Nitrogen cycle and the associated functional genes (Fig. S1); PCR amplification in conventional PCR assays (Fig. S2); standard curves generated based on the results of the NiCE chip assays (Fig. S3); microbial community structures in UASB-L and UASB-M samples as assessed by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Fig. S4); maximum-likelihood trees (Fig. S5 and S6); oligonucleotide primers used in this study (Table S1); Blastx results of the MiSeq sequence reads retrieved from pure bacterial strains and enrichment culture samples (Table S2); proportions of sequence reads sorted to each target gene bin (Table S3); closest relatives of indicated operational taxonomic units (Table S4); Shannon and inverse Simpson indices (Table S5); correlations between transcript quantities measured by the NiCE chip and those measured by conventional qPCR (Table S6).
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