Posted as supplied by author.
The Role of Multivitamins and Mineral Supplements in Preventing Infections in The Healthy Elderly: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Randomised Control Trials
Alia El Kadiki, Alexander J Sutton
Appendix 1
Search strategy
Initial search from 1966 to February 2002:
Source | Host | Date searched | No. of references retrieved |
Electronic bibliographic databases | |||
AMED 1985- | Ovid BIOMED | 11/02/02 | 7 |
Biological Abstracts 1985- | SilverPlatter WebSPIRS | 13/02/02 | 10 RCTs 2 Epidemiol. |
British Nursing Index 1985- | SilverPlatter WebSPIRS | 13/02/02 | 0 |
Cinahl 1982- | Ovid BIOMED | 11/02/02 | 40 |
Citation Indexes (Science and Social Science) 1981- | Web of Science | 11/02/02 | 39 |
Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) | The Cochrane Library CD ROM version 2001 Issue 4 | 11/02/02 | 216 RCTs |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) | The Cochrane Library CD ROM version 2001 Issue 4 | 11/02/02 | 12 (including 1 protocol) |
Database of Abstract of Reviews of (DARE) | The Cochrane Library CD ROM version 2001 Issue 4 | 11/02/02 | 1 |
EBM Reviews | Ovid BIOMED | 11/02/02 | 2 |
Embase 1988- | SilverPlatter WebSPIRS | 14/02/02 | 170 RCTs 163 Epidemiol. |
International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements (IBIDS) | Ovid BIOMED | 11/02/02 | 76 |
Medline 1966- | Ovid BIOMED | 08/02/02 | 10 Reviews 153 RCTs 111 Epidemiol. |
NHS CRD Databases: DARE, NHS EED, HTA | NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) Web site | 11/02/02 | 0 additional |
PreMedline | Ovid BIOMED | 11/02/02 | 4 |
Other sources | |||
Bandolier | 11/02/02 | 0 | |
DEC Reports | 13/02/02 | 0 | |
E Guildeline | 11/02/02 | 0 | |
Health Evidence Bulletin, Wales | 11/02/02 | 0 | |
National Guildelines Clearinghouse | 11/02/02 | 0 | |
OMNI | 13/02/02 | 0 relevant | |
ScHARR Library catalogue | ScHARR Library | 11/02/02 | 0 |
SIGN | 13/0202 | 0 | |
TRIP Database | 13/02/02 | 0 additional | |
TWGAP Reports | 13/02/02 | 0 | |
TOTAL NO. OF REFERENCES RETRIEVED (including duplicates) | 1,016 |
Search Strategy Used in Midline (Ovid) < 1966 to present>
Search Strategy using database: CINAHL
Search strategy for database AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine)
< 1985 to December 2001>
Search strategy by PREMEDLINE
search strategy database: EMB reviews ACP Journal club
<1991 to September/October 2001>
Search Strategy Used in Midline (Ovid)
UPDATED SEARCH FROM 2002 2004:
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1996 to January Week 2 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 exp vitamins/ (40543)
2 vitamin$.tw. (25176)
3 micronutrients/ (681)
4 or/1-3 (50247)
5 exp trace elements/ (40004)
6 trace elements$.tw. (1424)
7 exp antioxidants/ (34459)
8 antioxidant$.tw. (22433)
9 retinal.tw. (21468)
10 exp ascorbic acid/ (5990)
11 ascorbic acid.tw. (3842)
12 tocopherol$.tw. (4412)
13 menadione.tw. (590)
14 menaquinone.tw. (268)
15 cobalt.tw. (2625)
16 copper.tw. (10225)
17 fluoride.tw. (4463)
18 fluorine.tw. (1431)
19 iodine.tw. (5552)
20 iron.tw. (21847)
21 manganese.tw. (3711)
22 zinc.tw. (15493)
23 selenium.tw. (3639)
24 molybdenum.tw. (871)
25 chromium.tw. (2386)
26 silicon.tw. (2093)
27 exp minerals/ (16164)
28 mineral$.tw. (20812)
29 or/5-28 (164457)
30 eating/ (8765)
31 dietary supplements/ (6272)
32 food.tw. (43309)
33 food/ (3332)
34 or/30-33 (54643)
35 29 and 34 (7003)
36 4 or 35 (54361)
37 exp infection/ (101720)
38 infection$.tw. (190220)
39 exp immunity/ (154703)
40 "allergy and immunology"/ (846)
41 im.fs. (245909)
42 (immune or immunity or immunolog$).ti. (26574)
43 or/37-42 (503007)
44 36 and 43 (4223)
45 exp aged/ (455353)
46 elderly.tw. (35799)
47 old$ people$.tw. (3522)
48 old$ person$.tw. (1957)
49 or/45-48 (461164)
50 44 and 49 (415)
51 guideline.pt. (6970)
52 practice guideline.pt. (5375)
53 exp guidelines/ (30620)
54 health planning guidelines/ (547)
55 or/51-54 (37878)
56 meta-analysis/ (3146)
57 exp review literature/ (1428)
58 (meta-analy$ or meta analy$ or metaanaly$).tw. (7759)
59 meta analysis.pt. (6233)
60 review academic.pt. (40374)
61 review literature.pt. (22243)
62 letter.pt. (188571)
63 review of reported cases.pt. (23107)
64 historical article.pt. (45150)
65 review multicase.pt. (3043)
66 or/56-61 (74223)
67 or/62-65 (257025)
68 66 not 67 (72813)
69 55 or 68 (109361)
70 50 and 69 (5)
71 limit 70 to english language (5)
72 randomized controlled trial.pt. (86088)
73 controlled clinical trial.pt. (19356)
74 randomized controlled trials/ (22039)
75 random allocation/ (14486)
76 double blind method/ (30793)
77 single blind method/ (5098)
78 clinical trial.pt. (167258)
79 (random$ adj5 trial$).tw. (39368)
80 or/72-79 (214191)
81 50 and 80 (102)
82 limit 81 to (human and english language) (100)
83 exp epidemiologic studies/ (364174)
84 (case$ adj3 control$).tw. (22537)
85 epidemiolog$.ti. (15518)
86 or/83-85 (382375)
87 50 and 86 (81)
88 limit 87 to (human and english language) (68)
89 from 71 keep 1-5 (5)
90 71 or 82 or 88 (155)
91 limit 90 to yr=2002-2004 (39)
92 from 91 keep 1-39 (39)
Database: Amed ( to January week 2 2004)
1 | vitamin$ | 1511 |
2 | micronutrient$ | 55 |
3 | micronutrients.DE. | 8 |
4 | 1 OR 2 OR 3 | 1533 |
5 | trace ADJ element$ | 166 |
6 | antioxidant$ | 813 |
7 | retinal | 76 |
8 | ascorbic ADJ acid$ | 273 |
9 | tocopherol$ | 63 |
10 | menadione | 4 |
11 | menaquinone | 0 |
12 | cobalt | 22 |
13 | copper | 105 |
14 | fluoride | 40 |
15 | fluorine$ | 8 |
16 | iodine | 45 |
17 | iron | 134 |
18 | selenium | 140 |
19 | molybdenum | 7 |
20 | chromium | 52 |
21 | silicon$ | 110 |
22 | mineral$ | 1095 |
23 | 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 13 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19 OR 20 OR 21 OR 22 | 2703 |
24 | eating | 432 |
25 | food$ | 1619 |
26 | diet$ | 3793 |
27 | 24 OR 25 OR 26 | 5122 |
28 | 23 AND 27 | 663 |
29 | 4 OR 28 | 1876 |
30 | aged.DE. | 5444 |
31 | elderly | 3123 |
32 | old$ ADJ person$ | 332 |
33 | old$ ADJ people$ | 626 |
34 | 30 OR 31 OR 32 OR 33 | 6654 |
35 | 29 AND 34 | 95 |
36 | infections.DE. | 1662 |
37 | infection$ | 2641 |
38 | immunity.DE. | 355 |
39 | (immune ADJ system).DE. | 726 |
40 | immunity OR immune OR immunology | 1542 |
41 | 36 OR 37 OR 38 OR 39 OR 40 | 3989 |
42 | 41 AND 35 | 12 |
43 | 42 AND 2002 onwards | 8 |
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations <February 3, 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 (vitamin$ or mineral$ or trace element$ or micronutrient$).mp. [mp=title, abstract] (3893)
2 (immunity or immune or immunology or infection$).mp. [mp=title, abstract] (14884)
3 (elderly or old people$ or old person$).mp. [mp=title, abstract] (2298)
4 1 and 2 and 3 (6)
5 from 4 keep 1-6 (6)
"((Aged#.W..DE. OR Aged-80-And-Over#.DE. OR Aged-80-And-Over#.DE.) OR (elderly.TI,AB,DE.) OR (( old ADJ person$ OR old ADJ people$ ) .TI,AB,DE.)) AND (((infection$.TI,AB,DE.) OR (Infection#.W..DE.) OR (Allergy-and-Immunology#.DE.) OR (im.FS.) OR (( immune OR immunity OR immunolog$ ) .TI,AB,DE.) OR (Immunity#.W..DE.)) AND (((vitamin$.TI,AB.) OR (micronutrients#.DE.) OR (vitamins#.DE.)) OR (((( trace ADJ element$ ) .TI,AB.) OR (TRACE-ELEMENTS#.DE.) OR (antioxidant$.TI,AB.) OR (ANTIOXIDANTS#.W..DE.) OR (retinal.TI,AB.) OR (( ascorbic ADJ acid$ ) .TI,AB.) OR (ASCORBIC-ACID#.DE.) OR (tocopherol$.TI,AB.) OR (menadione.TI,AB.) OR (menaquinone.TI,AB.) OR (cobalt.TI,AB,DE.) OR (copper.TI,AB,DE.) OR (fluoride.TI,AB,DE.) OR (fluorine.TI,AB,DE.) OR (iodine.TI,AB,DE.) OR (iron.TI,AB,DE.) OR (manganese.TI,AB,DE.) OR (zinc.TI,AB,DE.) OR (selenium.TI,AB,DE.) OR (molybdenum.TI,AB,DE.) OR (chromium.TI,AB,DE.) OR (silicon.TI,AB,DE.) OR (mineral$.TI,AB,DE.) OR (MINERALS#.W..DE.)) AND ((Eating#.W..DE.) OR (Dietary-Supplementation#.DE.) OR (food.TI,AB,DE.)))))":
document 1 of 37
CINAHL (R) - 2002 to date (NAHL)
Searches carried out, removing language restriction filters (done in order to respond to reviewers comments on the initial submission on the paper)
Search for: 70 or 81 or 87
Results: 1-366
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1966 to November Week 3 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 exp vitamins/ (163976)
2 vitamin$.tw. (78903)
3 micronutrients/ (903)
4 or/1-3 (188890)
5 exp trace elements/ (170641)
6 trace elements$.tw. (4680)
7 exp antioxidants/ (94753)
8 antioxidant$.tw. (39189)
9 retinal.tw. (63822)
10 exp ascorbic acid/ (22886)
11 ascorbic acid.tw. (13027)
12 tocopherol$.tw. (10032)
13 menadione.tw. (1661)
14 menaquinone.tw. (661)
15 cobalt.tw. (10368)
16 copper.tw. (31360)
17 fluoride.tw. (19575)
18 fluorine.tw. (4190)
19 iodine.tw. (19460)
20 iron.tw. (65516)
21 manganese.tw. (10270)
22 zinc.tw. (44232)
23 selenium.tw. (10938)
24 molybdenum.tw. (2890)
25 chromium.tw. (7824)
26 silicon.tw. (4807)
27 exp minerals/ (61252)
28 mineral$.tw. (51357)
29 or/5-28 (514045)
30 eating/ (27056)
31 dietary supplements/ (7987)
32 food.tw. (109406)
33 food/ (13984)
34 or/30-33 (139738)
35 29 and 34 (14363)
36 4 or 35 (197827)
37 exp infection/ (366138)
38 infection$.tw. (512197)
39 exp immunity/ (627969)
40 "allergy and immunology"/ (3256)
41 im.fs. (908276)
42 (immune or immunity or immunolog$).ti. (120598)
43 or/37-42 (1771974)
44 36 and 43 (14730)
45 exp aged/ (1419230)
46 elderly.tw. (93000)
47 old$ people$.tw. (7222)
48 old$ person$.tw. (4339)
49 or/45-48 (1432697)
50 44 and 49 (1188)
51 guideline.pt. (13097)
52 practice guideline.pt. (8831)
53 exp guidelines/ (44014)
54 health planning guidelines/ (1822)
55 or/51-54 (58415)
56 meta-analysis/ (5789)
57 exp review literature/ (2229)
58 (meta-analy$ or meta analy$ or metaanaly$).tw. (12493)
59 meta analysis.pt. (10133)
60 review academic.pt. (86844)
61 review literature.pt. (40856)
62 letter.pt. (525704)
63 review of reported cases.pt. (51552)
64 historical article.pt. (214668)
65 review multicase.pt. (8821)
66 or/56-61 (146144)
67 or/62-65 (794688)
68 66 not 67 (143795)
69 55 or 68 (200270)
70 50 and 69 (14)
71 limit 70 to english language (13)
72 randomized controlled trial.pt. (199108)
73 controlled clinical trial.pt. (68418)
74 randomized controlled trials/ (35851)
75 random allocation/ (52891)
76 double blind method/ (81478)
77 single blind method/ (8717)
78 clinical trial.pt. (401069)
79 (random$ adj5 trial$).tw. (71139)
80 or/72-79 (483337)
81 50 and 80 (228)
82 limit 81 to (human and english language) (205)
83 exp epidemiologic studies/ (790418)
84 (case$ adj3 control$).tw. (46871)
85 epidemiolog$.ti. (56255)
86 or/83-85 (855622)
87 50 and 86 (165)
88 limit 87 to (human and english language) (148)
89 from 71 keep 1-5 (5)
90 71 or 82 or 88 (326)
91 limit 90 to yr=2002-2004 (73)
92 70 or 81 or 87 (366)
93 from 92 keep 1-366 (366)
Search for: from 45 [38 or 44] keep 1-41
Results: 1-41
Database: CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature <1982 to December Week 1 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 micronutrients.mp. or exp MICRONUTRIENTS/ (436)
2 vitamins.mp. or exp VITAMINS/ (6055)
3 trace elements.mp. or exp Trace Elements/ (2145)
4 antioxidants.mp. or exp ANTIOXIDANTS/ (1554)
5 retinal.mp. (383)
6 ascorbic acid.mp. or exp Ascorbic Acid/ (880)
7 tocopherol.mp. or exp Vitamin E/ (949)
8 menadione.mp. or exp Vitamin K/ (263)
9 menaquinone.mp. (3)
10 cobalt.mp. or exp COBALT/ (51)
11 copper.mp. or exp COPPER/ (323)
12 fluoride.mp. or exp Fluorides/ (670)
13 fluorine.mp. (18)
14 iodine.mp. or exp IODINE/ (434)
15 exp IRON/ or iron.mp. (1677)
16 manganese.mp. or exp MANGANESE/ (64)
17 zinc.mp. or exp ZINC/ (887)
18 exp SELENIUM/ or selenium.mp. (305)
19 molybdenum.mp. (14)
20 exp CHROMIUM/ or chromium.mp. (171)
21 exp SILICON/ or silicon.mp. (71)
22 minerals.mp. or exp MINERALS/ (1149)
23 or/1-22 (11484)
24 exp EATING/ or eating.mp. (4364)
25 dietary supplementation.mp. or exp Dietary Supplementation/ (4849)
26 diet.mp. or exp DIET/ (15408)
27 food.mp. or exp FOOD/ (22609)
28 or/24-27 (36721)
29 23 and 28 (4744)
30 exp INFECTION/ or infection.mp. (29772)
31 (allergy and immunology).mp. [mp=title, cinahl subject headings, abstract, instrumentation] (107)
32 im.fs. (1890)
33 immunity.mp. or exp IMMUNITY/ (3632)
34 immunology.mp. or exp "Allergy and Immunology"/ (421)
35 immune.tw. (2877)
36 or/30-35 (35560)
37 29 and 36 (269)
38 limit 37 to (aged <65 to 79 years> or "aged <80 and over>") (36)
39 exp "AGED, 80 AND OVER"/ or exp AGED/ (95705)
40 elderly.mp. (16447)
41 old$ people$.mp. (3613)
42 old$ person$.mp. (1529)
43 or/39-42 (98772)
44 37 and 43 (41)
45 38 or 44 (41)
46 from 45 keep 1-41 (41)
47 from 46 keep 1-41 (41)
48 from 46 keep 1-41 (41)
Amed search -
No. | Search term | Results |
1 | vitamin$ | 1554 |
2 | micronutrient$ | 61 |
3 | micronutrients.DE. | 8 |
4 | trace ADJ element$ | 174 |
5 | antioxidant$ | 875 |
6 | retinal | 80 |
7 | ascorbic ADJ acid$ | 273 |
8 | tocopherol$ | 66 |
9 | menadione | 4 |
10 | cobalt | 25 |
11 | menaquinone | 0 |
12 | copper | 103 |
14 | fluoride | 42 |
15 | fluorine$ | 9 |
16 | iodine | 47 |
17 | iron | 136 |
18 | selenium | 150 |
19 | molybdenum | 7 |
20 | chromium | 54 |
21 | silicon$ | 118 |
22 | mineral$ | 1168 |
23 | 1 OR 2 OR 3 | 1578 |
24 | 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19 OR 20 OR 21 OR 22 | 2869 |
25 | eating | 460 |
27 | food$ | 1692 |
28 | diet$ | 3940 |
29 | 25 OR 27 OR 28 | 5330 |
31 | 24 AND 29 | 691 |
32 | 23 OR 31 | 1942 |
33 | aged.DE. | 5951 |
34 | elderly | 3321 |
35 | old$ ADJ people | 692 |
36 | old$ ADJ person$ | 353 |
37 | 33 OR 34 OR 35 OR 36 | 7234 |
38 | 32 AND 37 | 103 |
39 | infections.DE. | 1794 |
40 | infection$ | 2849 |
41 | (immune ADJ system).DE. | 737 |
42 | immunity OR immune OR immunology | 1605 |
43 | immunology.DE. | 1 |
44 | 39 OR 40 OR 41 OR 42 OR 43 | 4253 |
45 | 38 AND 44 | 14 |