AnimaliaHymenopteraBraconidaeScaramozzinoPier LuigiLoniAugustoLucchiAndreaA review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) in Italy. 1. Diptera Tachinidae and Hymenoptera Braconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)Zookeys231201720176476710010.3897/zookeys.647.11098 Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835Fig. 3 Ascogaster quadridentata Luciano et al. 1988, Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Coscollá 1997, Marchesini et al. 2006, Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006. Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.

Sardinia: Luciano et al. 1988

Tuscany: Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006

Veneto: Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1992, 1994, 1998, Marchesini et al. 2006

Distribution.

The species is present in Europe and North Africa; in Asia it is recorded up to Japan (for more details see: Yu 1997-2012 and Cabi 2016a). Ascogaster quadridentata was introduced in North America and New Zealand for the biological control of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae).

Host range.

This koinobiont egg-larval endophagous parasitoid feeds on various species of economically important moths, especially belonging to the family Tortricidae. Yu et al. (2012) provide a list of sixty-seven host species. In the vineyards it has been also associated to Paralobesia viteana and Eupoecilia ambiguella.

Ecological role.

As already highlighted by Bagnoli and Lucchi (2006), in Tuscany this parasitoid is usually present at low density in all the three generations of Lobesia botrana. In Veneto it has never been obtained by larvae of the first generation, but reached a maximum rate of parasitism of 4.4% in the second generation and 2.7% in the third generation. In Sardinia it was obtained only from first generation larvae of EGVM living on Daphne gnidium, with a parasitism rate of 3.7%.

Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael 1835. A habitus male, lateral view B head male, anterior view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D wings, male E metasoma male, dorsal view F metasoma female lateral view.

 LucianoPDelrioGProtaR (1988) Osservazioni sulle popolazioni di Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff.) su Daphne gnidium L. in Sardegna. Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, L’Aquila 1988: 543–548. MarchesiniEDalla MontàL (1992) Observations sur les facteurs limitants naturels des vers de la grappe. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 15(2): 10. MarchesiniEDalla MontàL (1994) Observations on natural enemies of Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) in Venetian vineyards. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II 26(2): 201–230. MarchesiniEDalla MontàL (1998) I nemici naturali della tignoletta dell’uva nei vigneti del Veneto. Informatore Fitopatologico 48(9): 3–10. CoscolláR (1997) La polilla del racimo de la vid (Lobesia botrana Den. y Schiff.). Generalitat Valenciana, Consejerfa de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Valencia, Spain, 613 pp. MarchesiniEDalla MontàLSancassaniGP (2006) I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell’agroecosistema Vigneto. Atti del convegno su “La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta”, Bologna, 10–16. BagnoliBLucchiA (2006) Parasitoids of Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff.) in Tuscany. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 29(11): 139–142. CABI (2016a) Invasive Species Compendium. Datasheet report for Lobesia botrana (grape berry moth). http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/42794 YuDSKAchterbergC vanHorstmannK (2012) Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive, Ottawa. www.taxapad.com