Supplementary Materials

The PDF file includes:

  • Fig. S1. The structure and composition of MXene, cellulose, and composites.
  • Fig. S2. The microstructure and morphology of the cellulose film and MXene.
  • Fig. S3. The MXCC ink and a typical MXCC/PC bilayer-structured actuator.
  • Fig. S4. The humidity-responsive capability of the MXCC/PC bilayer-structured actuator.
  • Fig. S5. The electricity-responsive capability of the MXCC/PC bilayer-structured actuator.
  • Fig. S6. The NIR light-responsive capability of the MXene based actuator.
  • Fig. S7. Weight changes as a function of time during light turned on (5 s) and off (600 s) for an MXCC/PDMS bilayer-structured actuator.
  • Fig. S8. The experimental setup for measuring static force and strain and cycle performance of the MXCC/PC bilayer-structured actuator.
  • Fig. S9. Simulation model of the MXCC-based actuator.
  • Fig. S10. NIR light responsiveness of the double folding actuator and the load-lifting capacity of the MXCC-based actuator.
  • Note S1. Calculations of the energy density and power density of our MXCC-based actuator.
  • Legends for movies S1 to S8
  • Reference (43)

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

  • Movie S1 (.avi format). A real-time digital camera video of the MXCC/PC bilayer-structured actuator upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation (illumination intensity, 80 mW cm−2).
  • Movie S2 (.avi format). A real-time IR camera video of the MXCC/PC bilayer-structured actuator upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation (illumination intensity, 80 mW cm−2).
  • Movie S3 (.avi format). Simulated actuation process of the MXCC-based actuator.
  • Movie S4 (.avi format). A real-time digital camera video of self-folding box upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation.
  • Movie S5 (.avi format). A real-time digital camera video of self-blooming flower upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation.
  • Movie S6 (.avi format). A real-time digital camera video of worm-like robot upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation.
  • Movie S7 (.avi format). A real-time digital camera video of smart switch upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation.
  • Movie S8 (.avi format). A real-time IR camera video of a butterfly silhouette–shaped MXCC device upon sequential on/off NIR light irradiation.

Files in this Data Supplement: