This PDF file includes:

• fig. S1. Landmark set used in this study.
  
• fig. S2. bgPCA of endocranial shape.
  
• fig. S3. Average endocranial shapes of H. erectus, Neandertals, and present-day humans that the bgPCA is based on.
• fig. S4. Visualization of surface area expansion associated with shape changes.
  
• fig. S5. bgPCA of endocranial form.
  
• fig. S6. Allometric relationships within archaic Homo representatives shown as a series of predicted shapes according to the regression on size.
  
• Legends for movies S1 to S6

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• movie S1 (.mp4 format). Brain shape evolution in H. sapiens (lateral view).
  
• movie S2 (.mp4 format). Brain shape evolution in H. sapiens (occipital view).
  
• movie S3 (.mp4 format). Brain shape evolution in H. sapiens (inferior view).
  
• movie S4 (.mp4 format). Brain shape allometry in archaic Homo representatives (lateral view).
  
• movie S5 (.mp4 format). Brain shape allometry in archaic Homo representatives (occipital view).
  
• movie S6 (.mp4 format). Brain shape allometry in archaic Homo representatives (inferior view).