xread 491 36 Shunosaurus_lii 10001000000???000?00?0000000000001?00000000000000??0?0?000000?00?000000?00?00000?0?00000?000?000000000100000000000?00?000000000000100?000000000?0??00????0??0101??0000?000?1000???00?0000000??000?000000?00000??000?100???00?00011?0000000?01??1??0??1???0??1000000?1?000?00?00?00010000?000?000?000?00000000?001?0?10?1?000??00?0000?0000??0?000000?0000?0?0000000?00?0010?00?10?0?0010100?001000000101??000010?01?00000000000?00000000000000000??0?0000111??000?00???0?00100??0?0??0001010010?00000101?00 Omeisaurus 10001011000???000?00?0000000000010?00101000000000??0?0??00000000010?0?0?00?10??10?000??0000??01000?0????0000000000?00?000000010002?110011110?00??????????0??0010100?00?102?10011000010?100??0?0000000100?00100??00??0?0???00100000?0010111000000??00000??0??0010001000010?0000011010?1020?0?01000?0??0110000000010001000?0?0??0000000?00?0?00000010??000000?0000100???201000?0??100?0010000?010010001?21?1000?210101110000000100000100000101000000000?10010000?000001000010000000000?0000010010?11000000000 Mamenchisaurus 100000110?????000?00?0010000100010??01010000000000?001?0000010001000000000?010000?0?000?0000??100000000?0000?001000000000000010012111101111?01?3?0?00????0???01010???0?10001001000???00000?0??00000001?0?0000010000?1000000000?0?????10111100000000?0000?0000011001010010?0000001010?102001001001000?00110000?000?00100003?0??0?0000000000?00000000??00?0?0?0000000??0?0100????0??100?0?1??010?00?00?011??000010110?00??0110010?000100?0000100010?00?1100100??0000001000?10?0??01000??0?00??000????00?11?00 Jobaria_tiguidensis 10000001?0000?000?00?001000010000?01010100???00000?0?0???00000000100000000?10?0???1?01000??0???0????????0?00000??0?000000000000000?10?010100010?1??0?????00?110000011?01?0?10010000000?10100100000100000?1010011001?000???100000001000??10??00000?0???0??0???100000?001110?00000000101000000?0?00000?0?11?000?0010000?0??000??0000000100010010?00000?000000?101000100?0?1011000?????0??0111???00?0101?11?00000?11101110?1100010?000000?10001?00100010010010110010?001000110?1???1?011??0?00???????????????? Camarasaurus 1000110110000?000?00?00100001000000100110011100000?001000000001111010001000100000000010000001100000000010000000110001000000001011001100?0110010100000010000102001010100100?10011001?000000000?01001000?000001001001000000000000001000101110000001000000000010101101000110?00100100111112100101011010002110010?0010001000?000??0000000110?10010001100?010000?000001000000010100?0001200001110000012100011000101211110011011101200000010100010000100010?2101011001010001100000110010110000000?011?00000001000 Giraffatitan_brancai 11001111000100001000000100001000001101000011100011010100000000001001000000100100010100001000111000000110000000011001100[0 1][0 1]0100101001111111100111?0?10?11001?010101000100112010010000011010101110011100210??01111?00??00????0000000010?111110000001?0?100000??0001001100011?0010111111101200010101000001111001000010000?00?1111100[0 1]0100100011010000000?001001?1011011[0 1]003?01100[0 1]0?000200111100[0 1]10112000?3001111101010011101111120001000110001000011001001112010001011001101111111010100?10?00?000?0?0?0001100 Brachiosaurus_altithorax 110??111?0????????0???0??00110??10?1?1??0???????0????1???????0?0?10?0???00?0??0??01??102???????00??????????????????1100000?001?10??111??1???????????????????????????0????0????????????????11???????0??????0???????????????0??????????1??110001000?0?0????????001?01000111100001110111012000101011000?121?0000?00?0000?0??0?0????0000000001?0100010?0?????????????1?????????????????????????????00?????30??1111??????????1????2??110101?01?????????????111200?1010?0???????????????????????????????????????? Ligabuesaurus_leanzai ??????????0?????0?0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????000101001010?2111???100000?1?????????????????????????????1100???0??0010??01000001?0?0010???000?0?1???0????????????111100101??0???1??1???00?001?00??11????0?10110?12???000001?0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????001201?10000110???????30?0111???????????11???1????????????????????????0112???0000?0000?1?0001????01??1?1100?011?0000??????? Isisaurus_colberti ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?11110?0100000?0????????????1??01??10?000?1010??????0?000?0??01000000?0?00000??000?001???0???0001000??1111001010?1????1?0??10?000100011100000000010???2??00??????0???0200???000?000?????3?0??0000000?000100101000010101021010000?1?????01100???1???00?1010001000??????0??110?0111??????????????0110011000?00101000100????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Haplocanthosaurus_priscus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?11100?0110?00?0????????????1?0101110?000110010001??1?001000?00100001?0?0000?1000??10????011??0?????01110?011000?01000110??0001001010111000001100110101000101001000000111000?001?1010000001000000000000010011000000?010000?101001????1001??00??0?0200?0101000001???????????????????????????????010000110001000010010010010100000?0??????????????1????????????????????????? Limaysaurus_tessonei ??????????????????????1?00000101010001101?????1?00?201?0020000211010000?11?00?010011?010000?000100101?0?1?????????????0?01?1?1110?111000000000??0????????????2?1110000?000?1001001???00000001000100001?0??1000??000?000???011??00??0?1??110?1?100?1???0001???0??001010?10?000010??10???0?1?11?11??01?0???????001101011?10001???0?1?0??11110010100000?0020?0?100?01111??101??????121?11?00001001002????00?11001111?0??1????00????????11?0?001111110010?10010110001?00???0???011???1???1?1110?02??0??0??????? Cathartesaura_anaerobica ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0??110000?00????0?????????????????????????????10010????0?0?01000000001?0??1010??000?1?0???0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????001?0001?010000???001100??1111?1?10?000?002010?000?1??????0????????121011??????00?????????????????????????????????????01?????????????????10010110?01?0???????????????????????????????????????? Zapalasaurus_bonapartei ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1????01?0????0???????????????1?0?00?00??10?????0????????????0??00???0??1???0????????????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11????1????000??10?10?0???0??0?010??00?102000?101001?????????????????????????????????????????????1111001????????????????????0?0100000100????????????0?100000?0??????????0111???????0????????? Nigersaurus_taqueti 0?11211000?01?1?0?01?01000000101010?011011?01?11???201?00200002??010?0001?1?0?0101110110101100110?1??10?1?0201011212010101110111001110000100010?0????????????1?11100000111?10011010?00?0?011101000000110?01000?1001?00????0010000?10?1??11011110??0?1???0????0??001010011000011?0??0??000?0?11111001?????????111???????1?000???0??????1101?0?01001?0?102??0?10?????10???????????120010?001010000???????0?01?0??1??0?00???????????0??1?????0?1?1?100100?0?1??10101?0??????0011???110????????????????0??????? Demandasaurus_darwini 0??12???0????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0????0?2???0011?111???110?00?000????????????00?12??1?0?00???0????100?0??????0?010000000???1??1??0??0?1???????01100000000???1101???0??0?0?????????????101??10??001????10?1000?111111???2?????????1112?001?0100?0??0001100?11?100100010011113010?1?1101?????0???000??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1110100100100201001010????????????????????????????????????????? Dicraeosaurus_hansemanni 0?111??0111110??110?0?1?00011000101000??0???????110????????01101111010010100111110000000010?012111000101?11110???11111011111100110010?00100001000011????00011200000110000002110?1000100001000?0000000000?000000000001101111010100000?00110?011010100000?00100000100?1011100010110010?001?10100011002000101010001000014011[0 1]10??0000100011010111001000?0130000000001000?1000001101011200111?0001?00??????1?0100011100000??????????100110?002010101011011110011010000100000111011111100?100001111111000??????? Brachytrachelopan_mesai ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??10?00010000???1??????????????0?01?00000?111100?00?1?100?00???00100000?001000?000010?1100010?0?????10?00?01101??000?0?00101?00100?10110?0010100010?100?10100001002????0?010???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?110????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Amargasaurus_cazaui ????????????????????????000110000?0000?00???????0??????????111110011110101011111000100000??00?211101110?????????????????????????1001??00000000?0?0?10001010002??0001000000?211101000?1?00011100?100000?0?00000??000?000010011?00?0????0?00?01101?1????0?01001??0100??1??1000?0100010?000?1010?001012??21??0??0011???1????01???0??1?????10?0??????0?0??10?1???0???1???????????????1??0??????0??????????01011000001?1??0??????????100010?10?????????????1001?01?000?00???10??01???11???????????????????????11 Suuwassea_emilieae 0?111??00?0????????????????0???0??0100??0??????1???1000?1?10111101101001001011?110000002011010?1?????11???1110???11?2?????1110011?0110011100010?11?11?1?0000020101010000010110??001?001101110?0000010?000?0?????????1011110110010??00?1111000?0??????001111000??????????????????????????????????????002??????????10??????1110?1???????????????????00?113010????0???00????0??????011100101?1001000?00???2001001??????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?11100????????1?100011110010?????01?1 Amphicoelias_altus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?????????????1??001000?0?1????????0????100011100010001010?000000100010001???????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0100010?00000???????????????????????????????????????? Apatosaurus_ajax ??????????????????????????1????01?010??????????1???1101?111???1??0?0?00100010?010011010200101??1?0??????????????????????????????1??1100?0110010??1????????????????????0100001010101?000001001011101000?00001100000?100110001110001001?011??0010?0?0?1?010101?0???0110???0??11???001???1100??10?11??100???1010100?1001?0011110?01?01?0111111010001000?010000000?0?????????0?11???0102001?0?0101010??0???????????111???????????????????????10?01??001011???????0?00?0????????0??????????????????????????????? Apatosaurus_louisae 0?112110?10010111011011011101??010010?1101??011100?1100?111011100010?00100000001001001010110100100001??011???????1?1?????111100111[1 2]1??0?01100101?0?1?0001?00?11110?001001001101[0 1]101?0[0 1]0001001011101000?1000[0 1]00[0 1]0001000110001111111?112001??0010001001110?001110000110001100010000010?10[0 1]0101100111011101?0???0000110130?11?10000[0 1]011010111101001000[0 1]00100000[0 1]000010111200001100001110011010011010????102000001101011112111011010000010?00101?001011010210111000000000001011011011100??001011121010??0111110 Brontosaurus_excelsus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?11??0?0110?0???0??????????????10????11?001??10101??00001000?11?01000?000?0101?00??011000011110010012011??001000?01[0 1]001?0010000001000011000[0 1]0000?10?11001011001?1010111?1010010?10012?011110?0100110111111010001110?0100?0?00001?????01?0?[0 1][0 1]???01010001011101010[0 1][0 1][0 1]0?020000011???1101??????????10?011?[0 1]010100010[0 1]1010210101010[0 1]0000?011??0011111110??????????????????????? Brontosaurus_yahnahpin ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?2110?11110010?00???????000020010001?10??????????1?0??????????1???00?????????1?????0111000??1?10??0????1???0?0?0?0?1?0?0100??????1?00??10001???1011010?101110010001000???????10?1???????1110??0001?01111100100?1110?01?000?100001??????????????001200010010010001100??200000110101110211111?0?1????????????????????????????????????0001011011111100?0?0?1???????10?1?11??? Brontosaurus_parvus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1111100?111001[0 1]210???????00?2[1 2]0[0 1]101000000001001[0 1]101?000101000?11011000?0001010[0 1][0 1]00?[0 1]01[0 1]100011100011012[0 1]111000?000001000111110001101[0 1]1001101010010?1101101?10100100?100010?0100[0 1]001001?00110100010011011111101000[0 1][0 1][0 1]0?0100000[0 1]000?1?????1?0?11???0112000[0 1]00100[0 1]010?????0200000[0 1]11[0 1][0 1]110121110100010001101001010001?11010110001[0 1]000[0 1]100??11??1[0 1]????????????????12?00?00??????? Tornieria_africana ?????????????????????????01?1??00?0?1????????????????????????1111111????0011000101101001011101?1?0????0????????????????????????????1??1?1??0?????????????????????????????2??00??011???????????0??0????????????????????1100?????1???????????00?0??????????00??????????????????????????????????????????0???????????0?01????2111????0110?????????????01[0 1]10?010?0??0?1??????????????011001000110010??1001?110000011111??????????????00011??00???010110101111010000000010???10??011??1100?????????????????????10 Supersaurus_vivianae ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?1110011001?0???0?????????????01??1?1011[1 2]0100111[0 1]0[0 1]1101111111?000110??????010????????????0????1????????110000000?000?0?10??00000111001111[0 1][0 1]11001?1100020111[0 1]00110001111??111010?1101?[0 1]011110?0[0 1]0011011111101001010101100000101001?????01001000?01120100111010000???????????????????????????????000111?102000000101010??????????????11010101??????????????????????????????? Supersaurus_lourinhanensis ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??111?00??1???????????????????????????????11000?11?11?????10?1?10110?000100?011?01????00???10010??011????1000?000?0010??00000111101110111000101100??01111001101?111????????0?0??1????2011??1??????????????????01??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Leinkupal_laticauda ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?0101?1??2?1???000101??111??1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Galeamopus_hayi ??????????????????????1?111?1?0010?111??0?????????????????????2?10000101001110010010110101111101?000010?????????????????????????1??1??1?10010111?1???????????1??10????101001001100?????11111101001?001?0?0?11000110011?1000??00100100?1?1???0?0??????001?11?00??1?1??????????????0?????????1???????????1??11??????111??012?11???1?1?1?1???????????1101100?001010010?????????????011101000010010002000??101?00120110010101100?001000010?1010?000?1?1010???????????????10010?111101?01????????1??01?11??????? Galeamopus_pabsti 0?11211011011111111111101110101010011?1101?1001111011001111011210101?1000011000100111002010111?1100011001?10001111011?11011110011[1 2]111011110101021011111100102211100111101111001100000001110010110100100000111001111011?10000100100100?10110?0?0?0?0??00?1?10?1?1101?1011100010??10?0?10110010?0100?0001?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????021101000?1001000??????2011001111111101011100011?0001?01?100000???????110101?00000??1000101111101101?11010111200110110100?? Diplodocus_carnegii ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1111101111[0 1]00111?0???????101201010?0011001010011000??00111001010[0 1]0110100010100[0 1]0111011010001100100100211110001000001[0 1]00[0 1]111101011011101111111000001101111011001111111?011011110010111410121111111011111111101001110111021100100101????40000[0 1]00010111010[0 1]0010010001[0 1]00???????????????????????????100[0 1]100[0 1]02010[0 1]0000101011010?010000010100?11111001100?0?0001110?11??11?100?? Diplodocus_hallorum ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?11??1?1100010??0????????????????????????0???1100???0011100101000?101?0?10010?0110?01010001100?00100211110?0100100110011111000?101000111[0 1]1110000[0 1]1101?110110001111[0 1]10011?1111000011141012?111111011111111101001[0 1]1011102111[0 1]11001111??40000[0 1]0111[0 1]11101000[0 1]1[0 1]11000?????0110000?10?101?0??????????100110?102[0 1]101001[0 1]101101010[0 1]??000?010?00?11[0 1]1???1100??10?01111?1100?11111?? Kaatedocus_siberi 0?01211001010?1?11011110001?0?100101011?0????0111111101110101111[0 1]101110000[0 1]11101000[0 1]1201[0 1]10101111010[0 1]?0???1000?1?1011?????1110?11?11??011000010200010000000?10000000101111[0 1]100110000001111110?100001010011011001010011111100100100100????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10 Barosaurus_lentus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?111011100[0 1]11[0 1]20[0 1]????????????????????11120100111001000111111[0 1]10111102000101011011101111001110?100100311110001000001[0 1]00101110001101110[0 1]111111000[0 1][0 1]1101[0 1]10011000[0 1]10[0 1]01?[0 1]110111100001113[0 1]1121110110011111111001001[0 1]10101031000100101?1??300000010?011001000?10110001100?10110001???????????????????001??010101000?101010110111???0?001???0???111111101?100001111001?0111??0?? Lingwulongtotal ????????????????????????00011??01100?1??0??????????????????1101111?10?0?00?11?1?010100000???1011?1????0??????????0??1?011011?0011?010?100000000??0???????????????????000000111[0 1]00100100100000?0000?00??00000?0?10?0?1000100?10???????10000?0110?000?0???00101000?00?1001100010??001111?0?1?100001001100101010010?0001?010000??000010?001000000?01000?003000?0000???????0?00000??12120010?01001100??????110000????????????????????0??0000?20?000?1?1100?001????0000001??00???11??1000?????????????????????11 ; cnames {0 'Premaxilla, anterior margin, step-like transition to nasal process: absent (0); {1 'Premaxilla, anterior margin, step-like transition to nasal process, position of inflection point in lateral view: close to subnarial foramen (0); {2 > DV 1 (1).' anteroventrally orientated vascular grooves originating from an opening in the maxillary contact (0); {3 'Premaxilla, shape in dorsal view: main body massive, with proportionally short ascending process distinct (0); {4 'Premaxilla, angle between lateral and medial margins of premaxilla as seen in dorsal view: > 40? (0); {5 'Premaxilla, posteroventral edge of ascending process, shape in lateral view: concave (0); {6 ' Premaxilla, posteroventral edge of ascending process, orientation of ventral-most portion: vertical (0); {7 'Premaxilla, posterolateral process and the lateral process of the maxillary, shape: without midline contact (0); {8 'Premaxilla, dorsoventral depth of anterior portion: remains the same as posteriorly, or widens gradually (0); {9 'Subnarial foramen and anterior maxillary foramen, position: well distanced from one another (0); {10 'Maxilla, large foramen anterior to the preantorbital fossa, separated by a narrow bony bridge: absent (0); {11 'Maxilla, large foramen posterior to anterior maxillary foramen, dorsal to preantorbital fossa: absent (0); {12 'Anterior maxillary foramen, location: detached from maxillary-premaxillary boundary, facing dorsally (0); {13 (1) canal connecting the antorbital fenestra and the preantorbital fossa: absent (0); {14 (2) dorsal process, posterior extent: anterior to or even with posterior process (0); {15 'Maxilla-quadratojugal contact: absent or small (0); {16 'Preantorbital fossa: absent (0); {17 'Preantorbital fossa, if present: with relatively indistinct borders (0); {18 or more posteriorly (4).' absent (0); {19 'Antorbital fenestra, maximum diameter: much shorter (<90%) than orbital maximum diameter (0); {20 'Antorbital fenestra, anterior extension: is restricted posterior to preantorbital fossa (0); {21 'Antorbital fenestra, shape of dorsal margin: straight or convex (0); {22 'External nares, position: retracted to level of orbit, facing laterally (0); {23 'External nares, maximum diameter: shorter than orbital maximum diameter (0); {24 'Prefrontal, medial margin, shape: without distinct anteromedial projection (0); {25 'Prefrontal, posterior process size: small, not projecting far posterior of frontal-nasal suture (0); {26 'Prefrontal, posterior process shape: flat (0); {27 'Frontals, midline contact (symphysis): patent suture (0); {28 'Frontal, anteroposterior length: long, > 1.4 times minimum transverse width (0); {29 'Frontal-nasal suture, shape: flat or slightly bowed anteriorly (0); {30 'Frontals, distinct anterior notch medially between the two elements: absent (0); {31 'Frontals, dorsal surface: without paired grooves facing anterodorsally (0); {32 'Frontal, lateral edge in dorsal view: relatively straight (0); {33 'Frontal, contribution to dorsal margin of orbit: less than 1.5 times the contribution of prefrontal (0); {34 'Frontal, free lateral margin: rugose (0); {35 'Frontal, contribution to margin of supratemporal fenestra/fossa: present (0); {36 'Frontal-parietal suture, position of medial portion: closer to anterior extension of supratemporal fenestra (0); {37 'Pineal (parietal) foramen between frontals and parietals: present (0); {38 'Orbit, anterior-most point: anterior to the anterior extremity of lateral temporal fenestra (0); {39 'Orbital ventral margin, anteroposterior length: broad, with subcircular orbital margin (0); {40 'Postorbital, posterior process: present (0); {41 'Jugal, contribution to antorbital fenestra: very reduced or absent (0); {42 'Jugal, contact with ectopterygoid: present (0); {43 'Jugal, posteroventral process: short and broad (0); {44 'Jugal, dorsal process: present (0); {45 'Jugal, anterior spur dorsally, which projects into antorbital fenestra: absent (0); {46 'Quadratojugal, position of anterior terminus: posterior to middle of orbit (0); {47 'Quadratojugal, angle between anterior and dorsal processes: less than or equal to 90?, so that the quadrate shaft is directed dorsally (0); {48 'Lacrimal, anterior process: absent (0); {49 'Lacrimal, dorsal portion of lateral edge, eminence: absent (0); {50 'Lacrimal, dorsal portion of lateral edge, eminence, shape: shallow bulge (0); {51 'Quadrate, articular surface shape: quadrangular in ventral view, orientated transversely (0); {52 'Quadrate, short transverse ridge medially on posterior side of ventral ramus, close to the articular surface with the lower jaw: absent (0); {53 'Quadrate fossa, depth: shallow (0); {54 'Quadrate, shallow, second fossa medial to pterygoid flange on quadrate shaft (not the quadrate fossa): absent (0); {55 'Quadrate, dorsal margin: concave, such that pterygoid flange is distinct from quadrate shaft (0); {56 'Quadrate, posterior end (posterior to posterior-most extension of pterygoid ramus): short and robust (0); {57 'Squamosal, anterior extent: restricted to postorbital region (0); {58 'Squamosal-quadratojugal contact: present (0); {59 'Squamosal, posteroventral margin: smooth, or with short and blunt ventral projection (0); {60 'Squamosal, posteroventral margin: smooth, without ventral projection (0); {61 'Parietal, contribution to post-temporal fenestra: present (0); {62 'Parietal, portion contributing to skull roof, anteroposterior length/transverse width: wide, > 50% (0); {63 'Parietal, distance separating supratemporal fenestrae: less than 1.5 times the width of the long axis of the supratemporal fenestra (0); {64 'Parietal, posterolateral process, dorsal edge in posterior view: straight, and ventrolaterally oriented, so that the supratemporal fenestra is slightly facing posteriorly as well (0); {65 'Parietal, occipital process, dorsoventral height: low, subequal to less than the diameter of the foramen magnum (0); {66 'Parietal, occipital process, distal end: ventrolaterally oriented, such that dorsolateral edge is straight or convex (0); {67 'Parietal, distinct horizontal ridge separating dorsal from posterior portion: absent, transition more or less confluent (0); {68 'Postparietal foramen: absent (0); {69 'Paroccipital process (popr), posterior face: smooth/flat (0); {70 'Paroccipital process distal terminus: expanded vertically (0); {71 'Paroccipital process, distal end in lateral view: straight (0); {72 'Supratemporal fenestra: present, relatively large (anteroposterior diameter is at least 5% of occiput width) (0); {73 'Supratemporal fenestra, maximum diameter: more than 1.2 times greatest diameter of foramen magnum (0); {74 'Supraoccipital, anterodorsal margin: internally concave, associated with a channel extending ventrally on the internal face (0); {75 'Supraoccipital, dorsal extension: high and vaulted, such that the dorsolateral edges are strongly sinuous (0); {76 'Supraoccipital: sagittal nuchal crest: broad, weakly developed (0); {77 'Supraoccipital, foramen close to contact with parietal: absent (0); {78 'Crista prootica, size: rudimentary (0); {79 'Occipital condyle, articular surface: well offset from condylar neck (0); {80 'Basioccipital, contribution to dorsal side of occipital condylar neck: present and broad, around 1/3 of entire dorsal side (0); {81 'Basioccipital, distance from base of occipital condyle to base of basal tubera (best visible in lateral view): short, such that area is gently U-shaped in lateral view (0); {82 'Basioccipital depression between foramen magnum and basal tubera: absent (0); {83 'Basioccipital, pit between occipital condyle and basal tubera: absent (0); {84 'Basal tubera: globular (0); {85 'Basal tubera, breadth: <1.3 times (0); {86 'Basal tubera: distinct from basipterygoid (0); {87 'Basal tubera, shape of posterior face: convex (0); {88 'Basal tubera, posteroventral face: continuous (0); {89 'Basal tubera, longest axes: parallel (0); {90 'Basal tubera, anterior edge: straight or convex (0); {91 'Basal tubera in posterior view: facing ventrolaterally (0); {92 'Basal tubera, foramen in notch that separates the two tubera: absent (0); {93 'Basisphenoid/basipterygoid recess: absent (0); {94 'Basipterygoid processes: widely diverging (> 60?) (0); {95 'Basipterygoid processes, orientation: directed more than 75? to skull roof (normally perpendicular) (0); {96 'Basipterygoid processes, ratio of length:basal transverse diameter: < 4 (0); {97 'Basipterygoid, area between the basipterygoid processes and parasphenoid rostrum: is a mildly concave subtriangular region (0); {98 'Basipterygoid processes, orientation of proximal-most portions: same as central portion of shaft (0); {99 'Basipterygoid processes, distal end in anterior view: straight (0); {100 'Basipterygoid processes, distal lateral expansion: absent (0); {101 'Parasphenoid rostrum, groove on dorsal edge: absent (0); {102 'Optic foramen: paired (0); {103 'Palatobasal contact, shape: pterygoid with small facet (0); {104 'Pterygoid, transverse flange (i.e. ectopterygoid process) position: between orbit and antorbital fenestra (0); {105 'Vomer, anterior articulation: premaxilla (0); {106 'Dentary, anteroventral margin shape: gently rounded (0); {107 'Dentary, cross-sectional shape of symphysis: oblong or rectangular (0); {108 'Dentary, tuberosity on labial surface near symphysis: absent (0); {109 'Dentary, anterolateral corner: not expanded laterally beyond mandibular ramus (0); {110 'Mandible, coronoid eminence: strongly expressed, clearly rising above plane of dentigerous portion (0); {111 'Surangular foramen: absent (0); {112 'External mandibular fenestra: present (0); {113 'Snout shape in dorsal view: premaxilla-maxilla index (PMI; {114 'Shape of tooth row in occlusal view: follows curvature of dentary (0); {115 'Tooth rows, length: restricted anterior to orbit (0); {116 'Dentary teeth, number: greater than 17 (0); {117 'Replacement teeth per alveolus, number: three or fewer (0); {118 'Teeth, crown-to-crown occlusion: present (0); {119 'Teeth, wear facets shape: v-shaped (0); {120 'Teeth, occlusal pattern: paired wear facets (0); {121 'Teeth, SI values for tooth crowns: < 3.4 (0); {122 'Tooth crowns, orientation: aligned slightly anterolingually, tooth crowns overlap (0); {123 'Tooth crowns, cross-sectional shape at midcrown: D-shaped (0); {124 'Teeth, orientation relative to long axis of jaw: perpendicular (0); {125 'Teeth, longitudinal grooves on lingual aspect: absent (0); {126 'Teeth, thickness of enamel asymmetric labiolingually: absent (0); {127 'Teeth, marginal denticles: present (0); {128 'Presacral neural spines, bifurcation: absent (0); {129 'Number of cervical vertebrae: < 13 (0); {130 'Cervical vertebrae width to height ratio: less than 0.5 (0); {131 'Cervical pneumatopores (pleurocoels): absent (0); {132 'Cervical centra, internal pneumaticity: absent (0); {133 'Cervical centra, internal pneumaticity, development: simple, few large cavities (0); {134 'Cervical vertebrae, small fossa on posteroventral corner: absent (0); {135 'Cervical centra, midline keels on ventral surface: prominent and plate-like (0); {136 'Cervical vertebrae, longitudinal sulcus on ventral surface: absent (0); {137 'Cervical vertebra, posterior projection on transverse processes: present (0); {138 'Cervical vertebrae, posterior extension of posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina: is anteriorly restricted (0); {139 'Cervical vertebrae, short second posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina ventral to the one uniting with the dorsal shelf of the diapophysis: absent (0); {140 'Cervical vertebrae, foramen on dorsal side of postzygodiapophyseal lamina, just anterior to base of neural spine process: absent (0); {141 'Cervical vertebrae, epipophysis: reduced or absent (0); {142 'Cervical vertebrae, pneumatized epipophyses: absent (0); {143 'Cervical neural spines, bifurcation, if present, anterior extension within column includes: CV 3 (0); {144 'Cervical vertebrae, unbifurcated neural spines in anterior/posterior view: with parallel lateral edges or converging (0); {145 'Cervical vertebrae, summits of bifid neural spines: are laterally compressed (0); {146 'Proatlas, distal end: broadly rounded (0); {147 'Atlantal intercentrum, anteroventral lip: absent, anterior edge of intercentrum straight in lateral view (0); {148 'Atlantal intercentrum, ventral surface, foramen between posterior ventrolateral processes: absent (0); {149 'Atlantal neurapophyses, anteromedial process: weakly developed (0); {150 'Atlantal neural arch, small subtriangular, laterally projecting spur at base: absent (0); {151 'Atlantal neurapophyses, posterior wing: gradually tapering along its length (0); {152 'Atlantal neurapophyses, posterior wing: without foramen (0); {153 'Axial centrum, pneumatic fossae on ventrolateral edges, posterior and adjacent to parapophyses: absent (0); {154 'Axis, prespinal lamina: of constant width (0); {155 'Axis, postspinal lamina: absent (0); {156 'Axis neural spine: projects beyond posterior border of centrum (0); {157 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, total height/centrum length ratio: < 0.9 (0); {158 'Cervical vertebrae 2 and 3, centrum length: moderate length increase, CV3 < 1.3 x CV 2 (0); {159 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, posterior edge of anterior condyle: anteriorly inclined (0); {160 'Anterior cervical centra, pleurocoels: single (0); {161 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, pleurocoel extending onto dorsal surface of parapophysis: present (0); {162 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, longitudinal ridge on ventral surface: present (0); {163 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, paired pneumatic fossae on ventral surface: absent (0); {164 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, prespinal lamina: absent (0); {165 'Anterior and mid-cervical centra, pleurocoel pierced by one or two large, rounded foramina around centrum midlength: absent (0); {166 'Anterior and mid-cervical vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina, development at base of prezygapophyseal process: distinct (0); {167 'Anterior and mid-cervical neural spines height: high (project well above the level of postzygapophyses) (0); {168 'Anterior and mid-cervical neural spines, dorsoventrally elongate coel on lateral surface: absent (0); {169 'Mid-cervical centra, anteroposterior length/height of posterior face: 2.5-3.2 (0); {170 'Mid-cervical pre-epipophyses anterior extreme: about the same as prezygapophyseal facet (0); {171 'Mid-cervical neural spine height: considerably shorter than height of neural arch, <0.45 (0); {172 'Mid-cervical neural spines, orientation: vertical (0); {173 'Mid-cervical vertebrae, angle between postzygodiapophyseal and spinopostzygapophyseal laminae: acute (0); {174 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra, pleurocoel, subdivision: absent (0); {175 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra, pleurocoel, subdivisions, if present: one, resulting in anterior and posterior excavations (0); {176 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, pneumatization of lateral surface of centra: large, divided pleurocoel over approximately half of centrum (0); {177 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, pleurocoel extending onto dorsal surface of parapophysis: present (0); {178 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, longitudinal ridge on ventral surface: present (0); {179 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, ventral keel: single (0); {180 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, paired pneumatic fossae on ventral surface, separated by ventral midline keel: absent (0); {181 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, lateral edge posterior to parapophysis: continuous (0); {182 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra, rugose tuberosity on anterodorsal corner of lateral side: absent (0); {183 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra with longitudinal flanges in the lateroventral edge on the posterior part of the centrum: absent (0); {184 'Mid- and posterior cervical prezygapophyses, articular surfaces: flat (0); {185 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, pre-epipophysis: absent (0); {186 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina, anterior end: remains vertical, with the free edge facing dorsally (0); {187 'Mid- and posterior cervical neural arches, lateral fossae on the prezygapophysis process: absent (0); {188 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, subdivision: absent, single cavity (0); {189 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, subdivision, if present: single accessory lamina, two subfossae (0); {190 'Mid- and posterior cervical neural arches, centroprezygapophyseal lamina: single (0); {191 'Mid- and posterior cervical transverse processes: posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (pcdl) and postzygodiapophyseal laminae (podl) meet at base of transverse process (0); {192 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory horizontal lamina in center of spinodiapophyseal fossa, not connected with any surrounding laminae: absent (0); {193 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina: is single (0); {194 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, centropostzygapophyseal lamina (CPOL): single (0); {195 'Mid- and posterior cervical neural arches, interpostzygapophyseal lamina projects beyond the posterior margin of the neural arch (including the centropostzygapophyseal lamina), forming a prominent subrectangular projection in lateral view: absent (0); {196 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa and spinopostzygapophyseal fossa: entirely separated (0); {197 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, Elongation Index (cervical centrum length, excluding condyle, divided by posterior centrum height): less than 2.0 (0); {198 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, ventral keel: anteriorly placed (0); {199 'Posterior cervical prezygapophyses: terminate with or in front of articular ball of centrum (0); {200 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, prezygapophysis articular facet posterior margin: confluent with prezygapophyseal process (0); {201 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina: continuous (0); {202 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory lateral lamina connecting postzygodiapophyseal and spinoprezygapophyseal laminae: absent (0); {203 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory, subvertical lamina in the postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, with free edge facing laterally: absent (0); {204 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory, subvertical lamina in the postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, with free edge facing posteriorly: absent (0); {205 'Posterior cervical postzygapophyses: terminate at or beyond posterior edge of centrum (0); {206 'Posterior cervical neural arch, interpostzygapophyseal lamina (tpol): connects directly with roof of neural canal (0); {207 'Posterior cervical neural arches, epipophyses: transversely compressed (0); {208 'Posterior cervical neural arches, accessory spinal lamina: absent (0); {209 'Posterior cervical neural spines, dorsoventrally elongate coel on lateral surface: absent (0); {210 'Posterior cervical neural spines, horizontal, rugose ridge right below spine summit on lateral surface: absent (0); {211 'Posterior bifid, cervical neural spines, medial surface: marked by distinct, dorsoventral ridge from base to spine summit (0); {212 'Posterior cervical neural and/or anterior-most dorsal neural spines: vertical (0); {213 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae, roughened lateral aspect of prezygodiapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {214 Posterior_cervical_and_anterior_dorsal_vertebrae,_prespinal_lamina:_absent_(0),_present_(1).; {215 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal bifid neural spines, median tubercle: absent (0); {216 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal bifid neural spines, orientation: diverging (0); {217 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal bifid neural spines, divergence: wide (0); {218 'Posterior cervical, and anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae, anterior projection of diapophysis laterally adjacent to prezygapophyseal facet: absent (0); {219 'Cervical ribs, length: long, reaching posterior to posterior end of centrum (0); {220 'Cervical ribs, length: overlapping several centra posterior (0); {221 'Cervical ribs, position relative to centrum: not projecting far beneath centrum (0); {222 'Cervical ribs, posteriorly projecting spur on dorsolateral edge of posterior shaft: absent (0); {223 'Anterior and mid-cervical ribs, tuberculum in lateral view: is directed nearly vertically (0); {224 'Posterior cervical ribs, anterior process: present (0); {225 'Posterior cervical ribs, anterior process: distinct, much longer anteroposteriorly than high dorsoventrally (0); {226 'Posterior cervical ribs, anterior process: rounded in lateral view (0); {227 'Posterior cervical ribs, rounded sub-triangular process in lateral view, posteroventral to tuberculum: absent (0); {228 'Posterior cervical rib shafts: nearly straight and directed backward and a little upwards (0); {229 'Number of dorsal vertebrae: 13 or more (0); {230 'Dorsal centrum length (excluding articular ''ball''), remains approximately the same along the sequence (0); {231 'Dorsal vertebrae, opisthocoely (including a prominent anterior articular ''ball'') disappears: between DV2 and DV3 (0); {232 'Dorsal pneumatopores (pleurocoels): absent (0); {233 'Dorsal centra, internal pneumaticity: absent (0); {234 'Dorsal centra, internal pneumaticity, structure: simple, large cavities (0); {235 Dorsal_neural_arches,_paired,_subdivided_pneumatic_chambers_dorsolateral_to_neural_canal:_absent_(0),_present_(1).; {236 'Dorsal transverse processes, orientation: horizontal or only slightly inclined dorsally (0); {237 'Dorsal vertebrae, single (not bifid) neural spines, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae: separate along entire length (0); {238 'Dorsal vertebrae, spinodiapophyseal webbing: laminae follow curvature of neural spine and diapophysis in anterior view (0); {239 'Dorsal vertebrae with single neural spines in anterior view, middle single fossa projected through midline of neural spine: present (0); {240 'Dorsal (single) neural spines, postspinal lamina, dorsal end: flat to convex transversely (0); {241 'Dorsal vertebrae, transition from bifid to single neural spines: gradual (0); {242 'Dorsal neural arches, hyposphene-hypantrum articulations: present (0); {243 'Dorsal vertebrae, hyposphene first appears: on D3 (0); {244 'Dorsal vertebrae, single vertical lamina supporting the hyposphene from below: absent (0); {245 'Dorsal vertebrae 1 and 2, centrum length: DV 1 > DV 2 (0); {246 'First dorsal vertebrae, pleurocoel location: occupy the anterior and middle part of the centrum (0); {247 'Anterior dorsal vertebrae, pleurocoels in first few centra: become larger along the series (0); {248 'Anterior dorsal vertebrae, ventral keel: absent (0); {249 'Anterior dorsal transverse process position: high, considerably above dorsal edge of posterior cotyle (0); {250 'Anterior, bifid dorsal vertebrae, base of notch between metapophyses: wide and rounded (0); {251 'Anterior dorsal, bifid neural spines, medial surface: gently rounded transversely (0); {252 'Dorsal vertebra 3, parapophysis: lies at the top of the centrum (0); {253 'Anterior and mid-dorsal centra, pleurocoels: situated entirely on centrum (0); {254 'Anterior and mid-dorsal neural arch, hyposphene shape: rhomboid (0); {255 'Mid-dorsal neural arches, height above postzygapophyses (neural spine) to height below (pedicel): 2.1 or greater (0); {256 'Mid-dorsal neural spines, form: single, bifid form (if present) does not extend past second or third dorsal (0); {257 'Mid-dorsal neural spines, oblique accessory lamina connecting postspinal lamina with spinopostzygapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {258 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, lateral pleurocoels present in centra: absent (0); {259 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, vertically oriented rod-like struts divide the lateral pneumatic foramina: absent (0); {260 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, height of neural arch below postzygapophyses (pedicel)/posterior cotyle height: <0.8 (0); {261 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, prezygoparapophyseal lamina: present (0); {262 'Mid- and posterior dorsal parapophyses, location: above centrum, posterior to anterior edge of centrum (0); {263 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {264 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {265 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina, if present: single (0); {266 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, accessory laminae in region between posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina and posterior centroparapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {267 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, accessory lamina linking hyposphene with base of posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {268 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, centropostzygapophyseal lamina: single (0); {269 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, infradiapophyseal pneumatopore between anterior and posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae: absent (0); {270 'Mid- and posterior dorsal transverse processes, length: short (0); {271 'Mid- and posterior dorsal transverse processes, dorsal edge: straight, or curving downwards at distal end (0); {272 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, anteroposterior width: approximately constant along height of spine, with subparallel anterior and posterior margins (0); {273 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, accessory, anterodorsally oriented lamina arising from the SPDL: absent (0); {274 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, breadth at summit: much narrower (0); {275 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, triangular aliform processes: absent (0); {276 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, triangular aliform processes, lateral extension: do not project as far laterally as postzygapophyses (0); {277 'Posterior dorsal centra, total length/height of posterior articular surface: 1.0 or greater (0); {278 'Posterior dorsal centra, posterior articular surface width to height: 1.0 or less (0); {279 'Posterior dorsal centra, articular face shape: amphicoelous (0); {280 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, pleurocoel shape: oval to circular (0); {281 'Posterior dorsal neural arches, height above postzygapophyses (neural spine) to height below (pedicel): < 3.1 (0); {282 'Posterior dorsal neural arches, parapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa: ventrally open, relatively shallow (0); {283 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina: absent or greatly reduced (0); {284 'Posterior dorsal postzygapophyses: almost horizontal, such that the two articular facets include a wide angle (0); {285 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, hyposphene-hypantrum system: well developed, rhomboid shape up to last element (0); {286 'Posterior dorsal neural arches, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae: single (0); {287 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, medial spinopostzygapophyseal lamina: absent (0); {288 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, base of neural spines just above transverse processes: longer than wide (0); {289 'Posterior dorsal neural spines, orientation at its base: vertical (0); {290 'Posterior dorsal neural spines, midline cleft along the dorsal surface: absent (0); {291 'Posterior dorsal and/or sacral neural spines (not including arch), height: less than 2 times centrum length (0); {292 'Dorsal ribs, rib head: area between capitulum and tuberculum flat (0); {293 'Dorsal ribs, proximal pneumatopores: absent (0); {294 'Mid-dorsal ribs, orientation of tuberculum: spreading outside from rib shaft (0); {295 'Sacral vertebrae, number: 4 (0); {296 'Sacral vertebral centra, pleurocoels: absent (0); {297 'Sacral rib III, ventral surface: smooth (0); {298 'Sacral neural spines, lateral side, towards summit: flat, with only spinodiapophyseal lamina (spdl) well-developed (0); {299 'Sacral neural spines, lateral view, spinodiapophyseal lamina: reduced to absent, does not connect summit and diapophysis (0); {300 'Sacral neural spines, lateral view, spinodiapophyseal laminae (spdl): remain vertical and thus parallel to each other (0); {301 'Caudal neural spines, elliptical depression between lateral spinal lamina and postspinal lamina on dorsolateral surface: absent (0); {302 'Caudal neural spines with triangular lateral processes: absent (0); {303 'Posterior dorsal, sacral and anterior caudal neural spines, shape in anterior/posterior view: rectangular through most of length (0); {304 'First caudal centrum, articular face shape: procoelous (0); {305 'Anterior-most caudal centra, transverse cross-section: sub-circular with rounded ventral margin (0); {306 'Anterior-most caudal centra, pneumatic fossae: reduced to absent (0); {307 'Anterior-most caudal vertebrae, additional pneumatic fossa on posterodorsal corner of centrum: absent (0); {308 'Anterior-most caudal transverse processes, shape: triangular, tapering distally (0); {309 'Anterior-most caudal vertebrae, transition from ''fan''-shaped to '' normal'' caudal ribs: between Cd 1 and 2 (0); {310 'Anterior-most caudal neural arches, accessory lamina connecting pre- and postzygapophyses: absent (0); {311 'Anterior-most caudal neural spine (not including arch), height: less than 1.5 times centrum height (0); {312 'Anterior-most caudal neural spines, lateral spinal lamina: has the same anteroposterior width ventrally and dorsally (0); {313 'Anterior caudal centra (excluding the first), articular surface shape: amphiplatyan or amphicoelous (0); {314 'Anterior caudal centra, ventral surface: without irregularly placed foramina (0); {315 'Anterior caudal centra, pneumatopores (pleurocoels): absent (0); {316 'Anterior caudal centra, pneumatopores: restricted to foramina (0); {317 'Anterior caudal centra, pneumatopores: disappear by caudal 15 (0); {318 'Anterior caudal centra, length: subequal amongst first 20 (0); {319 'Anterior caudal vertebrae, concavo-convex zygapophyseal articulation: absent (0); {320 'Anterior caudal prezygapophyses, pre-epipophysis laterally below articular facet: absent (0); {321 'Anterior caudal vertebrae, transverse processes: ventral surface directed laterally or slightly ventrally (0); {322 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, anterior diapophyseal laminae (acdl, prdl): reduced or absent (0); {323 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina, shape: single (0); {324 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, posterior diapophyseal laminae (pcdl, podl): reduced or absent (0); {325 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, anteroposteriorly expanded lateral extremities: absent (0); {326 'Anterior caudal neural spines, maximum mediolateral width to anteroposterior length ratio: < 1.0 (0); {327 'Anterior caudal neural spines, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina: absent, or present as small short ridges that rapidly fade out into the anterolateral margin of the spine (0); {328 'Anterior caudal neural spines, spinopre- and spinopostzygapophyseal laminae contact: absent (0); {329 'Anterior caudal neural arches, prespinal lamina: absent (0); {330 'Anterior caudal neural spines, thickened anterior rim of prespinal lamina: absent (0); {331 'Anterior caudal neural spines, prespinal lamina or rugosity: terminate at or beneath dorsal margin of neural spine (0); {332 'Anterior caudal neural arches, postspinal lamina: absent (0); {333 'Anterior caudal neural spines, postspinal lamina or rugosity: terminate at or beneath dorsal margin of neural spine (0); {334 'Anterior caudal neural arches; {335 'Anterior caudal neural spines, shape: single (0); {336 'Anterior caudal neural spines, maximum mediolateral width to minimum mediolateral width ratio: < 2.0 (0); {337 'Anterior caudal neural spines, lateral expansion at distal end: gradual, expanding through the last third of the neural spine (0); {338 'Anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae, ventrolateral ridges: absent (0); {339 'Anterior and mid-caudal centra, ventral longitudinal hollow: absent (0); {340 'Anterior- and mid-caudal vertebrae, ventral hollow depth: shallow, 10mm or less (0); {341 'Mid-caudal vertebrae, ratio of centrum length to posterior height: < 1,7 (0); {342 'Mid-caudal vertebrae, lateral surface of centra: without longitudinal ridge at midheight (0); {343 'Mid-caudal centra, articular surface shape: cylindrical (0); {344 'Mid-caudal centra ventral surface in lateral view: gently curved (0); {345 'Mid-caudal posterior articular surface: concave (0); {346 'Mid-caudal neural arches: over the midpoint of the centrum with approximately subequal amounts of the centrum exposed at either end (0); {347 'Mid-caudal prezygapophyses: free (0); {348 'Mid-caudal prezygapophyses position: terminate at or behind anterior edge of centrum (0); {349 'Mid-caudal neural spines, orientation: directed posteriorly (0); {350 'Mid-caudal neural arch, anterior extreme of spine summit: smooth (0); {351 'Mid- and posterior caudal vertebral centra, articular surfaces: subequal in width and height or higher than wide (0); {352 'Mid- and posterior caudal neural spines: spine summit overhangs postzygapophyses considerably posteriorly (0); {353 'Mid- and posterior caudal spines: elongate and strongly caudally directed, extending over more than 50% of length of succeeding vertebral centrum (0); {354 'Posterior caudal prezygapophyses position: terminate at or behind anterior edge of centrum (0); {355 'Distal-most caudal centra, articular face shape: platycoelous (0); {356 'Distal-most caudal centra, length-to-height ratio: < 4.0 (0); {357 'Distal-most biconvex caudal centra, number: ten or fewer (0); {358 'Caudal ribs, last occurs on: Cd 12 or more anteriorly (0); {359 'Anterior, ''fan''-shaped caudal ribs, foramen: absent (0); {360 'Chevrons, ''crus'' bridging haemal canal: absent in some (0); {361 'Chevrons, ''crus'' bridging haemal canal: present in some (0); {362 'Chevrons with anterior and posterior projections: present (0); {363 'Anterior chevrons, longitudinal median ridge on anterior surface: absent (0); {364 'Anterior chevrons, posterior edge of distal blade in lateral view: continuous (0); {365 'Anterior mid-chevrons, lateral surface: smooth (0); {366 'Middle chevrons, distinct fossae on medial surfaces of proximal branches: absent (0); {367 'Forked chevrons, anteroposterior length: short, about 50% of relative vertebral centrum length (0); {368 'Scapular length/minimum blade breadth: > 5.5 (0); {369 'Scapular acromion length/scapular length: > 0.54 (0); {370 'Scapula, orientation of blade, angle with coracoid articulation: > 80? (0); {371 'Scapula, angle between acromial ridge and distal blade: < 70? (0); {372 'Scapular acromion process, dorsal part of posterior margin: convex or straight (0); {373 'Scapular, acromion process position: lies near glenoid level (0); {374 'Scapula, area posterior to acromial ridge and distal blade: is excavated (0); {375 'Scapular glenoid, orientation: relatively flat or laterally facing (0); {376 'Scapular blade, acromial edge, shape in lateral view: straight (0); {377 'Scapular blade, acromial edge, distinct dorsal process close to distal end: absent (0); {378 'Scapular blade, ventral edge, shape in lateral view: is straight (0); {379 'Scapula: without semi-ovate, flat muscle scar just distal to glenoid on scapular shaft (0); {380 'Scapular blade, subtriangular projection on anterior portion of ventral edge: absent (0); {381 'Scapular blade, expansion of distal end: wide (at least 2 times narrowest width of shaft in lateral view) (0); {382 'Scapular blade, distal end, shape: with distinct dorsal and ventral corners (0); {383 'Coracoid, anteroventral margin shape: rounded (0); {384 'Coracoid, infraglenoid deep groove: reduced to absent (0); {385 'Sternal plates, shape: subcircular or oval (0); {386 'Sternal plate, ridge on the ventral surface: absent (0); {387 'Sternal plate, anterior end: expanded dorsoventrally (0); {388 'Sternal plate, posterior border: convex (0); {389 'Forelimb: hindlimb length ratio: 0.76 or greater (0); {390 'Humerus-to-femur ratio: < 0.7 (0); {391 'Humerus, RI (sensu Wilson and Upchurch, 2003): Gracile (less than 0,27) (0); {392 'Humerus, shaft twist: minor to absent (0); {393 'Humerus, midshaft cross-section, shape: circular, transverse diameter: anteroposterior diameter ratio is 1.5 or lower (usually close to 1.3) (0); {394 'Humerus, pronounced proximolateral corner: absent (0); {395 'Humerus, proximal expansion: more or less symmetrical (0); {396 'Humerus, proximal end expanded laterally in anterior/proximal view: expanded, lateral margin concave in anterior/posterior view (0); {397 'Humerus, shallow, but distinct rugose tubercle at the center of the concave proximal portion of the anterior surface: absent (0); {398 'Ulna to humerus length: < 0.65 (0); {399 'Ulna, proximal condylar processes: subequal in length (0); {400 'Ulna, proximal articular surface, angle between anterior and lateral branch: 90? (0); {401 'Ulna, distal transverse expansion: slight, < 1.3 times min sw (0); {402 'Radius, maximum diameter of the proximal end divided by greatest length: < 0.3 (0); {403 'Radius, distal articular surface for ulna: reduced and relatively smooth (0); {404 'Radius, distal condyle orientation in anterior view: perpendicular or beveled less than 15? to long axis of shaft (0); {405 'Radius, distal breadth: <1.8 times larger than midshaft breadth (0); {406 'Carpus, number of carpal bones: 3 or more (0); {407 'Carpals: block-like (0); {408 'Metacarpus, shape: spreading (0); {409 'Metacarpals, shape of proximal surface in articulation: gently curving, forming a 90? arc (0); {410 'Metacarpus, ratio of longest metacarpal to radius: < 0.40 (0); {411 'Metacarpal I, length: shorter than IV (0); {412 'Metacarpal I, proximal end dorsoventral height to mediolateral width ratio: < 1.8 (0); {413 'Metacarpal III, robustness (length/distal transverse width): robust, <2.9 (0); {414 'Metacarpal V, proximal articular surface: subequal to smaller than (0); {415 'Manual phalanx I-1, flange-like sheet of bone projecting from the proximoventral margin: absent (0); {416 'Ilium, ratio of blade height above pubic peduncle to anteroposterior length: <0.40 (0); {417 'Iliac preacetabular process, shape: sharply pointed (0); {418 'Ilium, preacetabular process, orientation of anterior tip in dorsal view: pointing anterolaterally (0); {419 'Ilium, angle between the ventral edge of anterior iliac lobe and the anterior surface of the pubis process: is ~90? (0); {420 'Ilium, dorsal margin shape: flat to slightly convex (0); {421 'Ilium, highest point on dorsal margin: lies posterior to base of pubic process (0); {422 'Ilium, pubic peduncle (measured at the articular surface), anteroposterior to mediolateral width ratio: > 0.80 (0); {423 'Ilium, triangular fossa laterally at base of pubic peduncle: absent (0); {424 'Ilium, distinct tubercle in the postacetabular region: absent (0); {425 'Pubis, ambiens process development: small, confluent not differentiated from the anterior border of the pubis (0); {426 'Pubis, length of puboischial contact: less than 0.41 total length of pubis (0); {427 'Pubis, participation in acetabulum: subequal to larger, compared to ischium (0); {428 'Ischium, acetabular articular surface: maintains approximately the same transverse width throughout its length (0); {429 'Ischium, acetabular margin, in lateral view: flat or mildly concave (0); {430 'Ischium, iliac peduncle: iliac peduncle straight or widening in smooth curve distally (0); {431 'Ischia pubic articulation/anteroposterior length of pubic pedicel: < 1.5 (0); {432 'Ischium, elongate muscle scar on proximal end: absent (0); {433 'Ischium, lateral fossa at base of shaft: absent (0); {434 'Ischial distal shaft, shape: blade-like, medial and lateral depths subequal (0); {435 'Ischial distal shafts, cross-sectional shape: V-shaped, forming an angle of nearly 50? with each other (0); {436 'Ischial shaft, transverse distal expansion: absent (0); {437 'Ischium, posterodorsal expansion of distal end: absent (0); {438 'Femur, robustness index (sensu Wilson & Upchurch 2003): gracile, <0.22 (0); {439 'Femur, lateral bulge (marked by the lateral expansion and a dorsomedial orientation of the laterodorsal margin of the femur, which starts below the femur head ventral margin): absent (0); {440 'Femoral shaft, lateral margin shape: straight (0); {441 'Femur, cross-sectional shape: subequal to anteroposterior diameter (0); {442 'Femoral head, position of highest point in anterior view: above point of maximum curvature of ventral edge of femoral head (0); {443 'Femur, ventral surface of head: confluent with shaft (0); {444 'Femur, greatest anteroposterior thickness of shaft: less than or approximately equal to half anteroposterior depth of distal articular condyles (0); {445 'Femur, large nutrient foramen opening midshaft anteriorly on femur: absent (0); {446 'Femur, pronounced ridge on posterior surface between greater trochanter and head: absent (0); {447 'Femur, fourth trochanter: not visible in anterior view (0); {448 'Femoral fourth trochanter, present as low rounded ridge (0); {449 'Femur, fourth trochanter, position: distally displaced (0); {450 'Femur, shape of distal condyles: articular surface restricted to distal portion of femur (0); {451 'Tibia to femur length: < 0.68 (0); {452 'Tibia, proximal articulation surface, shape: subcircular to transversely compressed (0); {453 'Tibia, proximal articular surface, shape: subrectangular (0); {454 'Tibia, short transverse ridge on anteromedial surface of distal end: absent (0); {455 'Tibia, cnemial crest in anterior view: widely rounded (0); {456 'Tibia, posterior surface of cnemial crest: smooth (0); {457 'Tibia, lateral edge of proximal end forms a pinched out projection, posterior to cnemial crest (the ''second cnemial crest'' of Bonaparte et al., 2000): present (0); {458 'Fibula, proximal end with anteromedially directed crest extending into a notch behind the cnemial crest of the tibia: absent (0); {459 'Fibula, insertion of the M. iliofibularis: located approximately at mid-shaft (0); {460 'Astragalus, morphology in anterior view: rectangular (0); {461 'Astragalus, anteroposterior dimension as seen in dorsal view: widens medially or does not change in width (0); {462 'Astragalus, proximodistal length/transverse breadth: < 0,55 (0); {463 'Astragalus, mediolateral width to maximum anteroposterior length ratio: 1.6 or greater (0); {464 'Astragalus, ascending process length: limited to anterior two-thirds of astragalus anteroposterior width (0); {465 'Astragalus, fibular facet: faces laterally (0); {466 'Astragalus, laterally directed ventral shelf underlies distal end of fibula: present (0); {467 'Astragalus, dorsomedial corner in posterior view: short and blunt (0); {468 'Calcaneum: proximodistally compressed (0); {469 'Metatarsals, metatarsal I to metatarsal V proximodistal length ratio: 1.0 or greater (0); {470 'Metatarsal I, dorsal/anterior surface: without foramina (0); {471 'Metatarsal I proximal articular surface, transverse axis orientation: angled ventromedially approximately 15? to (0); {472 'Metatarsal I, robustness (proximal transverse width/greatest length): relatively gracile, < 0.8 (0); {473 'Metatarsal I distal articular surface, transverse axis orientation: angled dorsomedially to (0); {474 'Metatarsal I distal condyle, posterolateral projection: absent (0); {475 'Metatarsal I, distolateral projection, if present: small and blunt, not projecting considerably lateral to dorsal edge of distal articular surface (0); {476 'Metatarsals I-III, rugosities on dorsolateral margins near distal ends: absent (0); {477 'Metatarsal II, robustness (mean transverse breadth proximal and distal/maximum length): slender, <0.53 (0); {478 'Metatarsal II, lateral margin in proximal view: concave (0); {479 'Metatarsal II, rugosity on dorsolateral margin near distal end (if present): shallow (0); {480 'Metatarsal II distal condyle, posterolateral projection: absent (0); {481 'Metatarsal IV, proximal articular surface, outline: L- to V-shaped, with distinctly concave posterolateral edge (0); {482 'Metatarsal V, proximal articular surface, shape: triangular (0); {483 'Metatarsal V proximal end to distal end maximum mediolateral width ratio: 1.6 or greater (0); {484 'Pes, phalanx I-1: proximal and ventral surfaces meet at approximately 90? (0); {485 'Pes, phalanx I-1, distal articular surface shape: wide, maximum transverse width > 1.1 times anteroposterior height (0); {486 'Pes, phalanx II-2: well developed and subrectangular in dorsal view (0); {487 'Pes, phalanges III-1 and IV-1: equal to longer than wide (0); {488 'Pedal unguals, groove on lateral surface: follows curvature of claw (0); {489 Exoccipital,_curbed_projection_from_dorsolaeral_margin_forms_part_of_margin_of_posttemporal_fenestra; {490 Exoccipital,_horizontal_groove_on_posteriro_surface,_lateral_to_each_proatlantal_facet; ; ccode + 4 57 62 85 87 94 113 115 116 129 130 143 156 157 169 171 197 229 279 291 294 304 309 313 345 356 358 369 371 390 391 398 406 413 425 438 441 477 *; proc /; comments 210 {0 6 Chatterjee & Zheng 2002, fig. 5; {0 113 58% (Whitlock 2011b); {0 376 Zhang 1988, fig. 43; {0 377 Zhang 1988, fig. 43; {0 381 2.0; {0 382 Zhang 1988, fig. 43; {0 390 0.56; {0 405 1.65; {0 416 0.33; {0 438 R: 0.22, L: 0.2; {0 451 0.57; {0 485 94/89 = 1.06; {1 376 Remes et al. 2009, fig. 4; {1 377 Remes et al. 2009, fig. 4; {1 382 Remes et al. 2009, fig. 4; {1 391 0.25; {1 438 0.22; {1 451 0.58; {2 6 He et al. 1988, fig. 9; {2 169 2 or 3? ; {2 376 He et al. 1988, fig. 41; {2 377 He et al. 1988, fig. 41; {2 382 He et al. 1988, fig. 41; {2 390 0.83; {2 405 2, 1.87, 1.97, 1.56; {2 416 <0.37; {2 438 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.25, 0.26 (mean: 0.25); {2 451 0.63; {2 485 1.62; {3 6 Ouyang & Ye 2002, fig. 3; {3 376 Taylor et al. 2011, fig. 9A; {3 390 0.71; {3 416 0.35; {3 438 0.2; {3 451 0.57; {4 368 5.9 (incomplete); {4 376 NHMUK R3078, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011); {4 390 0.71; {4 391 0.32; {4 393 1.45; {4 438 0.21; {4 441 134; {4 472 0.81 (Upchurch et al. 2004b); {4 485 1.1; {5 6 MNN TIG, Chicago, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {5 113 55% (Whitlock 2011b); {5 376 MNN TIG, Chicago (TW 63), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {5 377 MNN TIG, Chicago (TW 63), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {5 382 MNN TIG, Chicago (TW 63), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {5 390 0.76; {5 405 1.88; {5 451 0.6 ; {6 304 amphicoelous; {7 451 0.56; {8 85 1.33; {8 410 0.37; {8 476 but remains on anterolateral edge; {9 85 83/55 = 1.51; {9 94 48?; {9 141 pronounced in anerior cervicals, posterior poz not preserved; {9 319 prezygapophyses are convex; {9 326 subequal; {9 405 1.94; {10 6 USNM 13768, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2008); {10 29 ambiguous, 0 or 2; {10 62 0.3, 0.25; {10 85 1.55; {10 113 63% (Whitlock 2011b); {10 376 Osborn & Mook 1921, fig. 80; {10 377 Osborn & Mook 1921, fig. 80; {10 382 Osborn & Mook 1921, fig. 80; {10 405 1.69, 1.59, 1.79, 2.08; {10 416 0.34; {10 438 0.25; {10 451 CM 11338: 0.62; {10 472 0.72 (McIntosh 1990a); {10 485 1.23 (SMA 0002); {11 438 0.27; {12 85 1.59; {12 376 YPM 1901, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {12 377 YPM 1901, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {12 382 YPM 1901, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {12 390 0.85; {12 391 0.26; {12 405 1.29; {12 416 0.37; {12 438 0.29; {14 6 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010); {14 376 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2010); {14 377 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2010); {14 382 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2010); {15 128 according to Mocho thesis; {15 376 MIGM 5780, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010); {15 377 MIGM 5780, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010); {15 382 MIGM 5780, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010); {15 390 0.86 ; {15 391 0.25; {15 416 0.38; {15 438 0.27; {15 439 incipient; {15 451 0.63; {17 402 0.3 (MB.R. P13), 0.31 (MB.R. P10), 0.29 (MB.R.2096.2; {17 462 0.45 (holotype); {17 463 1.81 (holotype), 1.76 (MB.R.2095.6, P7) (Bonaparte et al. 2000); {19 304 platycoel (like Demandasaurus? Carballido et al., 2012); {19 368 7.8; {19 376 Schwarz et al. 2007, fig. 7; {19 377 Schwarz et al. 2007, fig. 7; {19 381 1.8; {19 382 Schwarz et al. 2007, fig. 7; {19 390 0.81; {19 391 0.29; {19 416 <0.33; {19 438 0.26; {19 451 0.83; {20 6 MB.R.2223-1, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014); {20 62 1; {20 85 1.16; {20 113 68% (Whitlock 2011b); {20 130 1.9, 1.9, 1.5, 1.1, 1.5, 1.6 (mean: 1.6); {20 259 present in left pleurocoel of m-pDV MB.R.2181.87; {20 368 7.1; {20 376 MB.R.2727 (Y 10), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011); {20 377 MB.R.2727 (Y 10), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011); {20 382 MB.R.2727 (Y 10), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011); {20 390 1.02; {20 405 1.96; {20 416 0.36; {20 438 0.26, 0.23 (juvenile), 0.22, 0.22 (juvenile), 0.23 (juvenile), 0.26 (juvenile), 0.24, 0.23, 0.25 (mean: 0.24); {20 451 0.58; {20 485 1.5; {21 6 USNM 5730; {21 390 1 (Janensch 1929); {21 416 0.41; {21 438 0.25; {22 169 3.53 ; {23 402 0.21 (Royo-Torres et al. 2012); {23 405 1.84 (Royo-Torres et al. 2012); {23 451 0.57 (Canudo et al. 2008); {23 462 0.56 (CT-19), 0.76 (MPZ99-9) (Royo-Torres et al. 2012); {23 463 1.96 (CT-19); {23 472 0.47 (Canudo et al. 2008); {23 477 0.5 (Canudo et al. 2008); {24 130 1.63; {24 369 0.54; {24 376 Bonaparte et al. 2006, fig. 6; {24 377 Bonaparte et al. 2006, fig. 6; {24 381 1.95; {24 382 Bonaparte et al. 2006, fig. 6; {24 438 0.21; {24 451 0.63; {25 121 3.46, 3.36 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 178 only in pCV; {25 197 CvB: 2.85, CvC: 2.09; {25 278 more posterior element subequal (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 304 amphicoelous, actually; {25 318 1.31 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 368 6.4 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 376 D'Emic et al. 2013, fig. 17; {25 377 D'Emic et al. 2013, fig. 17; {25 381 1.7 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 382 D'Emic et al. 2013, fig. 17; {25 402 0.3; {25 405 ca. 2 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 426 0.35 (D'Emic et al. 2013) ; {25 438 0.24 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 441 1.7, actually... (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 444 0.38 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {25 451 0.75 (D'Emic et al. 2013); {26 376 Jain & Bandyopadhyay 1997, fig. 18; {26 377 Jain & Bandyopadhyay 1997, fig. 18; {26 381 1.5; {26 382 Jain & Bandyopadhyay 1997, fig. 18; {27 333 only anteriormost; {27 376 Hatcher 1903, fig. 18; {27 377 Hatcher 1903, fig. 18; {27 382 Hatcher 1903, fig. 18; {27 416 0.33; {27 438 0.23; {28 85 1.17; {28 376 MUCPv-205, ET. pers. obs. 2016, based on photos by OM (2008); {28 377 MUCPv-205, ET. pers. obs. 2016, based on photos by OM (2008); {28 382 MUCPv-205, ET. pers. obs. 2016, based on photos by OM (2008); {28 390 0.63; {28 405 1.83; {28 438 0.22; {28 451 0.59; {29 197 2.35; {29 438 0.25; {30 405 2; {31 6 Sereno et al. 2007, supplementary video; {31 85 1.24; {31 113 95% (Whitlock 2011b); {31 376 Sereno et al. 1999, fig. 2; {31 377 Sereno et al. 1999, fig. 2; {31 382 Sereno et al. 1999, fig. 2; {32 304 anterior: flat, posterior: concave (Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2011); {33 405 if distal: >1.97; {34 85 0.83; {34 96 6.9; {34 113 74% (Whitlock 2011b); {34 128 starts on c3; {34 368 5.52; {34 376 Harris 2007, fig. 11; {34 400 D. sattleri (Janensch 1961); {34 405 1.54 (D. sattleri); {34 416 0.4; {34 438 0.23; {34 451 0.64; {34 481 D. sattleri; ;