The PDF file includes:

• Section S1. Density and constituent fraction determination for midden and construction debris
• Section S2. Nitratine formation
• Section S3. Wood ash ion concentrations and density
• Section S4. Rainfall concentration and calculations
• Section S5. Runoff fraction for rain
• Section S6. Fraction of time spent on the site
• Section S7. Ion concentrations in human and caprine urine
• Section S8. Example calculation
• Section S9. Calculation of sedimentation rates
• Section S10. Heterogeneity of elemental concentrations across various samples
• Section S11. Sensitivity of the mass balance model
• Fig. S1. Infrared spectrum from a dung layer in midden (Level 3).
• Fig. S2. Comparison of salt concentrations in various archaeological and nonarchaeological materials.
• Fig. S3. Box and whisker plot of soluble salt concentrations (in moles × 1000 kg −1) across three sampling sections: area 4GH, area 2JK, and southern transect.
• Fig. S4. Four pie diagrams displaying soluble salt percentages.
• Table S1. Soluble salt chemistry and δ 15N_soluble of archaeological and nonarchaeological layers at Aşıklı Höyük.
• Table S2. Statistical information of soluble salts based on material, spatial, and temporal setting.
• Table S3. Mass balance and organism estimation model of sodium at Aşıklı Höyük.
• Table S4. Mass balance and organism estimation model of chlorine at Aşıklı Höyük.
• Table S5. Mass balance and organism estimation model of nitrate at Aşıklı Höyük.
• Table S6. Density data from midden, construction material, and alluvium samples at Aşıklı Höyük.
• References (59–81)

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• Data file S1 (Excel format)