This PDF file includes:

• Fig. S1. TGA analyses.
• Fig. S2. SEM and TEM images of CM-x/Co samples.
• Fig. S3. TEM images of oPD-derived CMs prepared with different TMSs.
• Fig. S4. SEM and TEM images of SiO₂-templating CMs.
• Fig. S5. Characterizations of CM-oPD/Co/SBA-15, and CM-Phen/Co/SBA-15.
• Fig. S6. STEM-EDS elemental mapping images of CM-DCD/Co and CM-DCD/Co/SiO₂.
• Fig. S7. STEM-EDS elemental mapping images of CM-oPD/Co and CM-oPD/Co/SiO₂.
• Fig. S8. STEM-EDS elemental mapping images of CM-BTH/Co and CM-BTH/Co/SiO₂.
• Fig. S9. XPS survey spectra of the DBrPhen/Co(NO₃)₂ precursor and its carbonization products obtained at 200° to 500°C.
• Fig. S10. GPC result of the sample that prepared by heating DBrPhen with Co(NO₃)₂ at 250°C for 0.5 hours under N₂.
• Fig. S11. Images of dispersing carbonization product obtained by heating DBrPhen with Co(NO₃)₂ at 400°C for 2 hours under N₂.
• Fig. S12. UV-vis absorption spectra for DBrBTh and the carbonization product obtained by heating BTh/Co(NO₃)₂ at 200°C for 0.5 hours under N₂.
• Fig. S13. The structures of four SOMs that could not be converted into CMs.
• Fig. S14. XRD patterns of CM-Phen/Co, CM-Phen/Co/SiO₂, CM-DBrPhen/Co, and CM-DBrPhen/Co/SiO₂.
• Fig. S15. Detailed characterizations of CM-Phen/Co and CM-Phen/Co/SiO₂ catalysts.
• Fig. S16. Detailed characterizations of CM-DBrPhen/Co and CM-DBrPhen/Co/SiO₂ catalysts.
• Fig. S17. The poisoning experiments for ethylbenzene oxidization and nitrobenzene hydrogenation.
• Fig. S18. Catalytic performance for selective oxidization of ethylbenzene using O₂ as the oxidant and hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using H₂ as the reductant.
• Fig. S19. The poisoning experiments for HER.
• Fig. S20. Tafel curves of CM-DBrPhen/Co/SiO₂ and commercial Pt/C catalyst.
• Fig. S21. Electrocatalytic performance of CMs for ORR in acidic medium.
• Fig. S22. HER polarization curves of CM-oPD/Co/SiO₂ and CM-oPD/CoCu/SiO₂ in 0.5 M H₂SO₄.
• Table S1. Summary of carbon yield, texture properties, elemental composition of CMs prepared with Co(NO₃)₂ as the catalyst.
• Table S2. Carbon yields of oPD with different TMSs as catalysts.
• Table S3. Carbon yields of oPD with different amounts of Co(NO₃)₂ as catalysts.
• Table S4. Summary of carbon yield, texture properties, and elemental composition of CMs prepared with Co(NO₃)₂ as the catalyst and SiO₂ nanoparticles as hard templates.
• Table S5. HER performance comparison.
• Note S1. The proposed mechanism for different microstructures of CM-x/Co samples.
• Note S2. Synthesis of high–surface area CMs from SOMs with SBA-15 as templates.
• Note S3. Detailed characterization analysis of CM-Phen/Co, CM-Phen/Co/SiO₂, CM-DBrPhen/Co, and CM-DBrPhen/Co/SiO₂.
• Note S4. Electrocatalytic performance of CMs for ORR.
• References (55–65)

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