 4.5) 7 (11.3) 0.264 3 ( 5.1) 7 (10.0) 0.478
antitpo = Positive (%) 31 (22.3) 12 (16.2) 19 (29.2) 0.102 9 (14.8) 22 (28.2) 0.092
BPA, BPF, ClxBPA - by country - Table S3
CY RO p test
n 122 90
BPF_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 485.00 [365.00, 680.00] 416.00 [219.00, 822.00] 0.091 nonnorm
BPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 1508.00 [789.00, 2806.00] 3778.00 [2134.00, 9050.00] <0.001 nonnorm
ClBPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 71.00 [66.00, 78.00] 76.00 [71.00, 88.00] <0.001 nonnorm
Cl35_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 67.00 [65.00, 71.00] 69.00 [65.00, 75.00] 0.076 nonnorm
Cl33_2BPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 15.00 [5.00, 15.00] 15.00 [15.00, 44.00] <0.001 nonnorm
ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 152.00 [141.00, 168.00] 177.00 [158.00, 201.00] <0.001 nonnorm
BPF_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 645.81 [397.80, 1327.18] 499.64 [271.02, 1138.41] 0.014 nonnorm
BPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 2101.40 [1184.35, 4219.70] 4669.68 [2231.12, 10050.39] <0.001 nonnorm
ClBPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 89.36 [58.66, 159.20] 83.42 [58.23, 153.36] 0.835 nonnorm
Cl35_2BPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 87.07 [51.67, 182.58] 78.70 [50.15, 147.73] 0.359 nonnorm
Cl33_2BPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 17.32 [7.20, 39.27] 23.81 [9.78, 64.29] 0.052 nonnorm
ClxBPA_ngPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 199.19 [120.17, 375.68] 200.90 [125.18, 393.60] 0.961 nonnorm
Demographics by country
CY RO p test
n 122 90
age (mean (sd)) 50.88 (12.27) 46.96 (12.92) 0.026
weight (mean (sd)) 67.04 (12.16) 72.93 (16.11) 0.003
heightM (mean (sd)) 1.63 (0.06) 1.65 (0.06) 0.018
BMI (mean (sd)) 25.39 (4.56) 27.00 (6.46) 0.037
BMI_cat (%) 0.046 exact
Underweight 2 ( 1.7) 3 ( 3.4)
Normal 56 (47.9) 35 (39.3)
Overweight 39 (33.3) 22 (24.7)
Obese 20 (17.1) 29 (32.6)
smokst (%) 0.186
Never 94 (77.0) 63 (73.3)
Currently 17 (13.9) 19 (22.1)
Past 11 ( 9.0) 4 ( 4.7)
alccons (%) 0.002 exact
Never/Rarely 95 (77.9) 80 (94.1)
Weekend 20 (16.4) 5 ( 5.9)
Often 7 ( 5.7) 0 ( 0.0)
marstat (%) 0.101 exact
Single 13 (10.7) 12 (14.0)
Married 99 (81.1) 58 (67.4)
Divorced 6 ( 4.9) 7 ( 8.1)
Widow 4 ( 3.3) 8 ( 9.3)
Other 0 ( 0.0) 1 ( 1.2)
edu (%) 0.247 exact
Primary 16 (13.1) 12 (14.1)
Secondary 43 (35.2) 35 (41.2)
University 63 (51.6) 36 (42.4)
Other 0 ( 0.0) 2 ( 2.4)
Determinants of exposure by country
CY RO p test
n 122 90
daily20lglass (median [IQR]) 0.00 [0.00, 0.91] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.004 nonnorm
MwaveFrw (median [IQR]) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 0.031 nonnorm
weekPORTIONScanned (median [IQR]) 1.88 [0.75, 3.01] 0.50 [0.00, 2.00] <0.001 nonnorm
weekMINScleaning (median [IQR]) 308.62 [177.50, 504.38] 211.25 [115.00, 355.00] 0.002 nonnorm
weekPORTIONSpcps (median [IQR]) 86.20 [65.86, 103.00] 50.50 [32.50, 65.00] <0.001 nonnorm
perfwc (median [IQR]) 7.00 [1.50, 7.00] 7.00 [1.00, 7.00] 0.860 nonnorm
weekPORTIONSdeo (median [IQR]) 7.00 [3.25, 7.00] 7.00 [3.00, 7.00] 0.554 nonnorm
weekPORTIONScosm (median [IQR]) 7.00 [0.18, 22.25] 7.00 [0.00, 21.12] 0.296 nonnorm
Hormones and iodine levels by country
CY RO p test
n 122 90
tsh (median [IQR]) 1.51 [1.06, 2.00] 1.68 [1.05, 2.55] 0.122 nonnorm
ft4 (median [IQR]) 12.70 [11.80, 14.00] 14.71 [13.10, 16.10] <0.001 nonnorm
iod_ugPERlt_spot (median [IQR]) 94.30 [40.40, 190.00] 118.40 [60.53, 182.80] 0.212 nonnorm
iod_ugPERg_spot (median [IQR]) 114.30 [67.40, 185.20] 125.72 [84.03, 174.82] 0.548 nonnorm

4.2 Logistic regressions

4.2.1 Table S6, Table S7

  • Demographics - table S6 - A
        status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   0.19 0.06 – 0.56 .003   0.14 0.03 – 0.55 .006   455.50 0.31 – 831313.64 .103   0.09 0.02 – 0.37 .001   0.94 0.69 – 1.28 .690   1.01 0.75 – 1.36 .940   0.32 0.12 – 0.75 .014   3.00 1.34 – 7.62 .012
    age   1.03 1.01 – 1.06 .003                                                        
    weight           1.03 1.01 – 1.05 .005                                                
    heightM                   0.02 0.00 – 2.02 .103                                        
    BMI                           1.10 1.04 – 1.16 .001                                
    smokstCurrently                                   1.07 0.51 – 2.21 .863                        
    smokstPast                                   1.60 0.55 – 4.97 .394                        
    alcconsWeekend                                           0.78 0.33 – 1.80 .557                
    alcconsOften                                           0.74 0.14 – 3.46 .701                
    marstatMarried                                                   3.74 1.49 – 10.72 .008        
    marstatDivorced                                                   1.41 0.30 – 6.26 .654        
    marstatWidow                                                   4.43 1.05 – 20.69 .047        
    marstatOther                                                   6707569.93 0.00 – NA .986        
    eduSecondary                                                           0.35 0.13 – 0.89 .033
    eduUniversity                                                           0.23 0.08 – 0.56 .002
    eduOther                                                           1919270.95 0.00 – NA .989
    Observations   212   209   208   206   208   207   208   207
  • Questionnaire exposures - table S6 - A
        status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   1.15 0.86 – 1.54 .354   1.02 0.76 – 1.35 .906   1.33 0.92 – 1.96 .138   0.78 0.48 – 1.26 .314   1.91 0.95 – 3.94 .073   2.01 1.23 – 3.35 .006   1.37 0.81 – 2.35 .248   1.62 1.10 – 2.41 .015
    daily20lglass   0.86 0.72 – 1.00 .060                                                        
    MwaveFrw           1.00 0.87 – 1.16 .964                                                
    weekPORTIONScanned                   0.84 0.73 – 0.95 .013                                        
    weekMINScleaning                           1.00 1.00 – 1.00 .327                                
    weekPORTIONSpcps                                   0.99 0.98 – 1.00 .090                        
    perfwc                                           0.87 0.80 – 0.95 .002                
    weekPORTIONSdeo                                                   0.95 0.87 – 1.03 .203        
    weekPORTIONScosm                                                           0.96 0.94 – 0.98 .001
    Observations   209   208   193   185   168   207   200   202
  • Hormone levels and iodine - table S6 - A
        status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   1.26 0.91 – 1.76 .171   0.52 0.00 – 59.61 .784   2.47 0.75 – 8.44 .140
    ln_tsh   0.57 0.36 – 0.88 .014                
    ln_ft4           1.28 0.21 – 7.98 .790        
    ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot                   0.82 0.62 – 1.06 .129
    Observations   212   210   208

Study-site adjusted univariate logistic regression

  • Demographics - table S6 - B
        status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   0.13 0.04 – 0.43 .001   0.14 0.03 – 0.55 .006   1091.28 0.66 – 2395330.40 .068   0.09 0.02 – 0.36 .001   0.83 0.57 – 1.23 .358   0.92 0.62 – 1.36 .663   0.27 0.09 – 0.66 .007   2.74 1.18 – 7.16 .026
    countryRO   1.61 0.91 – 2.87 .103   1.16 0.66 – 2.06 .604   1.57 0.89 – 2.78 .119   1.22 0.69 – 2.17 .490   1.34 0.77 – 2.35 .306   1.24 0.70 – 2.20 .455   1.40 0.79 – 2.52 .252   1.24 0.70 – 2.21 .463
    age   1.04 1.02 – 1.06 .001                                                        
    weight           1.03 1.01 – 1.05 .007                                                
    heightM                   0.01 0.00 – 1.17 .062                                        
    BMI                           1.10 1.04 – 1.16 .001                                
    smokstCurrently                                   1.03 0.49 – 2.14 .942                        
    smokstPast                                   1.67 0.57 – 5.21 .356                        
    alcconsWeekend                                           0.82 0.34 – 1.93 .652                
    alcconsOften                                           0.82 0.15 – 3.90 .800                
    marstatMarried                                                   3.92 1.55 – 11.31 .006        
    marstatDivorced                                                   1.38 0.29 – 6.18 .672        
    marstatWidow                                                   4.20 0.99 – 19.71 .057        
    marstatOther                                                   5665074.60 0.00 – NA .986        
    eduSecondary                                                           0.35 0.12 – 0.88 .032
    eduUniversity                                                           0.23 0.08 – 0.56 .002
    eduOther                                                           1692079.85 0.00 – NA .989
    Observations   212   209   208   206   208   207   208   207
  • Questionnaire exposures - table S6 - B
        status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   1.05 0.71 – 1.56 .802   0.88 0.61 – 1.28 .515   1.25 0.79 – 2.04 .348   0.68 0.37 – 1.21 .192   1.55 0.59 – 4.16 .374   1.70 1.00 – 2.96 .055   1.16 0.66 – 2.07 .607   1.43 0.91 – 2.26 .123
    country (RO)   1.21 0.69 – 2.13 .515   1.39 0.80 – 2.43 .248   1.14 0.62 – 2.09 .679   1.31 0.71 – 2.43 .396   1.26 0.60 – 2.65 .544   1.55 0.87 – 2.76 .137   1.56 0.89 – 2.78 .124   1.36 0.76 – 2.44 .297
    daily20lglass   0.87 0.73 – 1.01 .086                                                        
    MwaveFrw           1.01 0.87 – 1.17 .882                                                
    weekPORTIONScanned                   0.85 0.73 – 0.96 .018                                        
    weekMINScleaning                           1.00 1.00 – 1.00 .249                                
    weekPORTIONSpcps                                   0.99 0.98 – 1.00 .257                        
    perfwc                                           0.87 0.80 – 0.95 .001                
    weekPORTIONSdeo                                                   0.94 0.87 – 1.02 .169        
    weekPORTIONScosm                                                           0.96 0.94 – 0.98 .001
    Observations   209   208   193   185   168   207   200   202
  • Hormone levels and iodine - table S6 - B
        status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   1.08 0.73 – 1.61 .688   1.62 0.01 – 272.73 .853   2.35 0.72 – 8.04 .163
    country (RO)   1.49 0.85 – 2.63 .166   1.46 0.80 – 2.67 .219   1.41 0.81 – 2.48 .231
    ln_tsh   0.55 0.34 – 0.86 .010                
    ln_ft4           0.78 0.10 – 5.70 .802        
    ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot                   0.80 0.61 – 1.04 .097
    Observations   212   210   208
  • BPF, BPA and ClxBPA - table S7
        status01   status01   status01
        OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
    (Intercept)   70.67 6.36 – 957.34 .001   1.13 0.20 – 6.60 .888   7.69 0.01 – 8670.21 .554
    country (RO)   2.28 1.19 – 4.49 .015   1.27 0.73 – 2.22 .406   1.34 0.75 – 2.41 .322
    ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.29 0.87 – 1.92 .206   0.97 0.67 – 1.39 .851   0.97 0.68 – 1.37 .847
    ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.56 0.40 – 0.77 <.001                
    ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot           0.96 0.74 – 1.25 .765        
    ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot                   0.65 0.16 – 2.44 .527
    Observations   206   206   206

4.2.2 Table 3

BPF, BPA and ClxBPA - table 3 - crude estimates
    status01   status01   status01
    OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
(Intercept)   22.64 2.54 – 237.69 .007   1.30 0.24 – 7.37 .761   3.39 0.00 – 2788.32 .713
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.21 0.83 – 1.79 .325   0.98 0.68 – 1.41 .919   0.97 0.69 – 1.38 .879
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.67 0.50 – 0.88 .006                
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot           0.96 0.73 – 1.24 .731        
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot                   0.78 0.21 – 2.78 .706
Observations   206   206   206
(A1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table 3
    status01   status01   status01
    OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.36 0.00 – 124.19 .732   0.08 0.00 – 29.94 .406   0.09 0.00 – 895.49 .605
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.04 .270   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .145   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .148
BMI   1.08 1.02 – 1.16 .014   1.08 1.01 – 1.15 .019   1.08 1.01 – 1.15 .018
ln_tsh   0.48 0.28 – 0.81 .007   0.44 0.26 – 0.73 .002   0.44 0.26 – 0.73 .002
ln_ft4   1.26 0.15 – 10.56 .830   1.00 0.12 – 8.09 .997   1.01 0.13 – 8.13 .990
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.27 0.84 – 1.94 .266   1.11 0.74 – 1.66 .613   1.10 0.75 – 1.63 .619
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.76 0.56 – 1.03 .085                
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot           0.98 0.73 – 1.31 .902        
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot                   0.95 0.22 – 3.88 .941
Observations   198   198   198
(A2) Adjusted for: study site, age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table 3
    status01   status01   status01
    OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
(Intercept)   12.72 0.02 – 11825.67 .459   0.27 0.00 – 150.42 .687   1.77 0.00 – 62411.79 .913
country (RO)   2.38 1.11 – 5.26 .029   1.54 0.78 – 3.08 .217   1.62 0.80 – 3.35 .187
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .166   1.02 1.00 – 1.05 .095   1.02 1.00 – 1.05 .095
BMI   1.07 1.01 – 1.15 .034   1.07 1.01 – 1.15 .032   1.07 1.01 – 1.15 .030
ln_tsh   0.48 0.27 – 0.80 .007   0.43 0.25 – 0.71 .002   0.43 0.25 – 0.71 .002
ln_ft4   0.47 0.04 – 4.76 .520   0.58 0.06 – 5.55 .633   0.54 0.05 – 5.31 .599
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.34 0.88 – 2.08 .180   1.09 0.72 – 1.64 .683   1.10 0.74 – 1.63 .636
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.65 0.46 – 0.91 .014                
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot           0.99 0.74 – 1.32 .939        
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot                   0.70 0.14 – 3.09 .647
Observations   198   198   198
(B1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table 3
    status01   status01   status01
    OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
(Intercept)   1.25 0.00 – 606.31 .942   0.51 0.00 – 305.50 .836   0.29 0.00 – 3440.14 .795
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .201   1.02 1.00 – 1.05 .105   1.02 1.00 – 1.05 .104
BMI   1.08 1.02 – 1.16 .017   1.08 1.01 – 1.15 .022   1.08 1.01 – 1.15 .022
ln_tsh   0.50 0.29 – 0.83 .009   0.46 0.27 – 0.77 .004   0.46 0.27 – 0.77 .004
ln_ft4   1.10 0.13 – 9.29 .931   0.89 0.11 – 7.23 .910   0.90 0.11 – 7.27 .919
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.76 0.49 – 1.15 .196   0.71 0.47 – 1.07 .107   0.71 0.47 – 1.07 .108
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.62 0.93 – 2.87 .093   1.54 0.88 – 2.75 .138   1.52 0.88 – 2.68 .139
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.80 0.58 – 1.08 .148                
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot           0.98 0.73 – 1.30 .867        
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot                   1.07 0.24 – 4.47 .924
Observations   198   198   198
(B2) Adjusted for: study site age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table 3
    status01   status01   status01
    OR CI p   OR CI p   OR CI p
(Intercept)   62.23 0.05 – 91559.40 .258   2.85 0.00 – 2940.48 .766   9.67 0.00 – 462152.40 .671
country (RO)   2.46 1.14 – 5.50 .025   1.67 0.83 – 3.40 .151   1.73 0.84 – 3.63 .141
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .115   1.03 1.00 – 1.06 .059   1.03 1.00 – 1.06 .060
BMI   1.07 1.00 – 1.15 .042   1.07 1.00 – 1.14 .042   1.07 1.00 – 1.15 .040
ln_tsh   0.49 0.28 – 0.83 .010   0.45 0.26 – 0.75 .003   0.45 0.26 – 0.75 .003
ln_ft4   0.37 0.03 – 3.93 .413   0.44 0.04 – 4.44 .489   0.43 0.04 – 4.33 .473
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.74 0.48 – 1.12 .163   0.69 0.45 – 1.03 .077   0.69 0.45 – 1.04 .083
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.75 1.00 – 3.14 .056   1.56 0.89 – 2.81 .129   1.55 0.90 – 2.75 .121
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.67 0.47 – 0.94 .025                
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot           0.98 0.73 – 1.31 .900        
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot                   0.77 0.15 – 3.47 .744
Observations   198   198   198

4.2.3 Table S8

(A1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table S8 - BPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.07 0.00 – 34.86 .401
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .197
BMI   1.07 1.00 – 1.15 .045
ln_tsh   0.51 0.30 – 0.86 .015
ln_ft4   1.66 0.19 – 15.00 .646
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.13 0.72 – 1.76 .596
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.88 0.58 – 1.33 .553
Observations   177
(A2) Adjusted for: study site, age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table S8 - BPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   3.52 0.00 – 4918.44 .731
country (RO)   2.52 1.17 – 5.62 .020
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .110
BMI   1.06 0.99 – 1.14 .100
ln_tsh   0.50 0.28 – 0.85 .013
ln_ft4   0.57 0.05 – 6.31 .648
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.20 0.76 – 1.90 .433
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.73 0.46 – 1.14 .166
Observations   177
(B1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table S8 - BPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.21 0.00 – 150.72 .638
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .156
BMI   1.07 1.00 – 1.15 .049
ln_tsh   0.53 0.30 – 0.89 .020
ln_ft4   1.45 0.16 – 13.23 .740
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.78 0.50 – 1.21 .277
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.39 0.78 – 2.51 .270
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.92 0.60 – 1.40 .690
Observations   177
(B2) Adjusted for: study site age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table S8 - BPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   14.85 0.01 – 34180.50 .488
country (RO)   2.60 1.19 – 5.85 .018
age   1.03 1.00 – 1.06 .082
BMI   1.06 0.99 – 1.13 .112
ln_tsh   0.52 0.29 – 0.88 .019
ln_ft4   0.46 0.04 – 5.25 .532
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.77 0.49 – 1.18 .237
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.51 0.84 – 2.76 .176
ln_BPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.76 0.48 – 1.18 .223
Observations   177
(A1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table S8 - BPF
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.02 0.00 – 17.83 .254
age   1.03 1.00 – 1.06 .088
BMI   1.05 0.98 – 1.13 .175
ln_tsh   0.48 0.27 – 0.82 .009
ln_ft4   0.95 0.10 – 9.09 .967
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.14 0.74 – 1.76 .552
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot   1.39 0.82 – 2.38 .222
Observations   177
(A2) Adjusted for: study site, age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table S8 - BPF
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.06 0.00 – 91.57 .457
country (RO)   1.69 0.81 – 3.57 .164
age   1.03 1.00 – 1.06 .053
BMI   1.04 0.97 – 1.12 .253
ln_tsh   0.47 0.27 – 0.80 .007
ln_ft4   0.51 0.04 – 5.74 .582
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.09 0.71 – 1.70 .689
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot   1.42 0.84 – 2.44 .200
Observations   177
(B1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table S8 - BPF
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.10 0.00 – 163.16 .546
age   1.03 1.00 – 1.06 .061
BMI   1.05 0.98 – 1.13 .197
ln_tsh   0.50 0.29 – 0.86 .014
ln_ft4   0.85 0.09 – 8.31 .891
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.69 0.45 – 1.05 .090
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.64 0.90 – 3.06 .110
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot   1.41 0.84 – 2.43 .203
Observations   177
(B2) Adjusted for: study site age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table S8 - BPF
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   0.61 0.00 – 1515.15 .902
country (RO)   1.83 0.87 – 3.95 .115
age   1.03 1.00 – 1.07 .031
BMI   1.04 0.97 – 1.12 .298
ln_tsh   0.49 0.28 – 0.84 .012
ln_ft4   0.39 0.03 – 4.69 .462
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.67 0.43 – 1.02 .064
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.62 0.89 – 3.04 .119
ln_BPF_ngPERlt_spot   1.44 0.85 – 2.50 .179
Observations   177
(A1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table S8 - ClxBPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   2.08 0.00 – 379132.11 .905
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .308
BMI   1.09 1.02 – 1.17 .013
ln_tsh   0.49 0.28 – 0.83 .010
ln_ft4   1.26 0.15 – 11.03 .835
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.19 0.80 – 1.79 .390
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.46 0.05 – 3.95 .481
Observations   179
(A2) Adjusted for: study site, age, BMI, TSH, FT4 - table S8 - ClxBPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   258.19 0.00 – 372265383.87 .435
country (RO)   1.74 0.81 – 3.82 .161
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .214
BMI   1.08 1.01 – 1.16 .021
ln_tsh   0.48 0.27 – 0.81 .008
ln_ft4   0.61 0.05 – 6.72 .690
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.19 0.79 – 1.79 .407
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.24 0.02 – 2.52 .242
Observations   179
(B1) Adjusted for: age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table S8 - ClxBPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   4.81 0.00 – 1018480.46 .800
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.05 .215
BMI   1.09 1.02 – 1.17 .014
ln_tsh   0.52 0.30 – 0.88 .017
ln_ft4   1.06 0.12 – 9.42 .955
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.68 0.43 – 1.04 .082
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.73 0.97 – 3.19 .068
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.59 0.06 – 5.26 .635
Observations   179
(B2) Adjusted for: study site age, BMI, TSH, FT4, spot iodine (ΞΌg/L) - table S8 - ClxBPA
    status01
    OR CI p
(Intercept)   1604.53 0.00 – 3418234838.35 .310
country (RO)   1.92 0.88 – 4.32 .108
age   1.02 0.99 – 1.06 .129
BMI   1.08 1.01 – 1.16 .027
ln_tsh   0.51 0.29 – 0.86 .014
ln_ft4   0.44 0.04 – 5.03 .509
ln_iod_ugPERlt_spot   0.65 0.41 – 1.00 .057
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot   1.79 1.00 – 3.33 .055
ln_ClxBPA_ngPERlt_spot   0.29 0.02 – 3.07 .308
Observations   179

5 Determinants of exposure by compound in the whole study population

5.0.1 Table 2

Determinants of BPA exposure - linear regression analysis (table 2 - BPA - model 1
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures
Spot BPA (ng/L creatinine, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.593 (0.413, 0.774) 0.606 (0.423, 0.790) 0.566 (0.377, 0.755) 0.566 (0.368, 0.763) 0.584 (0.383, 0.785) 0.591 (0.407, 0.776) 0.590 (0.404, 0.777) 0.597 (0.410, 0.784)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
daily20lglass 0.038 (-0.036, 0.111)
p = 0.315
MwaveFrw -0.049 (-0.125, 0.027)
p = 0.208
weekPORTIONScanned -0.015 (-0.070, 0.039)
p = 0.579
weekMINScleaning -0.001 (-0.002, -0.001)
p = 0.0004
weekPORTIONSpcps -0.003 (-0.007, 0.002)
p = 0.219
perfwc 0.006 (-0.036, 0.047)
p = 0.785
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.034 (-0.010, 0.078)
p = 0.128
weekPORTIONScosm 0.009 (-0.002, 0.020)
p = 0.129
Constant 7.936 (7.771, 8.102) 8.008 (7.843, 8.172) 7.969 (7.772, 8.166) 8.321 (8.054, 8.587) 8.134 (7.757, 8.511) 7.926 (7.666, 8.186) 7.789 (7.497, 8.081) 7.857 (7.643, 8.071)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 203 202 188 179 164 201 194 196
R2 0.177 0.175 0.163 0.203 0.170 0.167 0.173 0.177
Adjusted R2 0.169 0.167 0.153 0.194 0.159 0.158 0.164 0.169
Residual Std. Error 1.061 (df = 200) 1.062 (df = 199) 1.070 (df = 185) 1.067 (df = 176) 1.059 (df = 161) 1.065 (df = 198) 1.063 (df = 191) 1.073 (df = 193)
F Statistic 21.568*** (df = 2; 200) 21.093*** (df = 2; 199) 17.950*** (df = 2; 185) 22.354*** (df = 2; 176) 16.461*** (df = 2; 161) 19.780*** (df = 2; 198) 19.911*** (df = 2; 191) 20.805*** (df = 2; 193)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
Determinants of BPA exposure - linear regression analysis (Table 2 - BPA - model 2
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot BPA (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.495 (0.330, 0.660) 0.501 (0.333, 0.669) 0.452 (0.275, 0.629) 0.429 (0.247, 0.611) 0.410 (0.216, 0.603) 0.464 (0.292, 0.635) 0.471 (0.296, 0.647) 0.505 (0.332, 0.679)
p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00001 p = 0.0001 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000
countryRO 1.056 (0.776, 1.336) 1.009 (0.731, 1.286) 0.999 (0.707, 1.290) 1.104 (0.800, 1.409) 1.235 (0.873, 1.598) 1.026 (0.750, 1.303) 1.004 (0.720, 1.288) 1.019 (0.738, 1.301)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
status011 -0.389 (-0.656, -0.122) -0.432 (-0.699, -0.164) -0.410 (-0.697, -0.123) -0.458 (-0.740, -0.176) -0.428 (-0.725, -0.132) -0.476 (-0.747, -0.206) -0.475 (-0.751, -0.199) -0.431 (-0.709, -0.153)
p = 0.005 p = 0.002 p = 0.006 p = 0.002 p = 0.006 p = 0.001 p = 0.001 p = 0.003
age -0.006 (-0.018, 0.006) -0.007 (-0.019, 0.006) -0.009 (-0.021, 0.004) -0.003 (-0.016, 0.009) -0.005 (-0.019, 0.008) -0.008 (-0.021, 0.004) -0.004 (-0.017, 0.008) -0.005 (-0.018, 0.008)
p = 0.320 p = 0.292 p = 0.188 p = 0.608 p = 0.433 p = 0.195 p = 0.503 p = 0.473
BMI -0.002 (-0.029, 0.025) 0.002 (-0.025, 0.029) 0.003 (-0.027, 0.033) -0.006 (-0.035, 0.022) -0.001 (-0.032, 0.030) -0.002 (-0.029, 0.025) -0.002 (-0.030, 0.026) 0.004 (-0.025, 0.032)
p = 0.903 p = 0.886 p = 0.854 p = 0.675 p = 0.958 p = 0.894 p = 0.883 p = 0.807
daily20lglass 0.075 (0.002, 0.147)
p = 0.046
MwaveFrw -0.031 (-0.101, 0.039)
p = 0.386
weekPORTIONScanned -0.013 (-0.063, 0.036)
p = 0.598
weekMINScleaning -0.001 (-0.001, 0.0001)
p = 0.098
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.005 (0.001, 0.010)
p = 0.030
perfwc -0.024 (-0.064, 0.015)
p = 0.226
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.013 (-0.027, 0.053)
p = 0.532
weekPORTIONScosm 0.003 (-0.008, 0.014)
p = 0.599
Constant 7.978 (7.281, 8.674) 8.036 (7.336, 8.736) 8.099 (7.328, 8.871) 8.203 (7.451, 8.955) 7.523 (6.557, 8.490) 8.326 (7.501, 9.150) 7.961 (7.146, 8.777) 7.852 (6.971, 8.732)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 198 197 183 175 159 196 189 191
R2 0.401 0.394 0.377 0.418 0.386 0.391 0.381 0.388
Adjusted R2 0.382 0.375 0.356 0.397 0.362 0.372 0.361 0.368
Residual Std. Error 0.922 (df = 191) 0.927 (df = 190) 0.941 (df = 176) 0.927 (df = 168) 0.931 (df = 152) 0.927 (df = 189) 0.937 (df = 182) 0.943 (df = 184)
F Statistic 21.289*** (df = 6; 191) 20.600*** (df = 6; 190) 17.739*** (df = 6; 176) 20.103*** (df = 6; 168) 15.926*** (df = 6; 152) 20.246*** (df = 6; 189) 18.689*** (df = 6; 182) 19.402*** (df = 6; 184)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

5.1 Table S5

5to95 - Determinants of BPA exposure - linear regression analysis - Table S5 - BPA
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot BPA (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.467 (0.334, 0.600) 0.468 (0.333, 0.603) 0.437 (0.295, 0.579) 0.401 (0.255, 0.547) 0.396 (0.252, 0.541) 0.451 (0.312, 0.590) 0.450 (0.308, 0.591) 0.478 (0.338, 0.617)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
countryRO 0.681 (0.450, 0.912) 0.644 (0.416, 0.872) 0.619 (0.382, 0.856) 0.707 (0.460, 0.955) 0.712 (0.433, 0.992) 0.639 (0.410, 0.868) 0.619 (0.386, 0.853) 0.637 (0.407, 0.868)
p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000
status011 -0.185 (-0.404, 0.033) -0.220 (-0.440, 0.0002) -0.228 (-0.461, 0.005) -0.258 (-0.488, -0.029) -0.186 (-0.412, 0.039) -0.242 (-0.467, -0.017) -0.230 (-0.458, -0.003) -0.205 (-0.434, 0.025)
p = 0.099 p = 0.052 p = 0.058 p = 0.029 p = 0.108 p = 0.037 p = 0.050 p = 0.082
age -0.002 (-0.012, 0.008) -0.002 (-0.012, 0.008) -0.002 (-0.013, 0.008) -0.00002 (-0.010, 0.010) 0.001 (-0.010, 0.011) -0.002 (-0.013, 0.008) -0.001 (-0.011, 0.010) 0.001 (-0.010, 0.012)
p = 0.670 p = 0.670 p = 0.655 p = 0.998 p = 0.906 p = 0.668 p = 0.881 p = 0.860
BMI -0.001 (-0.023, 0.021) 0.002 (-0.020, 0.024) 0.007 (-0.017, 0.030) -0.005 (-0.028, 0.018) 0.002 (-0.021, 0.025) 0.001 (-0.021, 0.023) 0.00005 (-0.022, 0.022) 0.005 (-0.018, 0.027)
p = 0.910 p = 0.838 p = 0.587 p = 0.671 p = 0.890 p = 0.956 p = 0.997 p = 0.694
daily20lglass 0.056 (-0.002, 0.114)
p = 0.062
MwaveFrw -0.022 (-0.077, 0.032)
p = 0.426
weekPORTIONScanned -0.004 (-0.043, 0.035)
p = 0.844
weekMINScleaning -0.0003 (-0.001, 0.0002)
p = 0.295
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.004 (0.001, 0.008)
p = 0.020
perfwc -0.006 (-0.038, 0.026)
p = 0.708
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.008 (-0.025, 0.040)
p = 0.634
weekPORTIONScosm 0.007 (-0.003, 0.016)
p = 0.164
Constant 7.779 (7.218, 8.339) 7.793 (7.228, 8.359) 7.672 (7.054, 8.290) 7.909 (7.306, 8.513) 7.234 (6.519, 7.950) 7.853 (7.191, 8.515) 7.733 (7.071, 8.395) 7.473 (6.779, 8.167)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 177 176 164 154 140 175 169 170
R2 0.373 0.365 0.341 0.366 0.362 0.353 0.343 0.360
Adjusted R2 0.351 0.342 0.316 0.340 0.334 0.330 0.319 0.336
Residual Std. Error 0.712 (df = 170) 0.716 (df = 169) 0.722 (df = 157) 0.704 (df = 147) 0.653 (df = 133) 0.718 (df = 168) 0.723 (df = 162) 0.726 (df = 163)
F Statistic 16.883*** (df = 6; 170) 16.166*** (df = 6; 169) 13.530*** (df = 6; 157) 14.118*** (df = 6; 147) 12.595*** (df = 6; 133) 15.252*** (df = 6; 168) 14.118*** (df = 6; 162) 15.260*** (df = 6; 163)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
Determinants of BPF exposure - linear regression analysis (Table 2 - BPF - model 1)
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures
Spot BPF (ng/L creatinine, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.451 (0.271, 0.632) 0.401 (0.223, 0.579) 0.386 (0.201, 0.571) 0.519 (0.331, 0.707) 0.408 (0.213, 0.602) 0.431 (0.248, 0.614) 0.429 (0.241, 0.617) 0.464 (0.278, 0.650)
p = 0.00001 p = 0.00002 p = 0.0001 p = 0.00000 p = 0.0001 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00002 p = 0.00001
daily20lglass 0.005 (-0.068, 0.078)
p = 0.886
MwaveFrw 0.124 (0.050, 0.198)
p = 0.002
weekPORTIONScanned -0.006 (-0.059, 0.047)
p = 0.821
weekMINScleaning 0.00001 (-0.001, 0.001)
p = 0.966
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.002 (-0.002, 0.006)
p = 0.375
perfwc -0.014 (-0.055, 0.027)
p = 0.502
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.006 (-0.039, 0.050)
p = 0.806
weekPORTIONScosm -0.0001 (-0.011, 0.011)
p = 0.983
Constant 6.414 (6.248, 6.579) 6.342 (6.182, 6.502) 6.411 (6.218, 6.604) 6.441 (6.187, 6.696) 6.294 (5.929, 6.659) 6.505 (6.248, 6.762) 6.416 (6.122, 6.710) 6.451 (6.239, 6.663)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 203 202 188 179 164 201 194 196
R2 0.108 0.151 0.085 0.143 0.103 0.098 0.095 0.110
Adjusted R2 0.099 0.142 0.075 0.133 0.092 0.089 0.085 0.101
Residual Std. Error 1.060 (df = 200) 1.032 (df = 199) 1.045 (df = 185) 1.018 (df = 176) 1.023 (df = 161) 1.055 (df = 198) 1.071 (df = 191) 1.064 (df = 193)
F Statistic 12.064*** (df = 2; 200) 17.672*** (df = 2; 199) 8.622*** (df = 2; 185) 14.624*** (df = 2; 176) 9.241*** (df = 2; 161) 10.800*** (df = 2; 198) 9.975*** (df = 2; 191) 11.966*** (df = 2; 193)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
Determinants of BPF exposure - linear regression analysis (Table 2 - BPF - model 2)
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot BPF (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.448 (0.255, 0.642) 0.400 (0.210, 0.590) 0.380 (0.179, 0.581) 0.494 (0.291, 0.697) 0.385 (0.167, 0.603) 0.411 (0.212, 0.610) 0.422 (0.217, 0.626) 0.454 (0.254, 0.654)
p = 0.00001 p = 0.0001 p = 0.0003 p = 0.00001 p = 0.001 p = 0.0001 p = 0.0001 p = 0.00002
countryRO -0.073 (-0.401, 0.255) 0.024 (-0.290, 0.338) -0.102 (-0.434, 0.229) -0.035 (-0.374, 0.304) 0.036 (-0.372, 0.445) -0.013 (-0.333, 0.308) -0.043 (-0.373, 0.288) -0.041 (-0.366, 0.283)
p = 0.662 p = 0.882 p = 0.545 p = 0.840 p = 0.863 p = 0.938 p = 0.800 p = 0.804
status011 -0.025 (-0.338, 0.288) -0.051 (-0.353, 0.252) -0.043 (-0.369, 0.283) -0.090 (-0.404, 0.224) 0.015 (-0.319, 0.349) -0.097 (-0.411, 0.216) -0.068 (-0.389, 0.254) -0.035 (-0.356, 0.286)
p = 0.876 p = 0.743 p = 0.798 p = 0.577 p = 0.932 p = 0.544 p = 0.680 p = 0.830
age -0.00000 (-0.014, 0.014) 0.006 (-0.008, 0.020) 0.0003 (-0.014, 0.015) -0.002 (-0.017, 0.012) 0.001 (-0.014, 0.016) -0.001 (-0.016, 0.013) 0.001 (-0.014, 0.016) -0.002 (-0.018, 0.013)
p = 1.000 p = 0.410 p = 0.967 p = 0.759 p = 0.910 p = 0.847 p = 0.888 p = 0.761
BMI -0.011 (-0.043, 0.021) -0.018 (-0.049, 0.012) -0.011 (-0.045, 0.023) -0.019 (-0.051, 0.013) -0.021 (-0.056, 0.014) -0.016 (-0.047, 0.016) -0.017 (-0.050, 0.015) -0.007 (-0.039, 0.026)
p = 0.489 p = 0.242 p = 0.530 p = 0.244 p = 0.247 p = 0.329 p = 0.293 p = 0.694
daily20lglass 0.001 (-0.085, 0.086)
p = 0.989
MwaveFrw 0.142 (0.062, 0.221)
p = 0.001
weekPORTIONScanned -0.008 (-0.065, 0.048)
p = 0.776
weekMINScleaning 0.0001 (-0.001, 0.001)
p = 0.821
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.002 (-0.004, 0.007)
p = 0.542
perfwc -0.024 (-0.069, 0.022)
p = 0.310
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.004 (-0.043, 0.052)
p = 0.854
weekPORTIONScosm -0.002 (-0.015, 0.011)
p = 0.752
Constant 6.751 (5.934, 7.569) 6.540 (5.748, 7.333) 6.738 (5.863, 7.614) 7.066 (6.228, 7.904) 6.780 (5.692, 7.867) 7.080 (6.126, 8.035) 6.873 (5.923, 7.823) 6.796 (5.781, 7.811)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 198 197 183 175 159 196 189 191
R2 0.109 0.160 0.088 0.154 0.108 0.105 0.101 0.110
Adjusted R2 0.081 0.134 0.056 0.124 0.073 0.077 0.071 0.081
Residual Std. Error 1.081 (df = 191) 1.049 (df = 190) 1.067 (df = 176) 1.033 (df = 168) 1.048 (df = 152) 1.073 (df = 189) 1.091 (df = 182) 1.087 (df = 184)
F Statistic 3.906*** (df = 6; 191) 6.042*** (df = 6; 190) 2.814** (df = 6; 176) 5.093*** (df = 6; 168) 3.080*** (df = 6; 152) 3.711*** (df = 6; 189) 3.400*** (df = 6; 182) 3.791*** (df = 6; 184)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
5to95 - Determinants of BPF exposure - linear regression analysis - Table S5 - BPF
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot BPF (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.240 (0.118, 0.363) 0.232 (0.109, 0.354) 0.225 (0.106, 0.345) 0.259 (0.140, 0.379) 0.226 (0.095, 0.357) 0.235 (0.112, 0.357) 0.240 (0.114, 0.366) 0.248 (0.121, 0.375)
p = 0.0002 p = 0.0003 p = 0.0003 p = 0.00004 p = 0.001 p = 0.0003 p = 0.0003 p = 0.0002
countryRO -0.055 (-0.260, 0.149) -0.040 (-0.241, 0.160) -0.105 (-0.304, 0.095) 0.018 (-0.188, 0.224) 0.090 (-0.156, 0.336) -0.037 (-0.237, 0.164) -0.063 (-0.269, 0.142) -0.055 (-0.257, 0.148)
p = 0.596 p = 0.694 p = 0.306 p = 0.864 p = 0.477 p = 0.720 p = 0.547 p = 0.600
status011 0.153 (-0.032, 0.338) 0.110 (-0.074, 0.294) 0.114 (-0.072, 0.300) 0.163 (-0.019, 0.346) 0.097 (-0.099, 0.292) 0.087 (-0.099, 0.272) 0.105 (-0.085, 0.295) 0.110 (-0.080, 0.301)
p = 0.108 p = 0.244 p = 0.231 p = 0.082 p = 0.333 p = 0.362 p = 0.282 p = 0.259
age -0.002 (-0.011, 0.006) -0.001 (-0.009, 0.008) -0.001 (-0.009, 0.007) -0.002 (-0.010, 0.007) -0.0001 (-0.009, 0.009) -0.003 (-0.011, 0.006) -0.001 (-0.010, 0.008) -0.005 (-0.014, 0.005)
p = 0.596 p = 0.894 p = 0.803 p = 0.714 p = 0.986 p = 0.576 p = 0.826 p = 0.331
BMI -0.007 (-0.027, 0.013) -0.006 (-0.026, 0.014) -0.011 (-0.032, 0.009) -0.003 (-0.023, 0.016) -0.012 (-0.034, 0.009) -0.006 (-0.026, 0.013) -0.008 (-0.028, 0.012) -0.003 (-0.023, 0.017)
p = 0.500 p = 0.559 p = 0.283 p = 0.744 p = 0.269 p = 0.533 p = 0.411 p = 0.775
daily20lglass 0.022 (-0.027, 0.071)
p = 0.375
MwaveFrw 0.056 (-0.003, 0.115)
p = 0.067
weekPORTIONScanned 0.017 (-0.015, 0.049)
p = 0.305
weekMINScleaning -0.00005 (-0.0005, 0.0004)
p = 0.824
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.003 (-0.0003, 0.006)
p = 0.079
perfwc -0.012 (-0.039, 0.014)
p = 0.369
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.006 (-0.022, 0.035)
p = 0.672
weekPORTIONScosm -0.004 (-0.012, 0.004)
p = 0.344
Constant 6.469 (5.959, 6.979) 6.377 (5.869, 6.885) 6.523 (6.002, 7.044) 6.372 (5.873, 6.870) 6.301 (5.649, 6.953) 6.588 (6.018, 7.157) 6.484 (5.921, 7.047) 6.597 (5.947, 7.247)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 177 176 165 158 144 176 169 171
R2 0.119 0.120 0.111 0.147 0.146 0.108 0.103 0.118
Adjusted R2 0.088 0.089 0.077 0.113 0.109 0.077 0.070 0.086
Residual Std. Error 0.611 (df = 170) 0.608 (df = 169) 0.584 (df = 158) 0.571 (df = 151) 0.586 (df = 137) 0.607 (df = 169) 0.614 (df = 162) 0.614 (df = 164)
F Statistic 3.833*** (df = 6; 170) 3.852*** (df = 6; 169) 3.280*** (df = 6; 158) 4.326*** (df = 6; 151) 3.911*** (df = 6; 137) 3.425*** (df = 6; 169) 3.108*** (df = 6; 162) 3.668*** (df = 6; 164)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
Determinants of ClxBPA exposure - linear regression analysis (Table 2 - ClxBPA - model 1)
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures
Spot ClxBPA (ng/L creatinine, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.053 (0.015, 0.090) 0.057 (0.020, 0.094) 0.052 (0.012, 0.092) 0.053 (0.010, 0.095) 0.055 (0.012, 0.099) 0.052 (0.014, 0.090) 0.053 (0.014, 0.092) 0.054 (0.015, 0.093)
p = 0.007 p = 0.003 p = 0.013 p = 0.016 p = 0.014 p = 0.009 p = 0.009 p = 0.007
daily20lglass 0.006 (-0.009, 0.021)
p = 0.461
MwaveFrw -0.021 (-0.036, -0.005)
p = 0.009
weekPORTIONScanned -0.002 (-0.014, 0.009)
p = 0.700
weekMINScleaning -0.00003 (-0.0002, 0.0001)
p = 0.717
weekPORTIONSpcps -0.0002 (-0.001, 0.001)
p = 0.622
perfwc 0.003 (-0.005, 0.012)
p = 0.462
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.001 (-0.008, 0.010)
p = 0.851
weekPORTIONScosm 0.002 (0.0001, 0.005)
p = 0.046
Constant 5.143 (5.109, 5.177) 5.156 (5.123, 5.189) 5.150 (5.108, 5.192) 5.155 (5.098, 5.213) 5.166 (5.084, 5.248) 5.127 (5.073, 5.181) 5.143 (5.082, 5.205) 5.116 (5.072, 5.160)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 203 202 188 179 164 201 194 196
R2 0.041 0.066 0.036 0.033 0.037 0.038 0.036 0.057
Adjusted R2 0.031 0.057 0.025 0.022 0.025 0.028 0.026 0.048
Residual Std. Error 0.219 (df = 200) 0.213 (df = 199) 0.227 (df = 185) 0.230 (df = 176) 0.230 (df = 161) 0.221 (df = 198) 0.223 (df = 191) 0.221 (df = 193)
F Statistic 4.225** (df = 2; 200) 7.063*** (df = 2; 199) 3.407** (df = 2; 185) 3.043* (df = 2; 176) 3.128** (df = 2; 161) 3.875** (df = 2; 198) 3.547** (df = 2; 191) 5.877*** (df = 2; 193)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
Determinants of ClxBPA exposure - linear regression analysis (Table - ClxBPA - model 2)
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot ClxBPA (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.037 (0.001, 0.074) 0.039 (0.002, 0.075) 0.037 (-0.003, 0.077) 0.032 (-0.010, 0.074) 0.028 (-0.016, 0.073) 0.036 (-0.003, 0.074) 0.036 (-0.004, 0.075) 0.043 (0.005, 0.081)
p = 0.049 p = 0.039 p = 0.075 p = 0.139 p = 0.214 p = 0.071 p = 0.080 p = 0.027
countryRO 0.137 (0.076, 0.199) 0.125 (0.065, 0.185) 0.130 (0.063, 0.196) 0.130 (0.059, 0.200) 0.167 (0.083, 0.250) 0.126 (0.064, 0.188) 0.122 (0.058, 0.186) 0.130 (0.068, 0.191)
p = 0.00003 p = 0.0001 p = 0.0002 p = 0.0005 p = 0.0002 p = 0.0001 p = 0.0003 p = 0.0001
status011 -0.018 (-0.077, 0.041) -0.014 (-0.072, 0.044) -0.017 (-0.082, 0.048) -0.022 (-0.088, 0.043) -0.018 (-0.086, 0.051) -0.018 (-0.078, 0.043) -0.017 (-0.079, 0.045) -0.011 (-0.072, 0.050)
p = 0.554 p = 0.634 p = 0.604 p = 0.504 p = 0.614 p = 0.563 p = 0.583 p = 0.723
age 0.00002 (-0.003, 0.003) -0.001 (-0.003, 0.002) -0.0003 (-0.003, 0.003) -0.0002 (-0.003, 0.003) -0.001 (-0.004, 0.003) -0.00004 (-0.003, 0.003) -0.0002 (-0.003, 0.003) 0.001 (-0.002, 0.004)
p = 0.987 p = 0.698 p = 0.853 p = 0.876 p = 0.724 p = 0.979 p = 0.915 p = 0.389
BMI 0.002 (-0.004, 0.008) 0.003 (-0.003, 0.008) 0.003 (-0.004, 0.010) 0.003 (-0.004, 0.009) 0.004 (-0.004, 0.011) 0.002 (-0.004, 0.008) 0.002 (-0.004, 0.008) 0.003 (-0.003, 0.009)
p = 0.487 p = 0.379 p = 0.363 p = 0.449 p = 0.336 p = 0.456 p = 0.522 p = 0.310
daily20lglass 0.016 (-0.0002, 0.032)
p = 0.055
MwaveFrw -0.016 (-0.031, -0.001)
p = 0.040
weekPORTIONScanned -0.001 (-0.012, 0.011)
p = 0.916
weekMINScleaning -0.00004 (-0.0002, 0.0001)
p = 0.615
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.001 (-0.0001, 0.002)
p = 0.071
perfwc 0.001 (-0.007, 0.010)
p = 0.741
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.0001 (-0.009, 0.009)
p = 0.988
weekPORTIONScosm 0.003 (0.001, 0.006)
p = 0.010
Constant 5.023 (4.868, 5.177) 5.056 (4.905, 5.207) 5.029 (4.854, 5.204) 5.057 (4.883, 5.232) 4.942 (4.719, 5.165) 5.027 (4.843, 5.211) 5.051 (4.868, 5.235) 4.903 (4.710, 5.095)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 198 197 183 175 159 196 189 191
R2 0.137 0.146 0.117 0.117 0.127 0.117 0.109 0.149
Adjusted R2 0.110 0.119 0.087 0.086 0.092 0.089 0.079 0.121
Residual Std. Error 0.204 (df = 191) 0.200 (df = 190) 0.213 (df = 176) 0.215 (df = 168) 0.215 (df = 152) 0.207 (df = 189) 0.211 (df = 182) 0.206 (df = 184)
F Statistic 5.047*** (df = 6; 191) 5.432*** (df = 6; 190) 3.876*** (df = 6; 176) 3.714*** (df = 6; 168) 3.681*** (df = 6; 152) 4.173*** (df = 6; 189) 3.693*** (df = 6; 182) 5.362*** (df = 6; 184)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
5to95 - Determinants of ClxBPA exposure - linear regression analysis - Table S5 - ClxBPA
Pooled population - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot ClxBPA (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.026 (0.001, 0.051) 0.030 (0.005, 0.056) 0.024 (-0.004, 0.051) 0.019 (-0.009, 0.048) 0.024 (-0.005, 0.052) 0.024 (-0.003, 0.050) 0.026 (-0.001, 0.054) 0.032 (0.005, 0.058)
p = 0.043 p = 0.022 p = 0.092 p = 0.180 p = 0.109 p = 0.083 p = 0.061 p = 0.022
countryRO 0.123 (0.081, 0.166) 0.106 (0.064, 0.148) 0.107 (0.062, 0.153) 0.117 (0.069, 0.164) 0.106 (0.051, 0.161) 0.111 (0.068, 0.153) 0.105 (0.061, 0.149) 0.112 (0.069, 0.155)
p = 0.00000 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00001 p = 0.0003 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00000
status011 -0.020 (-0.061, 0.021) -0.024 (-0.065, 0.017) -0.027 (-0.072, 0.018) -0.036 (-0.081, 0.008) -0.014 (-0.059, 0.031) -0.025 (-0.066, 0.017) -0.021 (-0.064, 0.022) -0.023 (-0.066, 0.020)
p = 0.335 p = 0.253 p = 0.242 p = 0.112 p = 0.540 p = 0.253 p = 0.336 p = 0.296
age 0.0003 (-0.002, 0.002) -0.0003 (-0.002, 0.002) -0.0001 (-0.002, 0.002) -0.0005 (-0.003, 0.002) -0.00000 (-0.002, 0.002) -0.0003 (-0.002, 0.002) 0.0001 (-0.002, 0.002) 0.001 (-0.001, 0.003)
p = 0.753 p = 0.780 p = 0.955 p = 0.643 p = 1.000 p = 0.806 p = 0.921 p = 0.463
BMI -0.001 (-0.005, 0.003) 0.0003 (-0.004, 0.004) 0.0001 (-0.005, 0.005) -0.001 (-0.005, 0.004) -0.001 (-0.006, 0.003) -0.0004 (-0.005, 0.004) -0.001 (-0.005, 0.004) -0.0001 (-0.004, 0.004)
p = 0.710 p = 0.900 p = 0.971 p = 0.747 p = 0.571 p = 0.867 p = 0.808 p = 0.965
daily20lglass 0.013 (0.002, 0.024)
p = 0.017
MwaveFrw -0.010 (-0.021, 0.0004)
p = 0.062
weekPORTIONScanned -0.004 (-0.012, 0.004)
p = 0.307
weekMINScleaning 0.00005 (-0.0001, 0.0001)
p = 0.365
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.0001 (-0.001, 0.001)
p = 0.720
perfwc -0.002 (-0.008, 0.004)
p = 0.564
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.002 (-0.004, 0.008)
p = 0.538
weekPORTIONScosm 0.002 (-0.0002, 0.003)
p = 0.092
Constant 5.069 (4.964, 5.174) 5.095 (4.989, 5.201) 5.093 (4.973, 5.213) 5.111 (4.994, 5.229) 5.098 (4.948, 5.248) 5.109 (4.979, 5.240) 5.080 (4.953, 5.207) 5.026 (4.890, 5.162)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 180 179 164 157 143 177 170 172
R2 0.206 0.196 0.170 0.184 0.157 0.176 0.165 0.190
Adjusted R2 0.179 0.168 0.138 0.151 0.120 0.147 0.134 0.161
Residual Std. Error 0.134 (df = 173) 0.135 (df = 172) 0.140 (df = 157) 0.138 (df = 150) 0.134 (df = 136) 0.136 (df = 170) 0.138 (df = 163) 0.138 (df = 165)
F Statistic 7.490*** (df = 6; 173) 6.987*** (df = 6; 172) 5.358*** (df = 6; 157) 5.634*** (df = 6; 150) 4.216*** (df = 6; 136) 6.072*** (df = 6; 170) 5.371*** (df = 6; 163) 6.460*** (df = 6; 165)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

5.2 Table S10 (additional table)

Determinants of BPA exposure - linear regression analysis - Table S10 (additional)
Pooled population (CASES only) - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot BPA (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.584 (0.374, 0.794) 0.576 (0.358, 0.794) 0.579 (0.352, 0.805) 0.562 (0.337, 0.787) 0.435 (0.206, 0.665) 0.599 (0.382, 0.815) 0.608 (0.387, 0.830) 0.615 (0.395, 0.836)
p = 0.00000 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00001 p = 0.00001 p = 0.0004 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.00000
countryRO 0.493 (0.161, 0.824) 0.444 (0.105, 0.782) 0.364 (0.006, 0.722) 0.344 (-0.026, 0.713) 0.759 (0.329, 1.190) 0.391 (0.055, 0.728) 0.367 (0.020, 0.714) 0.390 (0.048, 0.732)
p = 0.005 p = 0.012 p = 0.050 p = 0.073 p = 0.001 p = 0.026 p = 0.042 p = 0.028
age -0.006 (-0.020, 0.009) -0.009 (-0.024, 0.006) -0.011 (-0.027, 0.005) -0.002 (-0.018, 0.013) -0.007 (-0.023, 0.008) -0.007 (-0.022, 0.008) -0.007 (-0.023, 0.008) -0.006 (-0.023, 0.010)
p = 0.460 p = 0.249 p = 0.185 p = 0.765 p = 0.366 p = 0.355 p = 0.350 p = 0.450
BMI 0.012 (-0.016, 0.041) 0.011 (-0.019, 0.042) 0.019 (-0.013, 0.052) 0.006 (-0.024, 0.036) 0.012 (-0.021, 0.044) 0.013 (-0.016, 0.042) 0.014 (-0.016, 0.043) 0.018 (-0.013, 0.048)
p = 0.406 p = 0.460 p = 0.251 p = 0.693 p = 0.488 p = 0.396 p = 0.366 p = 0.266
daily20lglass 0.143 (0.026, 0.261)
p = 0.019
MwaveFrw -0.004 (-0.101, 0.092)
p = 0.928
weekPORTIONScanned -0.026 (-0.100, 0.047)
p = 0.485
weekMINScleaning -0.001 (-0.002, -0.0002)
p = 0.017
weekPORTIONSpcps 0.008 (0.003, 0.013)
p = 0.003
perfwc 0.011 (-0.033, 0.055)
p = 0.638
weekPORTIONSdeo 0.015 (-0.028, 0.059)
p = 0.490
weekPORTIONScosm 0.008 (-0.007, 0.024)
p = 0.292
Constant 7.430 (6.554, 8.307) 7.737 (6.864, 8.610) 7.687 (6.723, 8.650) 7.827 (6.925, 8.730) 6.867 (5.795, 7.939) 7.567 (6.608, 8.526) 7.538 (6.561, 8.515) 7.373 (6.292, 8.454)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 100 99 89 84 83 99 95 96
R2 0.370 0.336 0.334 0.357 0.366 0.336 0.335 0.350
Adjusted R2 0.336 0.300 0.294 0.315 0.325 0.301 0.297 0.314
Residual Std. Error 0.777 (df = 94) 0.799 (df = 93) 0.806 (df = 83) 0.771 (df = 78) 0.748 (df = 77) 0.796 (df = 93) 0.805 (df = 89) 0.800 (df = 90)
F Statistic 11.023*** (df = 5; 94) 9.411*** (df = 5; 93) 8.315*** (df = 5; 83) 8.647*** (df = 5; 78) 8.904*** (df = 5; 77) 9.430*** (df = 5; 93) 8.951*** (df = 5; 89) 9.701*** (df = 5; 90)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
Determinants of BPA exposure - linear regression analysis - Table S10 (additional)
Pooled population (CONTROLS only) - questionnaire exposures (adj. for study site, disease status, age, BMI
Spot BPA (ng/L, log transformed)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln_creat_gPERlt_spot 0.472 (0.234, 0.711) 0.468 (0.226, 0.710) 0.400 (0.147, 0.654) 0.366 (0.107, 0.625) 0.392 (0.101, 0.683) 0.372 (0.128, 0.616) 0.391 (0.133, 0.648) 0.473 (0.223, 0.724)
p = 0.0002 p = 0.0003 p = 0.003 p = 0.007 p = 0.011 p = 0.004 p = 0.004 p = 0.0004
countryRO 1.639 (1.210, 2.067) 1.609 (1.173, 2.044) 1.607 (1.170, 2.043) 1.795 (1.356, 2.234) 1.688 (1.156, 2.221) 1.665 (1.258, 2.073) 1.645 (1.217, 2.073) 1.645 (1.221, 2.070)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.00000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
age -0.003 (-0.021, 0.015) -0.001 (-0.019, 0.017) -0.003 (-0.021, 0.016) -0.005 (-0.024, 0.013) -0.005 (-0.026, 0.016) -0.011 (-0.030, 0.008) -0.002 (-0.021, 0.018) -0.002 (-0.022, 0.018)
p = 0.753 p = 0.916 p = 0.755 p = 0.570 p = 0.613 p = 0.253 p = 0.851 p = 0.837
BMI -0.004 (-0.055, 0.047) 0.006 (-0.043, 0.054) -0.005 (-0.057, 0.047) -0.008 (-0.058, 0.042) 0.003 (-0.051, 0.057) -0.0001 (-0.048, 0.048) -0.004 (-0.055, 0.047) 0.006 (-0.044, 0.056)
p = 0.889 p = 0.820 p = 0.855 p = 0.750 p = 0.921 p = 0.997 p = 0.888 p = 0.816
daily20lglass 0.071 (-0.023, 0.164)
p = 0.142
MwaveFrw -0.006 (-0.106, 0.094)
p = 0.903
weekPORTIONScanned 0.0005 (-0.065, 0.066)
p = 0.989
weekMINScleaning -0.00002 (-0.001, 0.001)
p = 0.965
weekPORTIONSpcps -0.003 (-0.011, 0.005)
p = 0.529
perfwc -0.076 (-0.139, -0.013)
p = 0.022
weekPORTIONSdeo -0.008 (-0.080, 0.065)
p = 0.838
weekPORTIONScosm -0.001 (-0.016, 0.015)
p = 0.920
Constant 7.644 (6.487, 8.801) 7.428 (6.244, 8.611) 7.760 (6.499, 9.022) 7.931 (6.728, 9.134) 7.904 (6.349, 9.460) 8.450 (7.115, 9.786) 7.743 (6.402, 9.085) 7.469 (6.105, 8.833)
p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p = 0.000
Observations 98 98 94 91 76 97 94 95
R2 0.485 0.480 0.464 0.522 0.504 0.514 0.476 0.478
Adjusted R2 0.457 0.452 0.434 0.494 0.469 0.487 0.447 0.449
Residual Std. Error 0.984 (df = 92) 0.986 (df = 92) 0.990 (df = 88) 0.963 (df = 85) 0.994 (df = 70) 0.951 (df = 91) 0.982 (df = 88) 0.997 (df = 89)
F Statistic 17.343*** (df = 5; 92) 16.994*** (df = 5; 92) 15.251*** (df = 5; 88) 18.570*** (df = 5; 85) 14.224*** (df = 5; 70) 19.254*** (df = 5; 91) 16.018*** (df = 5; 88) 16.332*** (df = 5; 89)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01