This PDF file includes:

• Photoelectron spectra of the NaNO₃ solution
  
• Calculated CO₃²⁻ IPs for different simulation trajectories
  
• IPs of solvated ions
  
• Finite-size effects
  
• fig. S1. Photoelectron spectra of a 1.0 M NaNO₃ solution measured by the liquid-jet technique.
  
• fig. S2. Radial distribution functions of water molecules computed for CO₃²⁻ solutions generated using PBE at 380 K (black) and 400 K (red) and using PBE0 at 380 K (blue).
  
• fig. S3. Radial distribution functions of carbon-water oxygen and carbon-water hydrogen computed for CO₃²⁻ solutions generated using PBE at 380 K (black) and 400 K (red) and using PBE0 at 380 K (blue).
  
• fig. S4. DOS computed with DFT and the PBE functional for CO₃²⁻ solutions generated with PBE at 400 K (red), PBE at 380 K (blue), and PBE0 at 380 K (green).
  
• table S1. IPs (eV) of selected solvated ions computed using DFT with RSH and sc-hybrid density functionals, compared with PE liquid-jet measurements.

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