AnimaliaHemipteraTriozidaePercyDiana M.Revision of the Hawaiian psyllid genus Swezeyana, with descriptions of seven new species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Triozidae)Zookeys155201820187587511310.3897/zookeys.758.23019 Swezeyana atra http://zoobank.org/3BA915C9-4A1D-4910-A5A7-F7F130BF1314 sp. n.Figures 1C, 4Diagnosis.

Medium sized, dark coloured species, with fore wing membrane unpatterned, antennae medium short, genal processes long, paramere short, and female proctiger strongly convex apically.

Description.

Adult. General body colour brown to black, particularly dark on the dorsum of head and thorax. Fore wing membrane generally uniformly clear or slightly fuscous, with fuscous-brown cloud usually present around vein R and basal dorsal claval margin (Fig. 1C). Fore wing apex acute; pseudopterostigma relatively long (Fig. 4S), typically no cross pseudovein in cell r1 (one individual seen with partial cross vein); surface spinules relatively sparsely distributed but denser towards wing margin, few or absent from c+sc; medium long setae on ventral margin and medium short to short setae on veins and dorsal margin. Antennae medium short (ratio AL:HW 1.30) (Fig. 4B–C); genal processes medium long (GP < 0.40 mm, ratio HW:GP > 1.40) and slightly upturned at apices (Fig. 4B); medium short to short setae on vertex and thorax. Meracanthus extremely small (Fig. 4Q), genual spine reduced or absent (Fig. 4R). Male terminalia (Fig. 4F–I): paramere short (ratio PL:HW < 0.20), tapering to slightly anteriorly projecting apex with two short stout setae; distal aedeagus segment long relative to paramere (ratio PL:AEL 0.92–1.10), apex developed into a large rounded hook with blunt apex. Female terminalia (Fig. 4J–P): proctiger dorsal surface strongly convex apically, apex broad, blunt, bearing medial cleft and fringed with stout setae, anal ring medium long (ratio FP:RL > 2.00), without or with reduced head compartment at proximal end, distal portion of ring margin smooth; subgenital plate slightly convex with short medial cleft (Fig. 4N–O).

Egg. Unknown.

Immature. Unknown.

Host plant.

Planchonella sandwicensis.

Distribution.

Oahu. Only known from the Waianae Mountains.

Etymology.

Named for the dark body colouration, especially the head and thorax (adjective in the nominative singular).

Comments.

This is the darkest of the Swezeyana species. It has the shortest paramere in the elongagena group, with the shape more similar to those in the reticulata group. The distribution in the Waianae Mountains is shared with S. oahuensis, and the molecular topology places these two species as sister taxa but with weak bootstrap support (Fig. 2).

Neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis (combined COI and cytB data) with 1000 bootstrap replicates in PAUP*. Eight of the nine Swezeyana species are included and 16 other taxa from Triozidae, mostly representing other Hawaiian genera for comparison of divergence; and one species from Carsidaridae as an outgroup (Mesohomotoma hibisci) (Table 1). Outlines of parameres and female terminalia illustrate the two recognized species groups (elongagena group in black, reticulata group in grey, S. magnaccai unplaced), and fore wing images (Fig. 1) show the distribution of patterned/pigmented wings. Regional localities of sample are given, and “imm.” indicates an immature sampled for S. reticulata. NJ bootstrap support values ≥ 60% are indicated for all nodes, and comparative node support from ML and Bayesian analyses are shown for the three same island sister taxa pairs (NJ/ML[bold]/Bayesian[italic]) (see Discussion). Maximum genetic divergence (uncorrected p-distances) is shown for Swezeyana and four other endemic Hawaiian genera; also shown are maximum intraspecific distances (indicated with an asterix) for two widespread non-Hawaiian species with multiple individuals sampled across terrestrial (T. urticae) or oceanic (M. hibisci) landscapes (see Discussion).

Swezeyana elongagena. A head B head (lateral view) C male D head and antenna, inset detail of terminal antennal segments (terminal setae outlined) E female terminalia F detail of apex of female terminalia indicating beak and position of medial clefts in proctiger and subgenital plate (outlined) G male terminalia H paramere and distal aedeagus segment I paramere, inset detail of apex J eggs (distinctly hexagonal sculpturing and pedicel outlined and indicated) K hind leg L base of hind tibia with reduced genual spine indicated M mesotarsi and metatarsi (outlined), concave and ridged underside of basal metatarsus (outlined) N small but distinct meracanthus (indicated) O fore wing with interior edge of ventral margin outlined, inset illustrating broad shape of marginal radular spine cluster P extent of fore wing pseudopterostigma (shaded).

Swezeyana atra sp. n. A head B head and antenna (lateral view) C antenna D proboscis E dorsum of thorax F male terminalia, inset distal aedeagus segment G paramere and distal aedeagus segment H parameres (dorsal view), inset illustrating paramere apex I paramere (posterior view) J female abdomen K female terminalia L female proctiger (dorsal view) M detail of anal ring N female subgenital plate (ventral view) O detail of posterior apex of female subgenital plate with membrane (outlined) P female terminalia endoskeleton (dorsal view, outlined) Q hind leg, inset reduced meracanthus (indicated) and metatarsi (outlined) R base of hind tibia with highly reduced genual spine (indicated) S extent of fore wing pseudopterostigma (shaded) T fore wing (above) with interior edge of ventral margin outlined, hind wing (below).

Material examined.

Holotype male (slide mounted), Waianae Mnts, Oahu, USA, N21.4585, W-158.0973, ex Planchonella sandwicensis, 5 July 2014, “Hi65-14” D. Percy leg. (BMNH). Paratype (slide mounted) 1f, as for holotype (BMNH). Other material: 1m 1f, Puu Hapapa, Central Waianae Mnts, Oahu, USA, N21.4666, W-158.1029, ex Planchonella sandwicensis, 17 May 2014, “KM14-14” K. Magnacca leg. (BMNH).

Gene sequences.

MH001521 (COI) MH001527 (cytB) (Hi65-14); MH001522 (COI) MH001528 (cytB) (KM14-14).

Fore wings of nine Swezeyana species: A S. elongagena (male) B S. oahuensis (male) C S. atra (male) D S. magna (male) E S. hawaiiensis (female) F S. magnaccai (male) G S. reticulata (male above, female below) H S. tentaculata (male above, female below) I S. rubra (male above, female below). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Additional taxa sampled for the mitochondrial DNA analysis, with GenBank accession numbers.

SpeciesLocalityGenBank COI/cytB (publication)
Family: Carsidaridae
Mesohomotoma hibisci (Froggatt, 1901)Society Islands (Moorea)KY294174/KY294658 (Percy 2017a)
Society Islands (Raiatea)KY294171/KY294655 (Percy 2017a)
New CaledoniaKY294170/KY294654 (Percy 2017a)
SingaporeKY294176/KY294660 (Percy 2017a)
Family: Triozidae
Anomocephala unica Tuthill, 1942Austral Islands (Rapa)KY293698/KY294177 (Percy 2017a)
Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909)CaliforniaKY011201/KY011296 (Percy 2017a)
Hemischizocranium aloha (Caldwell, 1940)Hawaiian Islands (Kauai)MG988755/MG989062 (this study)
Hemischizocranium bessi Tuthill, 1956Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii)MG988756/MG989063 (this study)
Hevaheva maculata Caldwell, 1940Hawaiian Islands (Kauai)KY293702/KY294181 (Percy 2017a)
Hevaheva minuta Crawford, 1925Hawaiian Islands (Kauai)KY293703/KY294182 (Percy 2017a)
Hevaheva perkinsi Kirkaldy, 1902Hawaiian Islands (Oahu)KY293704/KY294183 (Percy 2017a)
Hevaheva silvestris Kirkaldy, 1908Hawaiian Islands (Oahu)KY293705/KY294184 (Percy 2017a)
Pariaconus iolani (Kirkaldy, 1902)Hawaiian Islands (Kauai)KY293820/KY294297 (Percy 2017a)
Pariaconus proboscideus Percy, 2017Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii)KY294095/KY294573 (Percy 2017a)
Pariaconus pyramidalis Percy, 2017Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii)KY294124/KY294607 (Percy 2017a)
Pariaconus mauiensis Percy, 2017Hawaiian Islands (Maui)KY293841/KY294316 (Percy 2017a)
Stevekenia aiea Percy, 2017Hawaiian Islands (Kauai)KY971542/KY971544 (Percy 2017b)
Stevekenia nothocestri Percy, 2017Hawaiian Islands (Oahu)KY971541/KY971543 (Percy 2017b)
Trioza remota Foerster, 1848EnglandKY294162/KY294646 (Percy 2017a)
Trioza urticae (Linné, 1758)EnglandKY011191/KY011286 (Wonglersak et al. 2017)
T. urticae GreeceKY011122/KY011219 (Wonglersak et al. 2017)
NorwayKY011175/KY011270 (Wonglersak et al. 2017)
PolandKY011114/KY011212 (Wonglersak et al. 2017)
PercyDM (2017a) Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands. ZooKeys 649: 1163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213 PercyDM (2017b) A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae). Zootaxa 4286: 370380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.4 WonglersakRCronkQPercyD (2017) Salix transect of Europe: structured genetic variation and isolation-by-distance in the nettle psyllid, Trioza urticae (Psylloidea, Hemiptera), from Greece to Arctic Norway. Biodiversity Data Journal (5):e10824. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e10824