Table 3. Cultures used as feeding controls (for physical attack and predation on fish = nontoxic cryptoperidiniopsoid "Pfiesteria-like" species, or noninducible Pfiesteria), indicating the isolate and its origin, and the initial and maximal densities in the SFBs with juvenile tilapia
|
Clone |
Maximum density, |
Fish death |
|
cells x 103 per ml |
in SFBs |
|
|
Cryptoperidiniopsoid |
||
|
CAAE543A-AC1 (Chesapeake Bay, MD, 1999) |
2.7 |
No |
|
NON-IND Pfiesteria |
||
|
CAAE2200 (Newport River, NC, 1996, tested in 2003) |
14.0 |
No |
|
CAAE1036C (Neuse Estuary, NC, 2000) |
20.0 |
No |
|
CCMP1832 (Chicamacomico River, MD, 1998) |
9.0 |
No |
These strains all were observed to attack and feed upon live larval fish in FMAs, unlike some NON-IND Pfiesteria strains that have shown minimal attraction to fish or their excreta (1, 2). As previously reported in tests with other feeding control cultures (1), there was no fish death in any of these SFBs with feeding controls, even at high cell densities (up to 4 ´ 104 flagellated cells per ml).
1. Burkholder, J. M., Glasgow, H. B. & Deamer-Melia, N. J. (2001) Phycologia 40, 186-204.
2. Cancellieri, P. J., Burkholder, J. M., Deamer-Melia, N. J. & Glasgow, H. B. (2001) J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 264, 29-45.