TAIWAN. Cueifong, Nantou County (24°06'20"N, 121°11'13"E), developing on a fruiting body of Ophiocordycepsmacroacicularis, 9 July 2017, Wei-Yu Chuang, (holotype: permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state, NTUH 17-005!; culture ex-holotype NTUCC 17-005!).

Phylogeny based on ITS, LSU, rpb2, SSU, tef1 and tub2 revealed that the strains NTUCC 17-005 and NTUCC 17-006 considered in the present study formed a separate lineage sister to the familial clades of Shiraiaceae and Phaeosphaeriaceae in suborder Pleosporineae. Therefore, a new genus Tzeanania, a new species T.taiwanensis and a new family Tzeananiaceae in suborder Pleosporineae, Pleosporales are proposed here for the pycnidial coelomycete growing on the surface of the fruiting body of Ophiocordycepsmacroacicularis.

The epithet refers to Taiwan, where this species was collected

Developing on the fruiting body of Ophiocordycepsmacroacicularis.

Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, semi- or entirely immersed in the agar, solitary or aggregated, erumpent, globose, dark brown to black. Conidiomatal wall of textura angularis, 3–5 layered, composed of brown to dark brown, flattened polygonal cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, ampulliform to globose, 3–5 × 0.5–2 μm, x¯ ± SD = 4 ± 0.7 × 1.5 ± 0.3 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, thin-walled, cylindrical, guttulate, 4–6 × 1–2 μm, x¯ ± SD = 5.3 ± 0.27 × 1.5 ± 0.08 μm. Chlamydospores not observed in culture.

Colonies concentric circular pattern with radial furrows, entire, whitish, grey to olivaceous, with black conidiomata clustered in circular distribution; reverse concentric circular pattern with radial furrows, beige around centre and olivaceous at edge.

Taiwan

TAIWAN. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, growing on a pine needles, 10 October 2017, Wei-Yu Chuang, (paratype: NTUH 17-006!, culture ex-paratype NTUCC 17-006!).

Tzeananiataiwanensis differs from the familial type of Phaeosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaoryzae in having erumpent, globose conidiomata, conidiomatal wall 3–5 layered, with cylindrical, aseptate, hyaline conidiogenous cells and cylindrical, hyaline, aseptate, guttulated, thin-walled conidia. Phaeosphaeriaoryzae has immersed, uni- to multi-loculate, globose to subglobose conidiomata, conidiomatal walls comprising brown pseudoparenchymatous cells, with flattened ampulliform to doliiform, hyaline to pale brown conidiogenous cells and oblong to cylindrical, pale brown to brown, septate, smooth-walled guttulate conidia (Hyde et al. 2013).

Morphologically, Tzeananiataiwanensis differs from the familial type of Shiraiaceae, Shiraiabambusicola in having aseptate conidiogenous cells and cylindrical, hyaline, aseptate, guttulated, thin-walled conidia. Shiraiabambusicola has septate conidiogenous cells producing fusiform, muriform, hyaline to light brown, thick-walled conidia with irregularly arranged transverse and longitudinal septa (Hyde et al. 2013). Furthermore, Tzeananiataiwanensis can be clearly differentiated from Shiraiabambusicola by the host (Ophiocordycepsmacroacicularis versus Bamboo) and the distribution (Taiwan versus Japan and China).