The PDF file includes:

• Supplementary Materials and Methods
• Fig. S1. Distribution of phytoplankton presence observations in space and time.
• Fig. S2. SDM performance for the three statistical algorithms used.
• Fig. S3. Sensitivity of global species richness patterns to methodological choices.
• Fig. S4. Latitudinal species richness gradients derived from the observational raw data.
• Fig. S5. Species richness–temperature relationships derived from the observational raw data.
• Fig. S6. Species ranges for key environmental factors.
• Table S1. Fraction of equatorial species recorded at higher latitudes.
• Table S2. Single variable model skill for predicting species distributions and global richness.
• Table S3. Contribution of sources to the phytoplankton dataset.
• Table S4. Statistics on data collected and species modeled within major taxon groups.
• References (61–65)

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• Data file S1 (.nc format). Monthly species richness diagnosed at global scale, 1° spatial resolution.