PlantaeAsparagalesOrchidaceaeRaskotiBhakta BahadurSchuitemanAndréJinWei-TaoJinXiao-HuaA taxonomic revision of Herminium L. (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae)PhytoKeys194201720177917410.3897/phytokeys.79.11215 Herminium macrophyllum (D. Don) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 328. 1932.Figs 6G, P, 7G, 8P, 9F, G, 11B Herminium congestumLindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t.1499.1832. Type: NEPAL. Gossain Than, 1821, Wallich N., 7068 (Holotype: K-LINDL! [K000079039]; Isotypes K-WALLICH! [K001126683], K!, E! E00188162], BM! [BM000034357], E! [E00188162]). Spiranthes macrophylla(D. Don) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 708.1826. Peristylus macrophyllus(D. Don) Lawkush, Vik. Kumar & Bankoti, Indian J. Forest. 36(3): 388. 2013. Peristylus duthiei var. inayatiiDeva & H.B. Naithani, Orchid Fl. N.W. Himalaya 185.1986, syn. nov. Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh District, Kumaon, Ralam Valley; 19.8.1900; Inayat 24103 (Holotype: DD).Basionym.

Neottia macrophylla D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 27. 1825

Type.

NEPAL. 1819, Wallich N. s.n. (Holotype: BM! [BM000034355]).

Description.

Plant 8–25 cm tall. Tubers ovoid, 6–15 × 5–10 mm. Stem with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths and 2–3 leaves at base. Leaves oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, 3–10 × 0.6–2 cm, apex subacute to obtuse. Inflorescence 6–15 cm; peduncle cylindrical, without or rarely with 1 foliaceous peduncle-scale; rachis 2–9 cm, subdensely flowered; floral bracts ovate-triangular, 1–3 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acute. Flowers white or green, or green with white tips; pedicel and ovary twisted, hooked at apex, 3–6 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate, 0.5–2 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals oblong, 1.5– 2 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute. Petals obliquely ovate-triangular, fleshy, 1.5–2 × 0.7–1.2 mm, apex acute. Lip ovate-lanceolate, 1.6–3 × 0.6–1 mm, with spur like globose saccate base, dilated, disk at base concave, with a single raised crest, indistinctly 3-lobed at base; lateral lobes obscure, margin crenulate, mid-lobe ovate-triangular, 0.5 × 0.5 mm, apex acute. Column ca. 1 mm; pollinia subglobose; caudicles short, viscidia involute, hornlike, rostellum triangular, stigma transversely oblong, situated below the rostellum.

Flowering time.

June–August.

Habitat.

Terrestrial in Quercus-Abies forests and on alpine grassy slopes and meadows at elevations of 2400–4620 m.

Distribution.

Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan.

Notes.

This species has often been confused with H. duthiei, which we consider to be a synonym of H. josephi. Most specimens identified as H. duthiei in the past are referrable to H. macrophyllum.

Specimens examined.

BHUTAN: Pele-la and Ri-Tang, 2500–3350 m, 30.06.1938, Gould R. J., 735 (K); Sela-la, 3962 m, 30.06.1971, Ramesh Bedi, 349 (K); Gasa, Robluthang, 4620 m, 25.07.2000, Miehe G. and Miehe S., 00-239-10 (K); Bumthang, between Gorsuem and Tsochen Chen, 3660 m, 22.06.2000, Miehe G. and S., 00-119-02 (K); Paro, Chomolhari Chu, 4060 m, 05.07.2000, Miehe G. and Miehe S., 00-161-09 (K).

CHINA: Tibet, Gyirong county, 3800 m, 16.07.1975, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 6388 (PE); Gyirong county, 3400 m, 22.06.1972, Tibetan Herb Survey Team, 494 (PE); Champilang, 3650 m, 01.08.1936, Spencer Chapman F., 818 (K).

INDIA. Sikkim, Lachen, 07-08.1849, 3350–3650 m, Hooker J. D., 265 (K, K-LINDL); sine loc., 3950–4250 m, Hooker J.D., 266 (K); Nathula Range, 4300 m, 28.06.1985, Lachuypa S. T., 31 (K); Singalila, 3050 m, 08.1896, Lachen Valley, 3650 m, 08.1895 & 97, Lachong Valley, 2750 m, 07.1897, Pantling R., 384 (K); Chemathang, 4250, 25.06.1983, Starling et al., A.G.S.E.S. 138 (K); Uttarakhand, Garhwal, Kidar Kantha, 4570 m, 11.06.1904, Drummond J.R., 22792 (K).

NEPAL: Dhaulagiri, Mustang District, Thorong Phedi 4500 m, 20.08.1999, Mikage M., Yoshimitsu M., Kaneda A., Mouri C., Tatsukawa S., Asada Y., Senoo M.,9962979 (KATH); Karnali, Mugu District, Chankheli lekh, 3250 m, 13.08.1985, Shakya P. R., Subedi N. N. and Uprety R., 8600 (KATH); Gandaki Zone Kaski District, Birethanti-Ghorepani, 3100 m, 12.07.1983, Rajbhandari K. R.,7667 (KATH); Langtang, Palpa, 3550 m, 07.09.1986, Miehe G. and S., 11011 and 11034 (K); Serpagaon–Langtang, 2750 m, 13.07.1967, Malla, s.n. (K); Taplejung, Ghunsa, 3400 m, 26.09.1985, Damant, 96 (K); Ringmo–Taksindhu, 3000 m, Banerjee and Shakya P.R., 5567 (K); Kunde, Khumbu, 3950 m, 27.07.1966, Schilling A.D., 948 (K); east of Jumbesi, above Ringmo, Sola, 2800 m, 22.07.1966, Schilling, A.D., 1032 (K); Yalung, 4100 m, 22.06.1969, Shrestha T.B., 15837 (K); Kalingchok, 12.09.1970, Kanai, Chuma and Nagano, 674065 (K); environs of Ghunsa, 3520 m, 08.09.1989, Crawford S. et al., KEKE 431 (K); Tharepati, east of Kathmandu, 3200 m, 27.06.1973, Grey-Wilson and Phillips, 179 (K); Lisue, .3200 m, Itoh and Rajbhandari, 1118 (K).

Dorsal sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. handelii L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. mannii R H. biporosum.

Lateral sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. gracile L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. lanceum R H. biporosum.

Petal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. josephi H H. coiloglossum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. himalayanum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. ophioglossoides O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. ecalcaratum R H. biporosum

Lip of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. macrophyllum G H. macrophyllum H H. alaschanicum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. longilobatum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. lanceum O H. quinquelobum P H. kamengense Q H. coiloglossum R H. biporosum.

Pollinia structure in Herminium. A H. josephi B H. macrophyllum C H. pygmaeum D H. handelii E H. lanceum F H. fallax G H. forceps H H. latilabre I H. coeloceras.