This PDF file includes:

• section S1. Rayleigh-Plateau breakup
  
• section S2. Shape control
  
• section S3. Comparing IAMF to droplet-based particle formation technologies
  
• section S4. IAMF with respect to additive manufacturing technologies
  
• fig. S1. Schematic of the setup.
  
• fig. S2. Ejection and breakup regimes.
  
• fig. S3. Overview of particles and fibers.
  
• fig. S4. Hydrogel templating.
  
• fig. S5. Particle size distributions.
  
• fig. S6. Elongation of droplets and particles.
  
• fig. S7. IAMF handheld device.
  
• fig. S8. Fiber-based modular materials.
  
• fig. S9. Characterization of IAMF-based cell microencapsulation.
  
• fig. S10. Viability and function of IAMF-processed cells.
  
• fig. S11. Overview of IAMF-based materials and throughput.
  
• fig. S12. Surface tension of ethanol/water mixtures.
  
• Legends for movies S1 and S2
  
• table S1. Detailed process parameters of key experiments.
  
• References (53–83)

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• movie S1 (.mp4). One-step 3D modular printing a solid freeform.
  
• movie S2 (.mp4). Omnidirectional printing using IAMF handheld device.