TABLE S1.
        Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Articles Included in Meta-Analysis
,,ASD,TDC,,,No. of Foci
,Social (S) versus Nonsocial (N-S) Task,n,Age Mean (SD)a,IQ Mean (SD)b,n,Age Mean (SD),IQ Mean (SD),Task,Primary Contrasts,ASD>TDC,TDC>ASD
Child Studies
 Belmonte et al. 20101,N-S,8,13.47 (1.72),117 (20)c 107 (18)d,9,13.91 (1.09),125 (9)c 117 (9)d,Visual attention,Congruent vs. incongruent events,11,0
 Bookheimer et al. 20082,S,12,11.3 (4.0),11.7 (4.7)e 9.8 (2.5)f,12,11.9 (2.4),16.7 (5.6)e 13.6 (2.7)f,Facial processing,Inverted vs. upright faces,1,0
 Corbett et al. 20093,S,12,9.01 (1.60),90.71 (13.82),15,9.17 (1.44),115.73 (15.76),Facial processing,Emotion vs. control (ASD),6,3
,,,,,,,,,Person vs. control matching task (TDC),,
 Dapretto et al. 20064,S,10,12.05 (2.50),96.4 (18.3),10,12.38 (2.22),106.7 (15.9),Facial processing,Imitation of emotional expressions vs. baseline,0,13
 Gomot et al. 20065,N-S,12,13.5 (1.6),116 (18),12,13.8 (1.0),120 (7),Auditory change detection,Deviant vs. standard,0,9
,,,,,,,,,Novel vs. standard,,
 Gomot et al. 20086,N-S,12,13.5 (1.6),116 (18),12,13.8 (1.0),121 (8),Auditory change detection,Novel vs. standard,10,1
 Greene et al. 20117,S,22,12.95 (2.46),103.25 (13.93),21,13.19 (2.44),110.48 (14.10),Attention/social orienting,Directional gaze vs. directional arrow,0,16
,,,,,,,,,(Gaze<comma> arrow) x (directional<comma> neutral) interaction,,
 Greimel et al. 20108,S,15,14.9 (1.6),109.9 (17.3),15,15.0 (1.4),112.7 (11.3),Empathy,Others vs. high-level baseline,0,6
,,,,,,,,,Others low vs. high-level baseline,,
,,,,,,,,,Self vs. high-level baseline,,
,,,,,,,,,Self low vs. high-level baseline,,
 Groen et al. 20109,N-S,16,15.3 (1.6),100.4 (20.6),26,15.7 (1.7),105.3 (8.7),Language-related learning,World-knowledge anomaly vs. no anomaly (ASD and TDC),2,3
,,,,,,,,,Normal sentence vs. speech-like noises (ASD),,
,,,,,,,,,Speaker incongruent vs. speaker congruent (TDC),,
 Kaiser et al. 201010,S,25,11.8 (3.6),100.2 (19.7)g,17,10.9 (3.1),114.1 (16.3) g,Biological motion,Biological vs. scrambled motion,0,10
 Keehn et al. 200811,N-S,9,15.1 (2.6),109 (15)c 110 (20)d,13,14.11 (2.11),116 (10)c 112 (11)d,Visual processing,Baseline trials vs. fixation,21,0
,,,,,,,,,Homogeneous and heterogeneous vs. baseline,,
,,,,,,,,,Homogeneous vs. baseline trials,,
 Knaus et al. 200812,S,12,14.94 (2.71),105.42 (19.35),12,15.46 (2.48),122.25 (11.10),Language,Response naming vs. visual task,11,0
 Scott-Van Zeeland et al. 201013,N-S,18,12.62 (2.5),102.17 (19.82),18,11.64 (1.58),104.00 (12.36),Language-related learning,Random syllables condition vs. unstressed language condition (ASD and TDC),5,15
,,,,,,,,,Stressed language condition vs. resting baseline (ASD),,
,,,,,,,,,Increases in unstressed language condition + stressed language condition vs. random syllables condition (TDC),,
,,,,,,,,,Unstressed language condition vs. stressed language condition (TDC),,
,,,,,,,,,Random syllables condition vs. resting baseline (TDC),,
,,,,,,,,,Unstressed language condition vs. resting baseline (TDC),,
 Scott-Van Zeeland et al. 201014,N-S,16,12.4 (2.14),112.3 (13.6),16,12.3 (1.76),119.0 (8.4),Reward processing,Monetary: positive reward vs. negative reward feedback (ASD),4,7
,,,,,,,,,Social: positive deterministic rewards vs. rest (TDC),,
 Vaidya et al. 201115,S,11,10.70 (1.49),113.3 (17.8),14,11.1 (1.36),116.69 (13.02),Attention/Gaze processing,Gaze vs. arrow,6,7
 Wang et al. 200616,S,18,11.9 (2.8),102 (18),18,11.9 (2.3),106 (14),Voice processing,Event knowledge only vs. rest (ASD and TDC),19,1
,,,,,,,,,All conditions vs. rest (ASD),,
,,,,,,,,,Event knowledge + prosodic cues vs. rest (ASD),,
,,,,,,,,,Prosodic cues only vs. rest (ASD),,
 Wang et al. 200717,S,18,12.4 (2.9),98 (17),18,11.8 (1.9),108 (17),Facial and voice processing,Voice: All irony vs. no irony (ASD and TDC),4,20
,,,,,,,,,Attend face or prosody vs. neutral instructions (ASD),,
,,,,,,,,,Attend face or prosody vs. rest (TDC),,
,,,,,,,,,Voice: Neutral instructions vs. rest (TDC),,
 Williams et al. 200618,S,16,>15.4 (2.24),100.4 (21.7),15,15.5 (1.60),99.7 (18.3),Imitation,Imitation vs. rest (ASD and TDC),16,13
,,,,,,,,,Imitation vs. execution (ASD and TDC),,
,,,,,,,,,Imitation vs. observation (TDC),,
Adult Studies,,,,,,,,,,,
 Agam et al. 201019,N-S,11,28 (10),117 (8)c,14,27 (8),114 (9)c,Response inhibition,Inhibition-related activation vs. fixation (ASD and TDC),3,8
 Ashwin et al. 200720,S,13,31.2 (9.1),108.6 (17.1),13,25.6 (5.1),117.9 (9.6),Facial processing,All faces (high fear<comma> low fear<comma> no fear) vs. scrambled contrast (ASD and TDC),6,3
 Baron-Cohen et al. 199921,S,6,26.3 (2.1),108.5 (10.5),12,25.5 (2.8),110 (8.5),Theory of mind,Emotion vs. gender,2,3
 Belmonte et al. 200322,N-S,6,32.7 (9.8),NR,6,27.2 (4.4),NR,Attention,Task vs. fixation,0,9
 Critchley et al. 200023,S,9,37.0 (7.0),102 (15),9,27.0 (7.0),116 (10),Facial processing,Implicit vs. explicit face processing (ASD and TDC),9,1
,,,,,,,,,Explicit vs. implicit task (ASD),,
 Deeley et al. 200724,S,9,34 (10),114 (12),9,27 (5),120 (18),Facial processing,Disgust vs. neutral face,0,18
,,,,,,,,,Fear vs. neutral face,,
,,,,,,,,,Happy vs. neutral face,,
,,,,,,,,,Sad vs. neutral face,,
 Gervais et al. 200425,S,5,25.8 (5.9),NR,8,27.1 (2.9),NR,Voice processing,Voice vs. non-voice Voice vs. silence,0,10
 Gilbert et al. 200826,S,15,38.0 (13.0),119 (14),18,32.0 (8.0),119 (11),Executive functioning,Stimulus oriented vs. stimulus independent (ASD and TDC),17,2
 Gilbert et al. 200927,S,16,32.0 (7.7),117 (13.7)c 115 (14.3)d,16,31.0 (5.7),119 (10.4)c 117 (13.7)d,Information processing/Self vs others,Mentalizing vs. non-mentalizing,2,0
 Hadjikhani et al. 200928,S,9,30 (11),126 (10),7,35 (12),NR,Affect processing (body orientation),Fear vs. neutral,0,18
 Hall et al. 201029,S,12,31.8 (19-52),96.0 (20.5)d,12,32.0[19-57],106.6 (11.54)d,Facial processing,Anxious face vs. neutral face (ASD and TDC),2,2
 Hesling et al. 201030,S,8,23.38 (2.10),89 (7.89)c,8,23.05 (2.02),128.33 (4.58)c,Language,Activated prosodic speech vs. rest (ASD),1,3
,,,,,,,,,Deactivated prosodic speech vs. rest (TDC),,
 Kana et al. 200731,N-S,12,26.8 (7.7),110.1 (12.6),12,22.5 (3.2),117.0 (8.7),Response inhibition,1-back inhibition task vs. baseline condition (ASD and TDC),2,16
,,,,,,,,,Simple response inhibition vs. baseline condition (TDC),,
 Lombardo et al. 201032,S,29,26.6 (7.0),114.14 (16.43),33,28.0 (6.1),116.27 (11.63),Theory of mind,[self-mentalizing>self-physical] vs. [other-mentalizing>other-physical],0,5
,,,,,,,,,self vs. others,,
 Martineau et al. 201033,S,7,23.0 (4.5),93.3 (10.3),8,23.3 (4.2),NR,Imitation,Observation vs. rest,2,0
 Monk et al. 201034,S,12,26.0 (5.9),117 (14)c,12,27.0 (6.1),110 (18)c,Facial processing,Happy-neutral vs. neutral-neutral pairs,2,0
,,,,119 (14)d,,,118 (13)d,,Sad-neutral vs. neutral-neutral pairs,,
 Ring et al. 199935,N-S,6,26.3 (2.1),108.5 (10.5),12,25.5 (2.8),110 (8.5),Visual processing,Embedded Figures Task form A vs. baseline (ASD and TDC),3,9
 Schmitz et al. 200636,N-S,10,38 (9),105 (14),12,39 (6),106 (13),Executive functioning,GO/NO-GO task vs. oddball events,5,0
,,,,,,,,,`Stroop task:incongruent events vs. congruent events,,
,,,,,,,,,Switch task: switch trials vs. repeat trials,,
 Schmitz et al. 200837,N-S,10,37.8 (7),107 (9),10,38.2 (6),106 (13),Reward processing,Successful rewarded vs. successful non-rewarded stimuli,2,0
 Schulte-Ruther et al. 201138,S,14,27.40 (9.34),106.6 (10.5),14,25.05 (6.69),112.1 (10.4),Empathy,Other-task vs. control-task,5,3
,,,,,,,,,Self-task vs. control-task,,
 Silani et al. 200839,S,15,36.6 (11.7),117.6 (13.5),15,33.7 (10.3),119.6 (11.4),Affect processing (pictures),Internally vs. externally oriented task (ASD and TDC),10,15
,,,,,,,,,Emotional vs. neutral stimuli (ASD and TDC),,
,,,,,,,,,Internal (unpleasant-neutral)>external (unpleasant-neutral) (TDC),,
 Spengler et al. 201040,S,18,35.6 (12.4),109.5 (19.2),18,33.0 (10.7),110.0 (14.0),Imitation,Mentalizing condition vs. control condition,0,3
 Tesink et al. 201141,N-S,24,26.3 (6.3),114.3 (14.1),24,26.2 (6.0),119.9 (11.7),Language,World knowledge anomaly vs. correct sentences,0,2
 Thakkar et al. 200842,N-S,12,30 (11),116 (8),14,27 (8),114 (9),Response monitoring,Correct vs. fixation (ASD),4,2
,,,,,,,,,Error vs. fixation (ASD),,
,,,,,,,,,Error vs. correct (TDC),,