This PDF file includes:

• fig. S1. Optimization of the parameters and conditions for high-efficiency 661W cell loading.
  
• fig. S2. A schematic shows the microwell BME-coating process on the NN-Chip.
  
• fig. S3. ROS production, mmp measurements, and SYTOX function test in the blue light–treated 661W cells.
  
• fig. S4. Representative immunostaining images of S-opsin from 0 to 18 hours under blue light irradiation.
  
• fig. S5. Existence of tight junctions in synapses and function validation of the SYTOX.
  
• fig. S6. Apoptotic cells were quantified with or without adjacent apoptotic cells (n = 10).
  
• fig. S7. Generation and verification of Cx36-KO 661W cells.
  
• fig. S8. Calibration of the microinjection volume.
  
• Legends for movies S1 to S4

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• movie S1 (.avi format). Operation of NN-Chip.
  
• movie S2 (.mp4 format). Three-dimensional structural view of 661W cells cultured onto NN-Chip after 6 hours.
  
• movie S3 (.mov format). Time lapse of the gap junction–mediated bystander killing effect in the 661W cells.
  
• movie S4 (.mov format). Apoptosis propagation from single cell.