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Fig. 7. Nonsuppressed responding after cumulative doses of L-838,417 (functionally selective a _2,3,5GABA_A agonist), diazepam (nonselective benzodiazepine), and zolpidem (a ₁GABA_A-preferring agonist) in rhesus monkeys (n = 4). Responding was maintained under a 18-response fixed-ratio schedule of food pellet delivery (see Methods). Points above V represent responding after injection with vehicle (50% propylene glycol, 50% saline). Zolpidem and diazepam, but not L-838,417, decreased responding compared with vehicle control (*, P < 0.05, Dunnett’s test).

Fig. 8. Self-administration of midazolam and diazepam by rhesus monkeys trained under a progressive-ratio schedule of i.v. drug delivery. Results are the dose-response functions for the number of injections per session maintained by both benzodiazepine agonists. Data are mean ± SEM for n = 5 monkeys. The solid horizontal line represents the maximum average number of injections per session maintained by zolpidem, whereas the dashed horizontal line represents the maximum average number of injections per session maintained by L-838,417. *, P < 0.05 compared to saline availability, Dunnett’s tests.