This PDF file includes:

• fig. S1. PCA decomposition and reconstruction of PPI.
  
• fig. S2. Cryosphere forcing specifications used in the CESM numerical experiments.
  
• fig. S3. Sensitivity response of the first coupled PPI and Z850 modes to cryospheric forcing.
  
• fig. S4. Comparison of surface air temperature in December between reanalysis data and numerical experiments.
  
• fig. S5. Time series of monthly WSI, ATGI, and PPI over the ECP region for January.
  
• table S1. A list of acronyms used in this study.
  
• table S2. Correlations among ventilation indices, PM observations, and cryospheric forcing factors.
  
• table S3. Climate and synoptic weather indices in the PCA.
  
• table S4. Correlation statistics among PCs and climate indices.
  
• table S5. PCR coefficients of the detrended PPI onto PC.
  
• table S6. The CMIP5 ensemble simulations used in this study.
  
• Reference (44)

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