This PDF file includes:

• section S1. Bulk gallium structural analysis
  
• section S2. Stability of gallenene sheets
  
• section S3. Effect of thickness on the band structure of gallenene
  
• section S4. Stamping technique of solid-melt exfoliation
  
• section S5. AFM analysis of Ga films
  
• section S6. Contact angle measurements
  
• section S7. Substrate effects on gallenene
  
• section S8. Absorption measurements on gallenene
  
• section S9. XPS measurements on Ga/MoS₂ heterostructures
  
• section S10. Structural stability of Ga/MoS₂ heterostructures
  
• section S11. Thermal conductivity of gallenene
  
• section S12. Defects in gallenene
  
• section S13. Polymorphism in gallenene
  
• section S14. Exfoliation of ultrathin Sn sheets
  
• fig. S1. Structure of gallium.
  
• fig. S2. Bonding nature of gallium.
  
• fig. S3. Phonon dispersion of gallenene.
  
• fig. S4. Effect of number of layers of gallenene b010.
  
• fig. S5. Effect of number of layers of gallenene a100.
  
• fig. S6. Stamping technique used for simultaneous exfoliation of multiple samples.
  
• fig. S7. AFM analysis.
  
• fig. S8. Thickness for different substrates.
  
• fig. S9. Contact angle measurements.
  
• fig. S10. Gallenene on different substrates.
  
• fig. S11. Gallenene on Si.
  
• fig. S12. Gallenene on Si.
  
• fig. S13. Gallenene on Ag.
  
• fig. S14. Gallenene on Al.
  
• fig. S15. Gallenene on Si.
  
• fig. S16. Gallenene on Ni.
  
• fig. S17. Gallenene on GaN.
  
• fig. S18. Band structure of gallenene on different substrates.
  
• fig. S19. XPS measurements of heterostructures.
  
• fig. S20. Structure of heterostructure.
  
• fig. S21. Thermal properties of gallenene.
  
• fig. S22. Thermal conductivity variation as a function of temperature.
  
• fig. S23. Defects in gallenene.
  
• fig. S24. Defects in gallenene.
  
• fig. S25. Polymorphism.
  
• fig. S26. Thin film of tin.
  
• table S1. Contact angle of Ga on different substrates.
  
• table S2. Structural parameters of the substrate and gallenene.
  
• References (80–84)

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