Sufficiency of magnesium for increased cell growth only when glucose is present (Fig. S1), magnesium as the only divalent cation that supports increased growth in TB7 supplemented with various carbon sources (Fig. S2), E. coli grown in other carbon sources or peptide-based media also benefitting from magnesium supplementation (Fig. S3), magnesium-associated increases in cell growth in multiple strains of E. coli and species of bacteria (Fig. S4), diversion of carbon into biomass by magnesium (Fig. S5), and replicates corresponding to Fig. 6B (Fig. S6).
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