Identified clones in the Nitrotoga-enriched culture at 16°C (Table S1); flow chart of the detailed procedure to enrich Nitrotoga-like bacteria in the first enrichment step (Fig. S1); denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of bacterial communities in the first enrichment culture incubated at 10°C for 17 days after the serial dilution step (Fig. S2); comparison of nitrite oxidation by untreated and centrifuged AM1 cells incubated for 2 days at 16°C (Fig. S3); Nitrotoga aggregates were completely disrupted to single planktonic cells without much cell loss by appropriate sonication (Fig. S4).
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