Posted as supplied by author.

The Role of Multivitamins and Mineral Supplements in Preventing Infections in The Healthy Elderly: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Randomised Control Trials

Alia El Kadiki, Alexander J Sutton

 

 

Appendix 1

Search strategy

Initial search from 1966 to February 2002:

Source

Host

Date searched

No. of references retrieved

Electronic bibliographic databases

AMED 1985-

Ovid BIOMED

11/02/02

7

Biological Abstracts 1985-

SilverPlatter WebSPIRS

13/02/02

10 RCTs 2 Epidemiol.

British Nursing Index 1985-

SilverPlatter WebSPIRS

13/02/02

0

Cinahl 1982-

Ovid BIOMED

11/02/02

40

Citation Indexes (Science and Social Science) 1981-

Web of Science

11/02/02

39

Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR)

The Cochrane Library CD ROM version 2001 Issue 4

11/02/02

216 RCTs

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR)

The Cochrane Library CD ROM version 2001 Issue 4

11/02/02

12 (including 1 protocol)

Database of Abstract of Reviews of (DARE)

The Cochrane Library CD ROM version 2001 Issue 4

11/02/02

1

EBM Reviews

Ovid BIOMED

11/02/02

2

Embase 1988-

SilverPlatter WebSPIRS

14/02/02

170 RCTs 163 Epidemiol.

International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements (IBIDS)

Ovid BIOMED

11/02/02

76

Medline 1966-

Ovid BIOMED

08/02/02

10 Reviews

153 RCTs

111 Epidemiol.

NHS CRD Databases: DARE, NHS EED, HTA

NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) Web site

11/02/02

0 additional

PreMedline

Ovid BIOMED

11/02/02

4





Other sources

Bandolier

http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/

11/02/02

0

DEC Reports

http://www.doh.gov.uk/research/sw

ro/rd/publicat/dec/index.htm

13/02/02

0

E Guildeline

http://www.eguildelines.co.uk/

11/02/02

0

Health Evidence Bulletin, Wales

http://hebw.uwcm.ac.uk/

11/02/02

0

National Guildelines Clearinghouse

www.guildeline.gov

11/02/02

0

OMNI

www.omni.ac.uk

13/02/02

0 relevant

ScHARR Library catalogue

ScHARR Library

11/02/02

0

SIGN

www.sign.ac.uk

13/0202

0

TRIP Database

http://www.tripdatabase.com/

13/02/02

0 additional

TWGAP Reports

http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/

R-Z/tiwgap

13/02/02

0





TOTAL NO. OF REFERENCES RETRIEVED (including duplicates)

1,016

 

 

Search Strategy Used in Midline (Ovid) < 1966 to present>

  1. exp vitamins/ (151282)
  2. vitamins$.tw. (66130)
  3. micronutients/ (416)
  4. or/1-3 (170821)
  5. exp trace elements/ (148034)
  6. trace element$.tw. (5425)
  7. exp antioxidants/ (61933)
  8. antioxidant$.tw. (25297)
  9. retinal.tw. (6447)
  10. exp ascorbic acid/ (20047)
  11. ascorbic acid.tw. (11170)
  12. tocopherol$.tw. (8012)
  13. menadione.tw. (1324)
  14. menaquinone.tw. (483)
  15. cobalt.tw. (9245)
  16. copper.tw. (25369)
  17. fluoride.tw. (17480)
  18. fluorine.tw. (3529)
  19. iodine.tw. (17022)
  20. iron.tw. (52427)
  21. manganese.tw. (8237)
  22. zinc.tw. (33788)
  23. selenium.tw. (9115)
  24. molybdenum.tw. (2335)
  25. chromium.tw. (6575)
  26. silicon.tw. (6575)
  27. exp minerals/ (51560)
  28. mineral$.tw. (39718)
  29. or/5-28 (366069)
  30. eating/ (23360)
  31. diatary supplements/ (3442)
  32. food.tw. (86122)
  33. food/ (12576)
  34. or/30-33 (110404)
  35. 29 and 34 (10098)
  36. 4 or 35 (177226)
  37. exp infection/(307738)
  38. infection$. tw. (415904)
  39. exp immunity/ (570166)
  40. "allergy and immunology"/(2871)
  41. im.fs. (785484)
  42. (immune or immunity or immunology$).ti. (106979)
  43. or/37-42 (1522096)
  44. 36 and 43 (13338)
  45. exp aged/ (1215692)
  46. elderly.tw.(1215692)
  47. old$ person$.tw. (3420)
  48. old$ people$. tw. (5210)
  49. or/45-48 (1226166)
  50. 44 and 49 (997)
  51. guideline.pt. (9980)
  52. practice guideline.pt. (6066)
  53. exp guidelines/ (27374)
  54. health planning guidelines/ (876)
  55. or/51-54 (37965)
  56. meta-analysis/ (3999)
  57. exp review literature/ (1350)
  58. (meta-analy$ or meta analy$ or metaanaly$).tw (7483)
  59. meta analysis.pt. (6071)
  60. review academic.pt.(60389)
  61. review literature.pt (26302)
  62. letter.pt. (444983)
  63. review of reported cases.pt. (43658)
  64. historical article.pt. (193586)
  65. review multicase.pt. (6620)
  66. or/56-61
  67. or 62-65
  68. 66 not 67 (97252)
  69. 55 or 68 (134197)
  70. 50 and 69 (11)
  71. limit 70 to (human and English language) (10)
  72. randomised controlled trial.pt. (152463)
  73. controlled clinical trial.pt. (59132)
  74. randomised controlled trials/ (20675)
  75. random allocation/ (44901)
  76. double blind method/ (67074)
  77. single blind method/ (6136)
  78. clinical trial.pt. (321481)
  79. (random$ adj5 trial$).tw.(47760)
  80. or/72-79 (374582)
  81. 50 and 80 (173)
  82. limit 81 to (human and English language) (153)
  83. exp epidemiologic studies/ (612374)
  84. (case$ adj3 control$).tw.(34604)
  85. epidemiolog$.ti.(49352)
  86. or/83-85 (669165)
  87. 50 and 86 (126)
  88. limit 87 to (human and English language) (111)
  89. from 71 keep 1-10 (10)
  90. from 82 keep 1-153 (153)
  91. from 88 keep 1-111 (111)

 

Search Strategy using database: CINAHL

  1. exp vitamins/ (3253)
  2. vitamin$.tw. (2044)
  3. micronutrients/ (185)
  4. or/1-3 (3960)
  5. exp trace elements/ (1211)
  6. trace element$. Tw. (67)
  7. antioxidants/ (682)
  8. antioxidant$.tw. (502)
  9. retinal.tw. (125)
  10. exp ascorbic acid/ (479)
  11. ascorbic acid.tw. (94)
  12. tocopherol$.tw. (102)
  13. menadione.tw. (0)
  14. menaquinone.tw. (2)
  15. cobalt.tw. (21)
  16. copper.tw. (163)
  17. fluoride.tw. (276)
  18. fluorine.tw. (10)
  19. iodine.tw. (211)
  20. iron.tw. (868)
  21. manganese.tw. (29)
  22. zinc.tw. (405)
  23. selenium.tw. (115)
  24. molybdenum.tw. (11)
  25. chromium.tw. (60)
  26. silicon.tw. (24)
  27. exp minerals/ (526)
  28. mineral$.tw. (955)
  29. or/5-28 (4604)
  30. eating/ (159)
  31. dietary supplemention/ (2136)
  32. food/ (1235)
  33. food.tw. (4903)
  34. or/ 30-33 (7704)
  35. 29 and 34 (904)
  36. exp infection/ (12508)
  37. infection$.tw. (14150)
  38. "allergy and immunology"/ (44)
  39. im.fs. (244)
  40. (immune or immunity or immunolog$).tw. (2613)
  41. exp immunity/ (2068)
  42. or/36-41 (24704)
  43. 4 or 35 (4331)
  44. exp aged/ (60050)
  45. elderly.tw. (11728)
  46. old$ person$.tw. (993)
  47. old$ people$.tw. (1979)
  48. or/44-47 (62151)
  49. 43 and 42 (234)
  50. 49 and 42 (40)
  51. from 50 keep 1-40 (40)

 

 

Search strategy for database AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine)

< 1985 to December 2001>

  1. exp vitamins/ (1209)
  2. vitamin$.tw. (1160)
  3. micronutrients/ (6)
  4. or/1-3 (1364)
  5. exp trace elements/ (401)
  6. trace element$. Tw. (138)
  7. antioxidants/ (193)
  8. antioxidant$. Tw. (363)
  9. retinal.tw. (3)
  10. exp ascorbic acid/ (162)
  11. ascorbic acid.tw. (183)
  12. tocopherol$.tw. (27)
  13. menadione.tw. (3)
  14. menaquinone.tw. (0)
  15. cobalt.tw. (19)
  16. copper.tw. (76)
  17. fluoride.tw. (22)
  18. fluorine.tw. (3)
  19. iodine.tw. (32)
  20. iron.tw. (90)
  21. manganese.tw. (13)
  22. zinc.tw. (127)
  23. selenium.tw. (107)
  24. molybdenum.tw. (7)
  25. chromium.tw. (37)
  26. silicon.tw. (12)
  27. exp minerals/ (484)
  28. mineral$.tw. (843)
  29. or/5-28 (1795)
  30. eating/ (57)
  31. food/ (355)
  32. food.tw. (1061)
  33. exp diet/ (937)
  34. or/30-33 (1893)
  35. 29 and 34 (205)
  36. 4 or 35 (1474)
  37. exp aged/ (4323)
  38. elderly.tw. (2352)
  39. old$ person$. Tw. (238)
  40. old$ people$. tw. (354)
  41. or/37-40 (4991)
  42. 36 and 41 (58)
  43. exp infection/ (252)
  44. infection$.tw. (1842)
  45. exp immunity/ (331)
  46. exp immune system/ (831)
  47. (immunity or immune or immunology$). Tw. (1599)
  48. or/43-47 (3510)
  49. 42 and 48 (7)
  50. from 49 keep 1-7 (7)

 

Search strategy by PREMEDLINE

  1. (vitamin$ or mineral$ or trace element$ or micronutrient$).tw. (2079)
  2. (immunity or immune or immunology$ or infection$).tw. (9918)
  3. (elderly or old$ people$ or old person$).tw. (1394)
  4. 1 and 2 and 3 (4)
  5. from 4 keep 1-4 (4)

 

search strategy – database: EMB reviews – ACP Journal club

<1991 to September/October 2001>

 

  1. [exp vitamin/] (0)
  2. vitamin$.tw. (91)
  3. [micronutrients/] (0)
  4. or/1-3 (91)
  5. [exp trace elements/] (0)
  6. trace element$. Tw. (3)
  7. [antioxidants/] (0)
  8. antioxidant$.tw (26)
  9. retinal.tw. (5)
  10. [exp ascorbic acid/] (0)
  11. ascorbic acid.tw. (4)
  12. tocopherol$.tw. (9)
  13. menadione.tw. (0)
  14. menaquinone.tw. (0)
  15. cobalt.tw. (0)
  16. copper.tw. (3)
  17. fluoride.tw. (7)
  18. fluorine.tw. (0)
  19. iodine.tw. (14)
  20. iron.tw. (21)
  21. manganese.tw. (0)
  22. zinc.tw. (11)
  23. selenium.tw. (7)
  24. molybdenum.tw. (0)
  25. chromium.tw. (0)
  26. silicon.tw. (0)
  27. [exp minerals/] (0)
  28. mineral$.tw. (40)
  29. or/5-28 (111)
  30. [eating/] (0)
  31. [food/] (0)
  32. food.tw. (95)
  33. [exp diet/] (0)
  34. or/30-33 (95)
  35. 29 and 34 (14)
  36. 4 or 35 (95)
  37. [exp aged/] (0)
  38. elderly.tw. (212)
  39. old$ person$.tw. (42)
  40. old$ people$.tw. (2)
  41. or/37-40 (228)
  42. 36 and 41 (14)
  43. [exp infection/] (0)
  44. infection$.tw. (364)
  45. [exp immunity/] (0)
  46. [exp immune system/] (0)
  47. (immunity or immune or immunology$). Tw. (106)
  48. or/43-47 (397)
  49. 42 and 48 (2)
  50. [from 49 keep 1-7] (0)
  51. from 49 keep 1-2 (2)

 

 

Search Strategy Used in Midline (Ovid)

  1. exp vitamins/ (151282)
  2. vitamins$.tw. (66130)
  3. micronutients/ (416)
  4. or/1-3 (170821)
  5. exp trace elements/ (148034)
  6. trace element$.tw. (5425)
  7. exp antioxidants/ (61933)
  8. antioxidant$.tw. (25297)
  9. retinal.tw. (6447)
  10. exp ascorbic acid/ (20047)
  11. ascorbic acid.tw. (11170)
  12. tocopherol$.tw. (8012)
  13. menadione.tw. (1324)
  14. menaquinone.tw. (483)
  15. cobalt.tw. (9245)
  16. copper.tw. (25369)
  17. fluoride.tw. (17480)
  18. fluorine.tw. (3529)
  19. iodine.tw. (17022)
  20. iron.tw. (52427)
  21. manganese.tw. (8237)
  22. zinc.tw. (33788)
  23. selenium.tw. (9115)
  24. molybdenum.tw. (2335)
  25. chromium.tw. (6575)
  26. silicon.tw. (6575)
  27. exp minerals/ (51560)
  28. mineral$.tw. (39718)
  29. or/5-28 (366069)
  30. eating/ (23360)
  31. diatary supplements/ (3442)
  32. food.tw. (86122)
  33. food/ (12576)
  34. or/30-33 (110404)
  35. 29 and 34 (10098)
  36. 4 or 35 (177226)
  37. exp infection/(307738)
  38. infection$. tw. (415904)
  39. exp immunity/ (570166)
  40. "allergy and immunology"/(2871)
  41. im.fs. (785484)
  42. (immune or immunity or immunology$).ti. (106979)
  43. or/37-42 (1522096)
  44. 36 and 43 (13338)
  45. exp aged/ (1215692)
  46. elderly.tw.(1215692)
  47. old$ person$.tw. (3420)
  48. old$ people$. tw. (5210)
  49. or/45-48 (1226166)
  50. 44 and 49 (997)
  51. guideline.pt. (9980)
  52. practice guideline.pt. (6066)
  53. exp guidelines/ (27374)
  54. health planning guidelines/ (876)
  55. or/51-54 (37965)
  56. meta-analysis/ (3999)
  57. exp review literature/ (1350)
  58. (meta-analy$ or meta analy$ or metaanaly$).tw (7483)
  59. meta analysis.pt. (6071)
  60. review academic.pt.(60389)
  61. review literature.pt (26302)
  62. letter.pt. (444983)
  63. review of reported cases.pt. (43658)
  64. historical article.pt. (193586)
  65. review multicase.pt. (6620)
  66. or/56-61
  67. or 62-65
  68. 66 not 67 (97252)
  69. 55 or 68 (134197)
  70. 50 and 69 (11)
  71. limit 70 to (human and English language) (10)
  72. randomised controlled trial.pt. (152463)
  73. controlled clinical trial.pt. (59132)
  74. randomised controlled trials/ (20675)
  75. random allocation/ (44901)
  76. double blind method/ (67074)
  77. single blind method/ (6136)
  78. clinical trial.pt. (321481)
  79. (random$ adj5 trial$).tw.(47760)
  80. or/72-79 (374582)
  81. 50 and 80 (173)
  82. limit 81 to (human and English language) (153)
  83. exp epidemiologic studies/ (612374)
  84. (case$ adj3 control$).tw.(34604)
  85. epidemiolog$.ti.(49352)
  86. or/83-85 (669165)
  87. 50 and 86 (126)
  88. limit 87 to (human and English language) (111)

 

UPDATED SEARCH FROM 2002 – 2004:

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1996 to January Week 2 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1     exp vitamins/ (40543)
2     vitamin$.tw. (25176)
3     micronutrients/ (681)
4     or/1-3 (50247)
5     exp trace elements/ (40004)
6     trace elements$.tw. (1424)
7     exp antioxidants/ (34459)
8     antioxidant$.tw. (22433)
9     retinal.tw. (21468)
10     exp ascorbic acid/ (5990)
11     ascorbic acid.tw. (3842)
12     tocopherol$.tw. (4412)
13     menadione.tw. (590)
14     menaquinone.tw. (268)
15     cobalt.tw. (2625)
16     copper.tw. (10225)
17     fluoride.tw. (4463)
18     fluorine.tw. (1431)
19     iodine.tw. (5552)
20     iron.tw. (21847)
21     manganese.tw. (3711)
22     zinc.tw. (15493)
23     selenium.tw. (3639)
24     molybdenum.tw. (871)
25     chromium.tw. (2386)
26     silicon.tw. (2093)
27     exp minerals/ (16164)
28     mineral$.tw. (20812)
29     or/5-28 (164457)
30     eating/ (8765)
31     dietary supplements/ (6272)
32     food.tw. (43309)
33     food/ (3332)
34     or/30-33 (54643)
35     29 and 34 (7003)
36     4 or 35 (54361)
37     exp infection/ (101720)
38     infection$.tw. (190220)
39     exp immunity/ (154703)
40     "allergy and immunology"/ (846)
41     im.fs. (245909)
42     (immune or immunity or immunolog$).ti. (26574)
43     or/37-42 (503007)
44     36 and 43 (4223)
45     exp aged/ (455353)
46     elderly.tw. (35799)
47     old$ people$.tw. (3522)
48     old$ person$.tw. (1957)
49     or/45-48 (461164)
50     44 and 49 (415)
51     guideline.pt. (6970)
52     practice guideline.pt. (5375)
53     exp guidelines/ (30620)
54     health planning guidelines/ (547)
55     or/51-54 (37878)
56     meta-analysis/ (3146)
57     exp review literature/ (1428)
58     (meta-analy$ or meta analy$ or metaanaly$).tw. (7759)
59     meta analysis.pt. (6233)
60     review academic.pt. (40374)
61     review literature.pt. (22243)
62     letter.pt. (188571)
63     review of reported cases.pt. (23107)
64     historical article.pt. (45150)
65     review multicase.pt. (3043)
66     or/56-61 (74223)
67     or/62-65 (257025)
68     66 not 67 (72813)
69     55 or 68 (109361)
70     50 and 69 (5)
71     limit 70 to english language (5)
72     randomized controlled trial.pt. (86088)
73     controlled clinical trial.pt. (19356)
74     randomized controlled trials/ (22039)
75     random allocation/ (14486)
76     double blind method/ (30793)
77     single blind method/ (5098)
78     clinical trial.pt. (167258)
79     (random$ adj5 trial$).tw. (39368)
80     or/72-79 (214191)
81     50 and 80 (102)
82     limit 81 to (human and english language) (100)
83     exp epidemiologic studies/ (364174)
84     (case$ adj3 control$).tw. (22537)
85     epidemiolog$.ti. (15518)
86     or/83-85 (382375)
87     50 and 86 (81)
88     limit 87 to (human and english language) (68)
89     from 71 keep 1-5 (5)
90     71 or 82 or 88 (155)
91     limit 90 to yr=2002-2004 (39)
92     from 91 keep 1-39 (39)

 

 Database: Amed ( to January week 2 2004)

1

vitamin$

1511

2

micronutrient$

55

3

micronutrients.DE.

8

4

1 OR 2 OR 3

1533

5

trace ADJ element$

166

6

antioxidant$

813

7

retinal

76

8

ascorbic ADJ acid$

273

9

tocopherol$

63

10

menadione

4

11

menaquinone

0

12

cobalt

22

13

copper

105

14

fluoride

40

15

fluorine$

8

16

iodine

45

17

iron

134

18

selenium

140

19

molybdenum

7

20

chromium

52

21

silicon$

110

22

mineral$

1095

23

5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 13 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19 OR 20 OR 21 OR 22

2703

24

eating

432

25

food$

1619

26

diet$

3793

27

24 OR 25 OR 26

5122

28

23 AND 27

663

29

4 OR 28

1876

30

aged.DE.

5444

31

elderly

3123

32

old$ ADJ person$

332

33

old$ ADJ people$

626

34

30 OR 31 OR 32 OR 33

6654

35

29 AND 34

95

36

infections.DE.

1662

37

infection$

2641

38

immunity.DE.

355

39

(immune ADJ system).DE.

726

40

immunity OR immune OR immunology

1542

41

36 OR 37 OR 38 OR 39 OR 40

3989

42

41 AND 35

12

43

42 AND 2002 onwards

8

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations <February 3, 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1     (vitamin$ or mineral$ or trace element$ or micronutrient$).mp. [mp=title, abstract] (3893)
2     (immunity or immune or immunology or infection$).mp. [mp=title, abstract] (14884)
3     (elderly or old people$ or old person$).mp. [mp=title, abstract] (2298)
4     1 and 2 and 3 (6)
5     from 4 keep 1-6 (6)

 

 

"((Aged#.W..DE. OR Aged-80-And-Over#.DE. OR Aged-80-And-Over#.DE.) OR (elderly.TI,AB,DE.) OR (( old ADJ person$ OR old ADJ people$ ) .TI,AB,DE.)) AND (((infection$.TI,AB,DE.) OR (Infection#.W..DE.) OR (Allergy-and-Immunology#.DE.) OR (im.FS.) OR (( immune OR immunity OR immunolog$ ) .TI,AB,DE.) OR (Immunity#.W..DE.)) AND (((vitamin$.TI,AB.) OR (micronutrients#.DE.) OR (vitamins#.DE.)) OR (((( trace ADJ element$ ) .TI,AB.) OR (TRACE-ELEMENTS#.DE.) OR (antioxidant$.TI,AB.) OR (ANTIOXIDANTS#.W..DE.) OR (retinal.TI,AB.) OR (( ascorbic ADJ acid$ ) .TI,AB.) OR (ASCORBIC-ACID#.DE.) OR (tocopherol$.TI,AB.) OR (menadione.TI,AB.) OR (menaquinone.TI,AB.) OR (cobalt.TI,AB,DE.) OR (copper.TI,AB,DE.) OR (fluoride.TI,AB,DE.) OR (fluorine.TI,AB,DE.) OR (iodine.TI,AB,DE.) OR (iron.TI,AB,DE.) OR (manganese.TI,AB,DE.) OR (zinc.TI,AB,DE.) OR (selenium.TI,AB,DE.) OR (molybdenum.TI,AB,DE.) OR (chromium.TI,AB,DE.) OR (silicon.TI,AB,DE.) OR (mineral$.TI,AB,DE.) OR (MINERALS#.W..DE.)) AND ((Eating#.W..DE.) OR (Dietary-Supplementation#.DE.) OR (food.TI,AB,DE.)))))":

document 1 of 37 
CINAHL (R) - 2002 to date (NAHL)

Searches carried out, removing language restriction filters (done in order to respond to reviewers comments on the initial submission on the paper)

Search for: 70 or 81 or 87

Results: 1-366

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1966 to November Week 3 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1     exp vitamins/ (163976)
2     vitamin$.tw. (78903)
3     micronutrients/ (903)
4     or/1-3 (188890)
5     exp trace elements/ (170641)
6     trace elements$.tw. (4680)
7     exp antioxidants/ (94753)
8     antioxidant$.tw. (39189)
9     retinal.tw. (63822)
10     exp ascorbic acid/ (22886)
11     ascorbic acid.tw. (13027)
12     tocopherol$.tw. (10032)
13     menadione.tw. (1661)
14     menaquinone.tw. (661)
15     cobalt.tw. (10368)
16     copper.tw. (31360)
17     fluoride.tw. (19575)
18     fluorine.tw. (4190)
19     iodine.tw. (19460)
20     iron.tw. (65516)
21     manganese.tw. (10270)
22     zinc.tw. (44232)
23     selenium.tw. (10938)
24     molybdenum.tw. (2890)
25     chromium.tw. (7824)
26     silicon.tw. (4807)
27     exp minerals/ (61252)
28     mineral$.tw. (51357)
29     or/5-28 (514045)
30     eating/ (27056)
31     dietary supplements/ (7987)
32     food.tw. (109406)
33     food/ (13984)
34     or/30-33 (139738)
35     29 and 34 (14363)
36     4 or 35 (197827)
37     exp infection/ (366138)
38     infection$.tw. (512197)
39     exp immunity/ (627969)
40     "allergy and immunology"/ (3256)
41     im.fs. (908276)
42     (immune or immunity or immunolog$).ti. (120598)
43     or/37-42 (1771974)
44     36 and 43 (14730)
45     exp aged/ (1419230)
46     elderly.tw. (93000)
47     old$ people$.tw. (7222)
48     old$ person$.tw. (4339)
49     or/45-48 (1432697)
50     44 and 49 (1188)
51     guideline.pt. (13097)
52     practice guideline.pt. (8831)
53     exp guidelines/ (44014)
54     health planning guidelines/ (1822)
55     or/51-54 (58415)
56     meta-analysis/ (5789)
57     exp review literature/ (2229)
58     (meta-analy$ or meta analy$ or metaanaly$).tw. (12493)
59     meta analysis.pt. (10133)
60     review academic.pt. (86844)
61     review literature.pt. (40856)
62     letter.pt. (525704)
63     review of reported cases.pt. (51552)
64     historical article.pt. (214668)
65     review multicase.pt. (8821)
66     or/56-61 (146144)
67     or/62-65 (794688)
68     66 not 67 (143795)
69     55 or 68 (200270)
70     50 and 69 (14)
71     limit 70 to english language (13)
72     randomized controlled trial.pt. (199108)
73     controlled clinical trial.pt. (68418)
74     randomized controlled trials/ (35851)
75     random allocation/ (52891)
76     double blind method/ (81478)
77     single blind method/ (8717)
78     clinical trial.pt. (401069)
79     (random$ adj5 trial$).tw. (71139)
80     or/72-79 (483337)
81     50 and 80 (228)
82     limit 81 to (human and english language) (205)
83     exp epidemiologic studies/ (790418)
84     (case$ adj3 control$).tw. (46871)
85     epidemiolog$.ti. (56255)
86     or/83-85 (855622)
87     50 and 86 (165)
88     limit 87 to (human and english language) (148)
89     from 71 keep 1-5 (5)
90     71 or 82 or 88 (326)
91     limit 90 to yr=2002-2004 (73)
92     70 or 81 or 87 (366)
93     from 92 keep 1-366 (366)

Search for: from 45 [38 or 44] keep 1-41

Results: 1-41

Database: CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature <1982 to December Week 1 2004>
Search Strategy:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1     micronutrients.mp. or exp MICRONUTRIENTS/ (436)
2     vitamins.mp. or exp VITAMINS/ (6055)
3     trace elements.mp. or exp Trace Elements/ (2145)
4     antioxidants.mp. or exp ANTIOXIDANTS/ (1554)
5     retinal.mp. (383)
6     ascorbic acid.mp. or exp Ascorbic Acid/ (880)
7     tocopherol.mp. or exp Vitamin E/ (949)
8     menadione.mp. or exp Vitamin K/ (263)
9     menaquinone.mp. (3)
10     cobalt.mp. or exp COBALT/ (51)
11     copper.mp. or exp COPPER/ (323)
12     fluoride.mp. or exp Fluorides/ (670)
13     fluorine.mp. (18)
14     iodine.mp. or exp IODINE/ (434)
15     exp IRON/ or iron.mp. (1677)
16     manganese.mp. or exp MANGANESE/ (64)
17     zinc.mp. or exp ZINC/ (887)
18     exp SELENIUM/ or selenium.mp. (305)
19     molybdenum.mp. (14)
20     exp CHROMIUM/ or chromium.mp. (171)
21     exp SILICON/ or silicon.mp. (71)
22     minerals.mp. or exp MINERALS/ (1149)
23     or/1-22 (11484)
24     exp EATING/ or eating.mp. (4364)
25     dietary supplementation.mp. or exp Dietary Supplementation/ (4849)
26     diet.mp. or exp DIET/ (15408)
27     food.mp. or exp FOOD/ (22609)
28     or/24-27 (36721)
29     23 and 28 (4744)
30     exp INFECTION/ or infection.mp. (29772)
31     (allergy and immunology).mp. [mp=title, cinahl subject headings, abstract, instrumentation] (107)
32     im.fs. (1890)
33     immunity.mp. or exp IMMUNITY/ (3632)
34     immunology.mp. or exp "Allergy and Immunology"/ (421)
35     immune.tw. (2877)
36     or/30-35 (35560)
37     29 and 36 (269)
38     limit 37 to (aged <65 to 79 years> or "aged <80 and over>") (36)
39     exp "AGED, 80 AND OVER"/ or exp AGED/ (95705)
40     elderly.mp. (16447)
41     old$ people$.mp. (3613)
42     old$ person$.mp. (1529)
43     or/39-42 (98772)
44     37 and 43 (41)
45     38 or 44 (41)
46     from 45 keep 1-41 (41)
47     from 46 keep 1-41 (41)
48     from 46 keep 1-41 (41)

 

Amed search -

No.

Search term

Results

1

vitamin$

1554

2

micronutrient$

61

3

micronutrients.DE.

8

4

trace ADJ element$

174

5

antioxidant$

875

6

retinal

80

7

ascorbic ADJ acid$

273

8

tocopherol$

66

9

menadione

4

10

cobalt

25

11

menaquinone

0

12

copper

103

14

fluoride

42

15

fluorine$

9

16

iodine

47

17

iron

136

18

selenium

150

19

molybdenum

7

20

chromium

54

21

silicon$

118

22

mineral$

1168

23

1 OR 2 OR 3

1578

24

4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19 OR 20 OR 21 OR 22

2869

25

eating

460

27

food$

1692

28

diet$

3940

29

25 OR 27 OR 28

5330

31

24 AND 29

691

32

23 OR 31

1942

33

aged.DE.

5951

34

elderly

3321

35

old$ ADJ people

692

36

old$ ADJ person$

353

37

33 OR 34 OR 35 OR 36

7234

38

32 AND 37

103

39

infections.DE.

1794

40

infection$

2849

41

(immune ADJ system).DE.

737

42

immunity OR immune OR immunology

1605

43

immunology.DE.

1

44

39 OR 40 OR 41 OR 42 OR 43

4253

45

38 AND 44

14