7. Additional file 7£şthe GO enrichment analysis of the validated less significant interlogs that get involved in drug resistance of antibiotic efflux pumps. [1]{Rv0849,ABCB1} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] [ABCB1 only] GO:0000086+P biological_process [name] G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle [def] "Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle." [GOC GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0002481+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family." [GOC GO:0002485+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC GO:0002489+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family." [GOC GO:0002591+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I." [GOC GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0006855+P biological_process [name] drug transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a drug is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008559+F molecular_function [name] xenobiotic-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0009986+C cellular_component [name] cell surface [def] "The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042493+P biological_process [name] response to drug [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease." [GOC GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042908+P biological_process [name] xenobiotic transport [def] "The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0070062+C cellular_component [name] extracellular vesicular exosome [def] "A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0072089+P biological_process [name] stem cell proliferation [def] "The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [GOC [2]{Rv0849,ABCB10} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN [ABCB10 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005743+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial inner membrane [def] "The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0032592+C cellular_component [name] integral to mitochondrial membrane [def] "Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of a mitochondrial membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC [3]{Rv3728,CBR4} [common GO terms] GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC [Rv3728 only] GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [CBR4 only] GO:0003955+F molecular_function [name] NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005759+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial matrix [def] "The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006633+P biological_process [name] fatty acid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated_ branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes." [GOC GO:0008753+F molecular_function [name] NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0016491+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC GO:0044597+P GO:0044598+P GO:0048038+F molecular_function [name] quinone binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds." [ISBN GO:0051289+P biological_process [name] protein homotetramerization [def] "The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits." [GOC GO:0055114+P biological_process [name] oxidation-reduction process [def] "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC GO:0070402+F molecular_function [name] NADPH binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions." [GOC [4]{Rv0849,ATP2A3} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP2A3 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005388+F molecular_function [name] calcium-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005634+C cellular_component [name] nucleus [def] "A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent." [GOC GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005789+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006816+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006874+P biological_process [name] cellular calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0016529+C cellular_component [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum [def] "A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell_ continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope_ that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0031095+C cellular_component [name] platelet dense tubular network membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network." [GOC GO:0031965+C cellular_component [name] nuclear membrane [def] "Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope_ excludes the intermembrane space." [GOC GO:0033017+C cellular_component [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0070588+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:1903779+P [5]{Rv0849,ATP12A} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP12A only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005391+F molecular_function [name] sodium [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005889+C cellular_component [name] hydrogen [def] "A protein complex that possesses hydrogen GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006813+P biological_process [name] potassium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006814+P biological_process [name] sodium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006883+P biological_process [name] cellular sodium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0006885+P biological_process [name] regulation of pH [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell." [GOC GO:0008900+F molecular_function [name] hydrogen [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0010038+P biological_process [name] response to metal ion [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus." [GOC GO:0010107+P biological_process [name] potassium ion import [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC GO:0010248+P biological_process [name] establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient [def] "The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0014070+P biological_process [name] response to organic cyclic compound [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus." [CHEBI GO:0015991+P biological_process [name] ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport [def] "The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis." [GOC GO:0015992+P biological_process [name] proton transport [def] "The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016323+C cellular_component [name] basolateral plasma membrane [def] "The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis." [GOC GO:0016324+C cellular_component [name] apical plasma membrane [def] "The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0019829+F molecular_function [name] cation-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0030001+P biological_process [name] metal ion transport [def] "The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0030007+P biological_process [name] cellular potassium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0036376+P GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0055075+P biological_process [name] potassium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell." [GOC [6]{Rv0849,CBR4} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [CBR4 only] GO:0003955+F molecular_function [name] NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005759+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial matrix [def] "The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006633+P biological_process [name] fatty acid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated_ branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes." [GOC GO:0008753+F molecular_function [name] NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0016491+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC GO:0044597+P GO:0044598+P GO:0048038+F molecular_function [name] quinone binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds." [ISBN GO:0051289+P biological_process [name] protein homotetramerization [def] "The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits." [GOC GO:0055114+P biological_process [name] oxidation-reduction process [def] "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC GO:0070402+F molecular_function [name] NADPH binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions." [GOC [7]{Rv0849,ABCB4} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ABCB4 only] GO:0006855+P biological_process [name] drug transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a drug is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008559+F molecular_function [name] xenobiotic-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0042908+P biological_process [name] xenobiotic transport [def] "The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC [8]{Rv0849,ATP1A1} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP1A1 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC [9]{Rv0849,ATP1A3} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP1A3 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC [10]{Rv0849,EPHX2} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [EPHX2 only] GO:0000287+F molecular_function [name] magnesium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004301+F molecular_function [name] epoxide hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005102+F molecular_function [name] receptor binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function." [GOC GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005777+C cellular_component [name] peroxisome [def] "A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules_ contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [ISBN GO:0005829+C cellular_component [name] cytosol [def] "The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006805+P biological_process [name] xenobiotic metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide." [GOC GO:0006874+P biological_process [name] cellular calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0006954+P biological_process [name] inflammatory response [def] "The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages." [GO_REF GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0008217+P biological_process [name] regulation of blood pressure [def] "Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure." [GOC GO:0009636+P biological_process [name] response to toxin [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus." [GOC GO:0010628+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of gene expression [def] "Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form." [GOC GO:0015643+F molecular_function [name] toxin binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a toxin, a poisonous substance that causes damage to biological systems. Toxins are differentiated from simple chemical poisons and vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity (they elicit an antibody response)." [GOC GO:0016311+P biological_process [name] dephosphorylation [def] "The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule." [ISBN GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0016791+F molecular_function [name] phosphatase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate." [EC GO:0017144+P biological_process [name] drug metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease_ as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice." [GOC GO:0019373+P biological_process [name] epoxygenase P450 pathway [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids." [GOC GO:0019439+P biological_process [name] aromatic compound catabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring." [GOC GO:0033885+F molecular_function [name] lipid-phosphate phosphatase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042577+F molecular_function [name] lipid phosphatase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042632+P biological_process [name] cholesterol homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell." [GOC GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC GO:0045909+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of vasodilation [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasodilation." [GOC GO:0046272+P biological_process [name] stilbene catabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA." [GOC GO:0046839+P biological_process [name] phospholipid dephosphorylation [def] "The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents." [ISBN GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0070062+C cellular_component [name] extracellular vesicular exosome [def] "A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0072593+P biological_process [name] reactive oxygen species metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers." [CHEBI GO:0090181+P biological_process [name] regulation of cholesterol metabolic process [def] "Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones." [GOC [11]{Rv0849,ABCB6} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ABCB6 only] GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN [12]{Rv0849,ACSL3} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSL3 only] GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC [13]{Rv0849,OXSM} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [OXSM only] GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004315+F molecular_function [name] 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006633+P biological_process [name] fatty acid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated_ branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes." [GOC GO:0006637+P biological_process [name] acyl-CoA metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016740+F molecular_function [name] transferase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2." [ISBN GO:0016746+F molecular_function [name] transferase activity, transferring acyl groups [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC GO:0016747+F molecular_function [name] transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor)." [GOC GO:0051790+P biological_process [name] short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of less than 8 carbons." [GOC GO:0051792+P biological_process [name] medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons." [GOC [14]{Rv3728,ABCB6} [common GO terms] [Rv3728 only] GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ABCB6 only] GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN [15]{Rv0849,TAP2} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN [TAP2 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0015197+F molecular_function [name] peptide transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0015440+F molecular_function [name] peptide-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0015833+P biological_process [name] peptide transport [def] "The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0019885+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC GO:0030176+C cellular_component [name] integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0042287+F molecular_function [name] MHC protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex molecules_ a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation." [GOC GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042825+C cellular_component [name] TAP complex [def] "A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC [16]{Rv3728,HSD17B10} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC [Rv3728 only] GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [HSD17B10 only] GO:0001540+F molecular_function [name] beta-amyloid binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-amyloid peptide/protein and/or its precursor." [GOC GO:0003857+F molecular_function [name] 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0004303+F molecular_function [name] estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005496+F molecular_function [name] steroid binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene." [GOC GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005759+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial matrix [def] "The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation." [GOC GO:0007569+P biological_process [name] cell aging [def] "Progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan." [GOC GO:0008033+P biological_process [name] tRNA processing [def] "The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group." [GOC GO:0008709+F molecular_function [name] cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0009083+P biological_process [name] branched chain family amino acid catabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine." [GOC GO:0016491+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC GO:0018454+F molecular_function [name] acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0030283+F molecular_function [name] testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0030331+F molecular_function [name] estrogen receptor binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor." [GOC GO:0033327+P biological_process [name] Leydig cell differentiation [def] "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis." [GOC GO:0042802+F molecular_function [name] identical protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins." [GOC GO:0044822+F GO:0047015+F molecular_function [name] 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0051287+F molecular_function [name] NAD binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions_ binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC GO:0051289+P biological_process [name] protein homotetramerization [def] "The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits." [GOC GO:0055114+P biological_process [name] oxidation-reduction process [def] "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC GO:0070901+P biological_process [name] mitochondrial tRNA methylation [def] "The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule." [GOC GO:0090646+P [17]{Rv0849,ATP4A} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP4A only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0000287+F molecular_function [name] magnesium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions." [GOC GO:0005391+F molecular_function [name] sodium [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005615+C cellular_component [name] extracellular space [def] "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid." [ISBN GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006813+P biological_process [name] potassium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006814+P biological_process [name] sodium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006883+P biological_process [name] cellular sodium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0008900+F molecular_function [name] hydrogen [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0010107+P biological_process [name] potassium ion import [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC GO:0010248+P biological_process [name] establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient [def] "The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0015991+P biological_process [name] ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport [def] "The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis." [GOC GO:0015992+P biological_process [name] proton transport [def] "The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0030007+P biological_process [name] cellular potassium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0036376+P GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC [18]{Rv0849,ATP1A2} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP1A2 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001504+P biological_process [name] neurotransmitter uptake [def] "The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft." [ISBN GO:0002026+P biological_process [name] regulation of the force of heart contraction [def] "Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled." [GOC GO:0002087+P biological_process [name] regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process [def] "A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates." [GOC GO:0005391+F molecular_function [name] sodium [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005768+C cellular_component [name] endosome [def] "A membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered." [ISBN GO:0005829+C cellular_component [name] cytosol [def] "The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC GO:0005890+C cellular_component [name] sodium [def] "Sodium GO:0005901+C cellular_component [name] caveola [def] "A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include any of the minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006813+P biological_process [name] potassium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006814+P biological_process [name] sodium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006883+P biological_process [name] cellular sodium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0006937+P biological_process [name] regulation of muscle contraction [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0006940+P biological_process [name] regulation of smooth muscle contraction [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0006942+P biological_process [name] regulation of striated muscle contraction [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0008217+P biological_process [name] regulation of blood pressure [def] "Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure." [GOC GO:0008344+P biological_process [name] adult locomotory behavior [def] "Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism." [GOC GO:0008542+P biological_process [name] visual learning [def] "Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue." [GOC GO:0010107+P biological_process [name] potassium ion import [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC GO:0010248+P biological_process [name] establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient [def] "The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0010881+P biological_process [name] regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction." [GOC GO:0014704+C cellular_component [name] intercalated disc [def] "A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes_ mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells." [GOC GO:0015991+P biological_process [name] ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport [def] "The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0019229+P biological_process [name] regulation of vasoconstriction [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels." [GOC GO:0019829+F molecular_function [name] cation-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0030007+P biological_process [name] cellular potassium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0030315+C cellular_component [name] T-tubule [def] "Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0035094+P biological_process [name] response to nicotine [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus." [CHEBI GO:0036376+P GO:0040011+P biological_process [name] locomotion [def] "Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another." [GOC GO:0042383+C cellular_component [name] sarcolemma [def] "The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers." [ISBN GO:0043005+C cellular_component [name] neuron projection [def] "A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite." [GOC GO:0043197+C cellular_component [name] dendritic spine [def] "Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity." [GOC GO:0043209+C cellular_component [name] myelin sheath [def] "An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0045202+C cellular_component [name] synapse [def] "The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell_ the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane_ facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane." [ISBN GO:0045822+P biological_process [name] negative regulation of heart contraction [def] "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction." [GOC GO:0045988+P biological_process [name] negative regulation of striated muscle contraction [def] "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0046034+P biological_process [name] ATP metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0051087+F molecular_function [name] chaperone binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport." [http GO:0051481+P biological_process [name] reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration [def] "Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytodol." [GOC GO:0051946+P biological_process [name] regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell." [GOC GO:0051966+P biological_process [name] regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate." [GOC GO:0055119+P biological_process [name] relaxation of cardiac muscle [def] "The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced." [GOC GO:0060048+P biological_process [name] cardiac muscle contraction [def] "Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue." [GOC GO:0071260+P biological_process [name] cellular response to mechanical stimulus [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus." [GOC GO:0071383+P biological_process [name] cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus." [GOC GO:0086004+P GO:0086009+P GO:0086012+P GO:0086064+P GO:1903170+P GO:1903280+P GO:1903416+P GO:1903561+C GO:1903779+P GO:1990239+F GO:1990573+P GO:0008144+F molecular_function [name] drug binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism_ in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0030955+F molecular_function [name] potassium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with potassium (K+) ions." [GOC GO:0031402+F molecular_function [name] sodium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sodium ions (Na+)." [GOC [19]{Rv3239c,HSD17B10} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC [Rv3239c only] GO:0004622+F molecular_function [name] lysophospholipase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0046470+P biological_process [name] phosphatidylcholine metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [HSD17B10 only] GO:0001540+F molecular_function [name] beta-amyloid binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-amyloid peptide/protein and/or its precursor." [GOC GO:0003857+F molecular_function [name] 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0004303+F molecular_function [name] estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005496+F molecular_function [name] steroid binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene." [GOC GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005759+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial matrix [def] "The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation." [GOC GO:0007569+P biological_process [name] cell aging [def] "Progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan." [GOC GO:0008033+P biological_process [name] tRNA processing [def] "The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group." [GOC GO:0008709+F molecular_function [name] cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0009083+P biological_process [name] branched chain family amino acid catabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine." [GOC GO:0016491+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC GO:0018454+F molecular_function [name] acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0030283+F molecular_function [name] testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0030331+F molecular_function [name] estrogen receptor binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor." [GOC GO:0033327+P biological_process [name] Leydig cell differentiation [def] "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis." [GOC GO:0042802+F molecular_function [name] identical protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins." [GOC GO:0044822+F GO:0047015+F molecular_function [name] 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0051287+F molecular_function [name] NAD binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions_ binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC GO:0051289+P biological_process [name] protein homotetramerization [def] "The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits." [GOC GO:0055114+P biological_process [name] oxidation-reduction process [def] "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC GO:0070901+P biological_process [name] mitochondrial tRNA methylation [def] "The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule." [GOC GO:0090646+P [20]{Rv0849,ACSBG2} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSBG2 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001676+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004467+F molecular_function [name] long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005829+C cellular_component [name] cytosol [def] "The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0007275+P biological_process [name] multicellular organismal development [def] "The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult)." [GOC GO:0007283+P biological_process [name] spermatogenesis [def] "The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016874+F molecular_function [name] ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC GO:0030154+P biological_process [name] cell differentiation [def] "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state." [ISBN GO:0031957+F molecular_function [name] very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0035338+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths ranging from C12-18." [ISBN GO:0047617+F molecular_function [name] acyl-CoA hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0102391+F [21]{Rv0849,ATP2A2} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP2A2 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0002026+P biological_process [name] regulation of the force of heart contraction [def] "Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled." [GOC GO:0005388+F molecular_function [name] calcium-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005509+F molecular_function [name] calcium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+)." [GOC GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005789+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006816+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006874+P biological_process [name] cellular calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0006984+P biological_process [name] ER-nucleus signaling pathway [def] "Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation." [GOC GO:0006996+P biological_process [name] organelle organization [def] "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0007155+P biological_process [name] cell adhesion [def] "The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules." [GOC GO:0008022+F molecular_function [name] protein C-terminus binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue." [ISBN GO:0008544+P biological_process [name] epidermis development [def] "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species." [GOC GO:0010460+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of heart rate [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction." [GOC GO:0010882+P biological_process [name] regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction." [GOC GO:0012506+C cellular_component [name] vesicle membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell." [GOC GO:0014801+C cellular_component [name] longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum [def] "The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae." [GOC GO:0014883+P biological_process [name] transition between fast and slow fiber [def] "The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation." [GOC GO:0016529+C cellular_component [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum [def] "A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell_ continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope_ that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0019899+F molecular_function [name] enzyme binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme." [GOC GO:0031095+C cellular_component [name] platelet dense tubular network membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network." [GOC GO:0031234+C cellular_component [name] extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane [def] "Loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC GO:0031775+F molecular_function [name] lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor." [GOC GO:0032469+P biological_process [name] endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings." [GOC GO:0032470+P biological_process [name] elevation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration [def] "Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0033017+C cellular_component [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0033292+P biological_process [name] T-tubule organization [def] "A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0034599+P biological_process [name] cellular response to oxidative stress [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals." [GOC GO:0034976+P biological_process [name] response to endoplasmic reticulum stress [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen." [GOC GO:0043234+C cellular_component [name] protein complex [def] "Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules." [GOC GO:0043434+P biological_process [name] response to peptide hormone stimulus [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals." [PMID GO:0044548+F GO:0045822+P biological_process [name] negative regulation of heart contraction [def] "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0048471+C cellular_component [name] perinuclear region of cytoplasm [def] "Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus." [GOC GO:0055119+P biological_process [name] relaxation of cardiac muscle [def] "The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced." [GOC GO:0070296+P biological_process [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0070588+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0086036+P GO:0086039+F GO:0090534+C GO:0097470+C GO:0098909+P GO:1903233+P GO:1903515+P GO:1903779+P GO:1990036+P GO:0014704+C cellular_component [name] intercalated disc [def] "A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes_ mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells." [GOC [22]{Rv0849,SLC27A6} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [SLC27A6 only] GO:0000038+P biological_process [name] very long chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater." [GOC GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001676+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004467+F molecular_function [name] long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006869+P biological_process [name] lipid transport [def] "The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0015245+F molecular_function [name] fatty acid transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0015908+P biological_process [name] fatty acid transport [def] "The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [GOC GO:0015909+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid transport [def] "The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is an aliphatic compound with a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length greater than C12." [GOC GO:0016874+F molecular_function [name] ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC GO:0031957+F molecular_function [name] very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042383+C cellular_component [name] sarcolemma [def] "The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers." [ISBN [23]{Rv0849,ACSL5} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSL5 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001676+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004467+F molecular_function [name] long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005634+C cellular_component [name] nucleus [def] "A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent." [GOC GO:0005730+C cellular_component [name] nucleolus [def] "A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors_ these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005741+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial outer membrane [def] "The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC GO:0005743+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial inner membrane [def] "The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae." [GOC GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005789+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016874+F molecular_function [name] ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC GO:0035338+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths ranging from C12-18." [ISBN GO:0102391+F GO:2001236+P biological_process [name] regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway." [GOC [24]{Rv0849,ATP2C1} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP2C1 only] GO:0000139+C cellular_component [name] Golgi membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus." [GOC GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0004871+F molecular_function [name] signal transducer activity [def] "Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response." [GOC GO:0005388+F molecular_function [name] calcium-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005509+F molecular_function [name] calcium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005794+C cellular_component [name] Golgi apparatus [def] "A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum_ such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function GO:0005802+C cellular_component [name] trans-Golgi network [def] "The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the side of the Golgi apparatus distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination." [GOC GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006816+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006828+P biological_process [name] manganese ion transport [def] "The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006874+P biological_process [name] cellular calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0007165+P biological_process [name] signal transduction [def] "The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell." [GOC GO:0008544+P biological_process [name] epidermis development [def] "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species." [GOC GO:0015410+F molecular_function [name] manganese-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0016339+P biological_process [name] calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion [def] "The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0030026+P biological_process [name] cellular manganese ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of manganese ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0030145+F molecular_function [name] manganese ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with manganese (Mn) ions." [GOC GO:0031532+P biological_process [name] actin cytoskeleton reorganization [def] "A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins." [GOC GO:0032468+P biological_process [name] Golgi calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings." [GOC GO:0032472+P biological_process [name] Golgi calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0043123+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0070588+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0071421+P biological_process [name] manganese ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC [25]{Rv0849,ATP7A} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP7A only] GO:0005507+F molecular_function [name] copper ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions." [GOC GO:0005794+C cellular_component [name] Golgi apparatus [def] "A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum_ such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function GO:0030001+P biological_process [name] metal ion transport [def] "The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC [26]{Rv0849,ATP1A4} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP1A4 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005391+F molecular_function [name] sodium [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0005890+C cellular_component [name] sodium [def] "Sodium GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006813+P biological_process [name] potassium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006814+P biological_process [name] sodium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006883+P biological_process [name] cellular sodium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0007283+P biological_process [name] spermatogenesis [def] "The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis." [GOC GO:0009566+P biological_process [name] fertilization [def] "The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy)." [GOC GO:0010107+P biological_process [name] potassium ion import [def] "The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC GO:0010248+P biological_process [name] establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient [def] "The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0015991+P biological_process [name] ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport [def] "The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0030007+P biological_process [name] cellular potassium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0030317+P biological_process [name] sperm motility [def] "Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell." [GOC GO:0030641+P biological_process [name] regulation of cellular pH [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0036376+P GO:0042391+P biological_process [name] regulation of membrane potential [def] "Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane." [GOC GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:1903779+P [27]{Rv0849,TAP1} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN [TAP1 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0015197+F molecular_function [name] peptide transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0015440+F molecular_function [name] peptide-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0015833+P biological_process [name] peptide transport [def] "The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0019885+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC GO:0030176+C cellular_component [name] integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0042287+F molecular_function [name] MHC protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex molecules_ a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation." [GOC GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042825+C cellular_component [name] TAP complex [def] "A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0046979+F molecular_function [name] TAP2 binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the TAP2 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein." [PMID [28]{Rv0849,ABCB9} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN [ABCB9 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0002481+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family." [GOC GO:0002485+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC GO:0002489+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family." [GOC GO:0002591+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I." [GOC GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005764+C cellular_component [name] lysosome [def] "A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions." [GOC GO:0005765+C cellular_component [name] lysosomal membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm." [GOC GO:0015031+P biological_process [name] protein transport [def] "The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0015421+F molecular_function [name] oligopeptide-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0015440+F molecular_function [name] peptide-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0015833+P biological_process [name] peptide transport [def] "The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0022891+F molecular_function [name] substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity [def] "Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC GO:0030176+C cellular_component [name] integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0035672+P biological_process [name] oligopeptide transmembrane transport [def] "The directed movement of an oligopeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages." [GOC GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC GO:0002474+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC GO:0005769+C cellular_component [name] early endosome [def] "A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis_ vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways." [GOC GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN [29]{Rv0849,ATP2C2} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP2C2 only] GO:0000139+C cellular_component [name] Golgi membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus." [GOC GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005388+F molecular_function [name] calcium-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006816+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006874+P biological_process [name] cellular calcium ion homeostasis [def] "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell." [GOC GO:0015410+F molecular_function [name] manganese-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0070588+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0071421+P biological_process [name] manganese ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC [30]{Rv0849,ACSBG1} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSBG1 only] GO:0000038+P biological_process [name] very long chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater." [GOC GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001552+P biological_process [name] ovarian follicle atresia [def] "Ovarian follicle demise mediated by apoptosis." [http GO:0001676+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004467+F molecular_function [name] long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005829+C cellular_component [name] cytosol [def] "The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016023+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle [def] "A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell." [GOC GO:0016874+F molecular_function [name] ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC GO:0031410+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasmic vesicle [def] "A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell." [GOC GO:0031957+F molecular_function [name] very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0035338+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths ranging from C12-18." [ISBN GO:0042552+P biological_process [name] myelination [def] "The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier." [GOC GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0051384+P biological_process [name] response to glucocorticoid stimulus [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects." [GOC GO:0102391+F [31]{Rv0849,ATP7B} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP7B only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005507+F molecular_function [name] copper ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions." [GOC GO:0006812+P biological_process [name] cation transport [def] "The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0019829+F molecular_function [name] cation-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0030001+P biological_process [name] metal ion transport [def] "The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0098655+P [32]{Rv3239c,ABCB6} [common GO terms] [Rv3239c only] GO:0004622+F molecular_function [name] lysophospholipase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0046470+P biological_process [name] phosphatidylcholine metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ABCB6 only] GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN [33]{Rv0849,ABCB11} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN [ABCB11 only] GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0015721+P biological_process [name] bile acid and bile salt transport [def] "The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction [34]{Rv0849,ABCB8} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN [ABCB8 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005215+F molecular_function [name] transporter activity [def] "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005634+C cellular_component [name] nucleus [def] "A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent." [GOC GO:0005730+C cellular_component [name] nucleolus [def] "A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors_ these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005740+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial envelope [def] "The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm_ includes the intermembrane space." [GOC GO:0005743+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial inner membrane [def] "The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0043190+C cellular_component [name] ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex [def] "A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains_ two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter." [GOC [35]{Rv0849,ACSL6} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSL6 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001676+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004467+F molecular_function [name] long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005741+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial outer membrane [def] "The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC GO:0005777+C cellular_component [name] peroxisome [def] "A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules_ contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [ISBN GO:0005778+C cellular_component [name] peroxisomal membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome." [GOC GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005789+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006637+P biological_process [name] acyl-CoA metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0016874+F molecular_function [name] ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC GO:0019899+F molecular_function [name] enzyme binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme." [GOC GO:0031090+C cellular_component [name] organelle membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle." [GOC GO:0035338+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths ranging from C12-18." [ISBN GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0102391+F [36]{Rv0849,ABCB5} [common GO terms] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [Rv0849 only] [ABCB5 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0002481+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family." [GOC GO:0002485+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC GO:0002489+P biological_process [name] antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent [def] "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family." [GOC GO:0002591+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006855+P biological_process [name] drug transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a drug is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0008559+F molecular_function [name] xenobiotic-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0015562+F molecular_function [name] efflux transmembrane transporter activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane." [GOC GO:0016887+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0030154+P biological_process [name] cell differentiation [def] "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state." [ISBN GO:0042391+P biological_process [name] regulation of membrane potential [def] "Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane." [GOC GO:0042626+F molecular_function [name] ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0042908+P biological_process [name] xenobiotic transport [def] "The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0048058+P biological_process [name] compound eye corneal lens development [def] "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells." [GOC [37]{Rv0849,ATP2A1} [common GO terms] GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ATP2A1 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0005388+F molecular_function [name] calcium-transporting ATPase activity [def] "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction GO:0005509+F molecular_function [name] calcium ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+)." [GOC GO:0005515+F molecular_function [name] protein binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules)." [GOC GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005789+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0005793+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment [def] "A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition_ involved in ER-to-Golgi transport." [GOC GO:0005887+C cellular_component [name] integral to plasma membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC GO:0006811+P biological_process [name] ion transport [def] "The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006816+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transport [def] "The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0006942+P biological_process [name] regulation of striated muscle contraction [def] "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0008637+P biological_process [name] apoptotic mitochondrial changes [def] "The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis." [GOC GO:0016529+C cellular_component [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum [def] "A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell_ continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope_ that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage." [GOC GO:0016787+F molecular_function [name] hydrolase activity [def] "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3." [ISBN GO:0031095+C cellular_component [name] platelet dense tubular network membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network." [GOC GO:0031448+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0031673+C cellular_component [name] H zone [def] "A relatively pale zone traversing the center of the A band of a sarcomere, visible in relaxed muscle fibers_ consists of the central portion of thick (myosin) filaments that are not overlapped by thin (actin) filaments." [GOC GO:0031674+C cellular_component [name] I band [def] "A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments_ contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin_ each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end." [ISBN GO:0032470+P biological_process [name] elevation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration [def] "Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0032471+P biological_process [name] reduction of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration [def] "Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0033017+C cellular_component [name] sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0034220+P biological_process [name] ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0034704+C cellular_component [name] calcium channel complex [def] "An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass." [GOC GO:0034976+P biological_process [name] response to endoplasmic reticulum stress [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen." [GOC GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC GO:0045988+P biological_process [name] negative regulation of striated muscle contraction [def] "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction." [GOC GO:0046872+F molecular_function [name] metal ion binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion." [GOC GO:0048471+C cellular_component [name] perinuclear region of cytoplasm [def] "Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus." [GOC GO:0051561+P biological_process [name] elevation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration [def] "Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria." [GOC GO:0051659+P biological_process [name] maintenance of mitochondrion location [def] "Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere." [GOC GO:0070059+P biological_process [name] apoptosis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress [def] "Apoptosis that occurs in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen." [GOC GO:0070509+P biological_process [name] calcium ion import [def] "The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle." [GOC GO:0070588+P biological_process [name] calcium ion transmembrane transport [def] "A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0090076+P biological_process [name] relaxation of skeletal muscle [def] "A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases." [GOC GO:1903779+P [38]{Rv0849,ACSL1} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSL1 only] GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC [39]{Rv0849,ACSL4} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [ACSL4 only] GO:0000166+F molecular_function [name] nucleotide binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose." [GOC GO:0001676+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18." [GOC GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004467+F molecular_function [name] long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005524+F molecular_function [name] ATP binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [ISBN GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005741+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial outer membrane [def] "The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC GO:0005777+C cellular_component [name] peroxisome [def] "A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules_ contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [ISBN GO:0005778+C cellular_component [name] peroxisomal membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome." [GOC GO:0005783+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum [def] "The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN GO:0005789+C cellular_component [name] endoplasmic reticulum membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC GO:0005811+C cellular_component [name] lipid particle [def] "Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a cell. May include associated proteins." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006641+P biological_process [name] triglyceride metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins." [ISBN GO:0007584+P biological_process [name] response to nutrient [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus." [GOC GO:0008152+P biological_process [name] metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation." [GOC GO:0008610+P biological_process [name] lipid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent." [GOC GO:0015908+P biological_process [name] fatty acid transport [def] "The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [GOC GO:0016874+F molecular_function [name] ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate." [EC GO:0030182+P biological_process [name] neuron differentiation [def] "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron." [GOC GO:0030307+P biological_process [name] positive regulation of cell growth [def] "Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth." [GOC GO:0031090+C cellular_component [name] organelle membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle." [GOC GO:0031957+F molecular_function [name] very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0031966+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrial membrane [def] "Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope." [GOC GO:0032307+P biological_process [name] negative regulation of prostaglandin secretion [def] "Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell or group of cells." [GOC GO:0035338+P biological_process [name] long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths ranging from C12-18." [ISBN GO:0043025+C cellular_component [name] neuronal cell body [def] "The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections such as axons and dendrites." [GOC GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0044233+C cellular_component [name] ER-mitochondrion membrane contact site [def] "A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange." [GOC GO:0047676+F molecular_function [name] arachidonate-CoA ligase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0060136+P biological_process [name] embryonic process involved in female pregnancy [def] "A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother." [GOC GO:0060996+P biological_process [name] dendritic spine development [def] "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission." [GOC GO:0070062+C cellular_component [name] extracellular vesicular exosome [def] "A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0070672+P biological_process [name] response to interleukin-15 [def] "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus." [GOC GO:0102391+F [40]{Rv0849,HSD17B4} [common GO terms] GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [HSD17B4 only] GO:0000038+P biological_process [name] very long chain fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater." [GOC GO:0001649+P biological_process [name] osteoblast differentiation [def] "The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, the mesodermal cell that gives rise to bone." [CL GO:0003857+F molecular_function [name] 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0005102+F molecular_function [name] receptor binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function." [GOC GO:0005739+C cellular_component [name] mitochondrion [def] "A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration." [ISBN GO:0005777+C cellular_component [name] peroxisome [def] "A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules_ contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [ISBN GO:0005778+C cellular_component [name] peroxisomal membrane [def] "The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome." [GOC GO:0005782+C cellular_component [name] peroxisomal matrix [def] "The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome_ in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006635+P biological_process [name] fatty acid beta-oxidation [def] "A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A_ the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively)." [GOC GO:0006699+P biological_process [name] bile acid biosynthetic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile." [GOC GO:0008209+P biological_process [name] androgen metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics." [ISBN GO:0008210+P biological_process [name] estrogen metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants." [ISBN GO:0016491+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC GO:0016508+F molecular_function [name] long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0016616+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP." [GOC GO:0016829+F molecular_function [name] lyase activity [def] "Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring." [EC GO:0016853+F molecular_function [name] isomerase activity [def] "Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5." [ISBN GO:0033540+P biological_process [name] fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase [def] "A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase_ the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively)." [GOC GO:0033989+F molecular_function [name] 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0036109+P GO:0036111+P GO:0036112+P GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC GO:0043231+C cellular_component [name] intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [def] "Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0044594+F GO:0055114+P biological_process [name] oxidation-reduction process [def] "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC GO:0060009+P biological_process [name] Sertoli cell development [def] "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate." [GOC [41]{Rv0849,HPGD} [common GO terms] [Rv0849 only] GO:0005886+C cellular_component [name] plasma membrane [def] "The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins." [ISBN GO:0006810+P biological_process [name] transport [def] "The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC GO:0016020+C cellular_component [name] membrane [def] "Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles_ may be a single or double lipid bilayer_ also includes associated proteins." [GOC GO:0016021+C cellular_component [name] integral to membrane [def] "Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane." [GOC GO:0055085+P biological_process [name] transmembrane transport [def] "The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC [HPGD only] GO:0003824+F molecular_function [name] catalytic activity [def] "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic." [ISBN GO:0004957+F molecular_function [name] prostaglandin E receptor activity [def] "Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity." [ISBN GO:0005654+C cellular_component [name] nucleoplasm [def] "That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus." [GOC GO:0005737+C cellular_component [name] cytoplasm [def] "All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures." [ISBN GO:0005829+C cellular_component [name] cytosol [def] "The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC GO:0006629+P biological_process [name] lipid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids_ neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps_ long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes_ sphingoids and other long-chain bases_ glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids_ and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC GO:0006631+P biological_process [name] fatty acid metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN GO:0006693+P biological_process [name] prostaglandin metabolic process [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities." [ISBN GO:0007179+P biological_process [name] transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway [def] "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC GO:0007565+P biological_process [name] female pregnancy [def] "The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth." [ISBN GO:0007567+P biological_process [name] parturition [def] "The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs." [ISBN GO:0016323+C cellular_component [name] basolateral plasma membrane [def] "The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis." [GOC GO:0016404+F molecular_function [name] 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity [def] "Catalysis of the reaction GO:0016491+F molecular_function [name] oxidoreductase activity [def] "Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced." [GOC GO:0019372+P biological_process [name] lipoxygenase pathway [def] "The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase." [GOC GO:0030728+P biological_process [name] ovulation [def] "The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary." [GOC GO:0042803+F molecular_function [name] protein homodimerization activity [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer." [GOC GO:0045786+P biological_process [name] negative regulation of cell cycle [def] "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle." [GOC GO:0051287+F molecular_function [name] NAD binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions_ binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC GO:0055114+P biological_process [name] oxidation-reduction process [def] "A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC GO:0070062+C cellular_component [name] extracellular vesicular exosome [def] "A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane." [GOC GO:0070403+F molecular_function [name] NAD+ binding [def] "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions." [GOC GO:0070493+P biological_process [name] thrombin receptor signaling pathway [def] "The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands." [GOC GO:0097070+P biological_process [name] ductus arteriosus closure [def] "The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs." [GOC GO:2001300+P