This PDF file includes:

• fig. S1. SEM characterization of CVD h-BN.
  
• fig. S2. SEM characterization of ALD LiF on Si.
  
• fig. S3. SEM characterization of ALD LiF on h-BN/Si.
  
• fig. S4. SEM characterization of ALD LiF on h-BN/Cu.
  
• fig. S5. SEM characterization of ALD LiF on SS and Cu.
  
• fig. S6. XPS analysis of ALD LiF on Si.
  
• fig. S7. XPS analysis of ALD LiF on h-BN/Cu.
  
• fig. S8. Cycling performance of Cu, h-BN/Cu, and LiF/h-BN/Cu electrodes in carbonate electrolyte with additives.
  
• fig. S9. Optical images of Li-plated Cu, LiF/Cu, h-BN/Cu, and LiF/h-BN/Cu electrodes with different exposure times in the ambient environment.
  
• fig. S10. XPS analysis of the LiF/h-BN/Cu electrode after Li plating.
  
• fig. S11. Cycling performance of batteries with different amounts of electrolyte and failed battery with refilled electrolyte.
  
• References (52–56)

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